Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
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MIKROENKAPSULASI PIGMEN DARI KUBIS MERAH: STUDI INTENSITAS WARNA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN
Get PDFUtilization of artificial food colorants has obtained particular concern for long time consumption. Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata forma rubra L.) was extracted to produce a candidate for natural food colorant through a one-step physical extraction and microencapsulation. The color strength was determined by measuring: (1) tinctorial strength, (2) color degradation kinetics at various pH, and (3) thermostability. Yield level and antioxidant activity were enclosed as supporting data. The results showed that extract of red cabbage exhibited vivid red until green color at various pH and was nearly stable at pH 2 and 3, meanwhile its thermostability was fairly good at pH 3, 4, 8, and 9. The encapsulated red cabbage extract produced high color intensity at pH 2 for red color and pH 9 for blue color with a yield level of 5.53%. It also showed antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 725.65±0.086 ppm in methanol solvent and 258.25±0.097 ppm in water-methanol solvent
MIKROENKAPSULASI MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH DENGAN PENYALUT MALTODEKSTRIN DAN ISOLAT PROTEIN KEDELAI
Get PDFMicroencapsulation techniques have been used to improve the stability of carotenoids and in the development of food fortification. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ratio of the coating material formulation (maltodextrin (MD) and soy protein isolate (SPI)) to the core material crude palm oil (CPO) on the physicochemical characteristics of the CPO microcapsules. Microencapsulation were carried out with ratios of coating material (MD:SPI = 2:1(w/w)) and CPO of 1:1.0, 1:1.2, 1:1.4, and 1:1.6 (w/w). The mixtures were homogenized at 12.000 rpm for 3 minutes and then spray dryed at inlet temperature of 180°C and outlet temperature at 80°C. The CPO microcapsules were analysed for yield, moisture content, solubility, and encapsulation efficiency. The results showed that the formulation ratio of 1:1.6 (w/w) was the best because it had the highest yield (20.12±0.02%), total carotenoids (295.2±0.32 µg/g) and encapsulation efficiency (59.95±1.50%). The best CPO microcapsules had spherical shape and smooth surface with an average size of microcapsules of 1-12 μm. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that microcapsules were in crystalline state with crystallinity and amorphous value of 69.3 and 30.7%, respectively
SIFAT REOLOGI DAN STABILITAS FISIK MINUMAN EMULSI MINYAK SAWIT
Get PDFPalm oil emulsion drink is one of the food diversification product, containing high provitamin-A. The dispersed phase of the emulsion is palm olein, while the rest was water as the dispersion medium (ratio 7:3). The low content of dispersion medium in the emulsion caused the rheological properties, droplet size and distribution, as well as its level of stability to be different from other commercial product of beverage emulsion. This research investigated the effect of storage time on the rheological properties, droplet size distributions and stability of the emulsion. The emulsion morphology was observed by polarized light microscopy, while its size and distribution were analyzed by dynamic light scattering technique using Zetasizer. The rheological analysis, including the determination of the flow behavior and consistency index, were measured using a rotational dial reading viscometer. The results showed that increasing of storage time led to increased droplet size and distribution (d4.3 value from 4.83 to 6.12 µm, value of flow behavior index from 0.9782 to 0.9873, and consistency index from 3.473 to5.047 Pa.sn). However, this condition also caused a decrease in emulsion stability (from 0.880 to 0.823). According to Pearson’s correlation coefficients, the droplet size was negatively correlated with emulsion stability (R = -0.907; α = 0.01). However, the droplet size were positively correlated with the flow behavior index (R = 0.778; α = 0.01) and consistency index (R = 0.939; α = 0.01). These results may help formulate palm oil emulsion drink with improved stability and shelf-life
KARAKTERISTIK TEPUNG TALAS VARIETAS BENTUL DAN SATOIMO HASIL FERMENTASI TERKENDALI DENGAN INOKULUM KOMERSIAL
No full textTaro is one of non-rice carbohydrate sources which is rich in dietary fiber and minerals, mainly potassium, magnesium, calcium, dan phosphorus. The objectives of this research were to obtain taro flour with high amylose content and various pasting properties for different food ingredients through controlled fermentation technology using commercial inoculums. There are two taro varieties studied, namely Bentul and Satoimo. The fermentation time conducted were 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. The commercial inoculums added were NKL, Bimo CF, and Fermipan. The results showed that fermentation of taro with Bimo CF for 48 hours increase the amylose content (66.82% for Bentul variety and 61.08% for Satoimo). The growth of mold contributed to the increase in amylose content. Longer fermentation time increase the breakdown and final viscosity of Bentul taro flour, but decrease the same characteristics in Satoimo flour. Fermented bentul taro flour has amylograph pattern similar to type A, while Satoimo has type C. Fermentation using Bimo CF for 48 hours produced the highest final viscosity in Bentul taro flour (3405 cP) thus it is potential to be used as a filler in products processed at low temperature. Meanwhile Satoimo taro produced flour with lowest breakdown viscosity (0.75 cP), therefore it is potential to be used as a filler in products processed at high temperature
