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THE RELATIONSHIP OF FE ,ZINK (Zn), and VITAMIN A TO THE NEW STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL’S NUTRIENT STATUS IN OUTSKIRTS OF KUPANG CITY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
The lack of nutrient was happened because of the low of quality and quantity of nutrient supply, and because of infection also. Nutrient supply like vitamin A, Fe, and Zn are the components which influence someone’s nutrient status. The citizen of outskirts city usually identify by poverty. Vitamin A has a role in the mobilization of Fe reserve in human body to synthesize the hemoglobin. Fe and Zn which were given together can absorb well if Fe doses was not more than Zn. The research to new students of elementary school’s nutrient status in NTT Province in general, and in Kupang particularly was rare until now. To know nutrient status of new students of elementary school basically is important to keep up with the development of students’ study process as long as their education period in elementary school. To know the relationship of Zn, Fe, and vitamin A supply to the new students of elementary school’s nutrient status in outskirts of Kupang city, NTT Province. This is a quantity of research with observational design cross-sectional. The research will be done in Kupang City in 2 months. The populations of this research are 3993 students of class one at the elementary school (this populations counted according to the number of class one data on 2013, in Kupang City. It means that all of the elementary students in Kupang City were not included in this account). Minimum sample which was needed in this research were 98 students. To anticipate the drop out students, then needed to add 10%, so the number of sample which was needed in this research are 108 students. To take 108 students was used random sampling technique. The criteria of the sample are: the new elementary school students (not repeat students) on the time of measuring didn’t in sick condition and had not physic difference (hadn’t hunchbacked). Fe supply has a relationship to nutrient status (IMT/U) with p-value less than 0, 05 (p=0,019), Zn supply also point out the relationship to nutrient status (IMT/U) with p-value 0,038, and vitamin A has a relationship to new students of elementary school’s nutrient status with p-value 0, 005. There is a relationship between Fe supply with nutrient status (IMT/U), there is a relationship between Zn supply with nutrient status (IMT/U), there is a relationship between vitamin A supply with nutrient status (IMT/U). to the next researcher, besides measuring Fe supply, pay attention also macronutrient. Education organizer (school) need to pay attention to student’s nutrient problem, because the students who have nutrient problem tend to have problems on their ability to accept subject matter in class
ANALISIS RISIKO LUKA KAKI DIABETIK PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DI POLIKLINIK DIABETES MELITUS DAN PENYAKIT DALAM
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. One complication that often occurs in people with diabetes mellitus is the occurrence of ulcers or sores on the feet. Diabetic foot injuries are an occurrence of infection, ulcer and/or deeper tissue damage associated with neurological and vascular disorders in the limbs of diabetics. This condition will lead to prolonged maintenance time, increased maintenance costs, increased disability rate, decreased quality of life and also increased the risk of death. Diabetic foot injuries can be prevented if detected risk levels from the beginning, but often do not get enough attention due to time constraints in carrying out the assessment. Currently developed a simple and simple screening tool so that handling can be done early to prevent further complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of diabetic foot wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus in Poliklink Diabetes Mellitus General Hospital Prof. Dr. W. Z. Yohannes Kupang. This research is a kind of quantitative research with descriptive study design. The sample of research in diabetes mellitus patients in Diabetes Mellitus Polyclinic General Hospital Prof. Dr. W.Z. Yohannes Kupang as many as 30 people selected by non-random with purposive sampling technique. The results showed that most people with diabetes mellitus have a lower risk of having a diabetic foot ulcer risk, but there is a risk of being even at high risk. Therefore, health education about foot care should still be given and improved so that the prevention of diabetic foot injuries become more optimal. In addition, the provision of information from nurses on the importance of foot screening every year for low-risk, while those at risk are recommended for screening every 6 months and who are at high risk are recommended for screening every 3 months.Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan sekelompok kelainan heterogen yang ditandai adanya kenaikan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada penderita DM adalah terjadinya ulcer atau luka pada kaki. Luka kaki diabetik merupakan kejadian infeksi, ulcer dan atau kerusakan jaringan yang lebih dalam yang terkait dengan gangguan neurologis dan vaskuler pada tungkai penderita DM. Kondisi ini akan menyebabkan memanjangnya waktu perawatan, meningkatnya biaya perawatan, peningkatan angka kecacatan, penurunan kualitas hidup dan juga peningkatan risiko kematian. Luka kaki diabetik ini bisa dicegah jika dideteksi tingkat risikonya sejak awal, namun seringkali tidak mendapat perhatian yang cukup karena keterbatasan waktu dalam melaksanakan pengkajian. Saat ini telah dikembangkan alat skrening yang mudah dan sederhana sehingga penanganan bisa dilakukan lebih awal untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi lanjutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis risiko luka kaki diabetik pada penderita DM di Poli DM RSU Prof. Dr. W. Z. Yohannes Kupang. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan studi deskriptif. Sampel penelitian yaitu penderita DM di Poli DM RSU Prof Dr. W.Z. Yohannes Kupang sebanyak 30 orang yang dipilih secara non random dengan teknik purpossive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penderita DM memiliki resiko rendah untuk mengalami resiko ulkus kaki diabetik