DETERMINATION OF APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUE ON CRYSTALLIZATION AND FRACTIONATION OF COCONUT OIL
Get PDF Each kind of oil has different characteristics and physico-chemical properties. Therefore, cooling method applied during dry fractionation of oil must be specifically designed. Fractionation condition of coconut oil commonly uses the fractionation data of palm oil, soybean oil, butter milk, and other commercial oil. Therefore, a more suitable cooling method for coconut oil needs to be investigated. The study showed that there were three distinct cooling phases critical to crystallization process, i.e. initial cooling, critical cooling and crystallization phase. The initial cooling phase is a process of lowering the rejuvenated oil temperature to the temperature for the onset of oil crystallization. For coconut oil, the onset of crystallization temperature was found at 29°C. The critical cooling phase is cooling from 29°C to the crystallization temperature. Crystallization phase is a phase to maintain the oil temperature constant at a predetermined crystallization temperature. In the initial cooling phase, melted coconut oil might be cooled quickly to save time but in the critical cooling phase, it should be done with a cooling rate of less than 0.176°C/min to produce a physically stable crystal. This study has successfully formulated a typical dry fractionation for coconut oil at pilot plant scale (120 kg) and resulted in an effective cooling procedure to produce oil fractions with physico-chemical properties as expected. The conditions and essential requirements that must be managed and maintained in a dry fractionation stage of coconut oil had been identified and were known. Hence, the fractionation process for specific purposes can be designed in a more practical way
FORMULASI COOKIES SUMBER PROTEIN BERBAHAN TEPUNG KACANG TUNGGAK SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMANFAATAN KOMODITAS LOKAL
No full textInnovation of protein source cookies using local raw material such as cowpea is important for diversification. The objective of the study was to formulate cowpea cookies that meet the protein source claim based on Codex Alimentarius Commissary (CAC) and BPOM regulations. Formulation was determined by linear programming with minimum protein limits of 5 g/100 g for CAC and 12 g/100 g for BPOM. There were 6 formula with one factor, i.e. the proportion of the germinated cowpea flour:wheat flour of 44.58:4.42, 46.58:2.42, 48.58:0.42, 7.60:41.40, 9.60:39.40, and 11.60:37.40. The study was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) and repeated 4 times. The data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by DMRT with 95% confidence level. The best formulation was obtained in cookies made with the proportion of germinated cowpea flour:wheat flour of 48.58 g:0.42 g. Those cookies contained 12.55±0.15% protein, 3.79±0.14% water, 36.18±1.42% fat, 45.09% carbohydrate, had yellow color (L* 61.62±0.42; a* 5.64±0.09; b* 23.52±0.36), 1.35±0.03 N break strength, 583 Kcal calories and 0.25±0.01% sodium. One serving size of the cookies (25 g) was able to meet the %daily value for protein (5.23%), carbohydrate (3.5%), fat (13.5%), and energy (6.5%). The cookies can be qualified as protein source products based on BPOM RI regulation (minimal 12 g/100 g protein) and Codex Alimentarius regulation (minimal 5 g/100 g protein), and complied with SNI quality standard for cookies that require maximum 5% water content and at least 5% protein
DRAGON FRUIT JUICE ADDITION IN PALM OIL-PUMPKIN EMULSION: PANELIST ACCEPTANCE AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY
No full textAddition of dragon juice to emulsion products formulated from olein fraction of red palm oil and pumpkin juice was conducted as an effort to improve the taste thus it can be accepted by consumers. This study aims to (1) observe the acceptance of 60 panelists aged 17-21 years on the parameters of taste, aroma, mouthfeel, color, flavor and aroma of each contributing components of dragon fruit, palm oil, and raspberry flavor with the addition of dragon fruit juice at level 0 (control), 25, 50, and 75% (v/v), and (2) observe the changes in chemical components i.e. vitamin C and total titrable acids, total carotenoid by spectrophotometry, and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) reduction method. The best formula was the one containing 75% (v/v) of red dragon juice in fresh condition with vitamin C content of 19.32±0.62 mg/100 mL, antioxidant activity of 354.25±0.77 ppm, hedonic color, taste, and viscosity between favorable and very favorable. After 2 weeks of storage at room temperature (28±2ºC), the vitamin C, total carotene, and antioxidant activity of the mixture decreased by 29.72, 15.44, and 46.59%, res-pectively
POTENSI EDAMAME SEBAGAI PENGGANTI KUNING TELUR DALAM PEMBUATAN DONAT MENGANDUNG KENTANG
No full textAddition of potato in doughnut will decrease the loaf volume, thus it requires the addition of egg yolk egg as emulsifiers to improve the loaf volume of the doughnut. Egg yolk is known to contain high cholesterol, therefore in this study edamame (Glycine max L. Merill) slurry is used as an egg yolk replacer. Five different proportions of edamame slurry were added to doughnut dough and their influence on the specific volume, porosity, water content, oil absorption, texture of hardness, cohesiveness and springiness were observed. The optimum variable was determined based on highest loaf volume using Response Surface Method (RSM). Factor used for the RSM was the slurry proportion to achieve 7 levels which were then verified. The optimum treatment was the addition of 18.14% of edamame slurry with resulted in 117.53% of loaf volume, 2.92 N of hardness level, 0.83 of cohesiveness level, 4.45 of springiness level, 30.66% of water content, 7.68% of protein, 17.87% of fat, 8.04% of crude fiber, 0.74% of ashes, 43.06% of carbohydrate, and 16.55% of total sugar
KRISTALINITAS DAN KEKERASAN BERAS ANALOG YANG DIHASILKAN DARI PROSES EKSTRUSI PANAS TEPUNG JAGUNG
Get PDFRice analogues are food products made from broken rice and/or any other carbohydrate sources to have similar texture and shape to those of rice. Corn flour can be used as a material to make the rice analogues because it has various amylose contents ranging from low, medium, and high so that it is possible to make the dough with different levels of amylose contents. High temperature extrusion process may change crystallinity of starch (crystal type of A to V and degree of crystallization). Changes in starch crystallinity may influence the physical properties of the rice analogue produced. This research aimed to assess the effect of flour amylose content and temperature of extrusion on the crystallinity and its impact on physical properties of rice analogue. High amylose corn starch and corn flour were mixed at certain ratios to obtain amylose contents of 16.99, 19.35, 21.72, and 24.09%. The dough was made by adding water to the mixed flour to have a moisture content of 40%. The dough was then extruded at temperatures of 70, 80, and 90°C using a twin screw extruder (BEX-DS-2256 Berto). The observed physical properties were type of crystal, degree of crystallinity, and hardness of the rice analogue. The results showed that the increase in extrusion temperatures from 70°C to 90°C increased the degree of crystallinity of the rice analogues from 7.98-11.49% to 12.15-13.61% and hardness from 4.06-4.91 kg to 4.74-8.20 kg. The increase in amylose contents (from 16.99% to 24.09%) enhanced the hardness of the rice analogue from 4.06-4.74 kg to 4.91-8.20 kg but did not show any significant effects on the degree of crystallinity. The degree of crystallinity is positively correlated with the hardness of rice analogue (correlation coefficient r=0.8)
POTENSI HAMBAT PERMEN LUNAK SIRIH DAN PINANG TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM Streptococcus mutans
No full text Betle leaf (Piper betle L.) essential oil and catechu nut (Areca catechu L.) extracts have been known to be able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans. This research aimed to characterize the chemical compounds of betle leaf esssential oil, screen the phytochemicals in catechu nut ethanol extract, and assess the inhibitory potential of betle and catechu in chewy candy on biofilm formation by S. mutans. The experiment included preparation of extracts and chemical characterization of the raw materials, formulation of chewy candy, measurement of biofilm inhibition, and sensory evaluation of the candy. In vitro examination for inhibitory potency of betle and catechu chewy candy against biofilm formation S. mutans ATCC 31987 was performed in adhesion phase (4 hours) and active accumulation phase (18 hours). Antibacterial assay was performed in BHI broth media on microplate 96 wells. Crystal violet 0.5% was used to stain the biofilm and Optical Density (OD) was measured at λ 450 nm. The GC-MS analysis detected 32 compounds in the essential oil of betle leaf. The Betle leaf essential oil contained chavicol acetate, isoeugenol, chavibetol acetate, chavicol, and allylcatechol 3.4-diacetate, while catechu nut ethanol extract contained flavonoids and tannins. The components were possibly the inhibitory agents of S. mutans biofilm formation. Chewy candy containing 0.8% betle leaf essential oil and 2.3% catechu nut extract had effective inhibitory potential for S. mutans biofilm formation. Inhibition during adhesion phase was 74.5±0.7%, while that for accumulation phase was 60.8±1.8%. Sensory analysis suggests that the candy was slightly liked by the panelists (5±2)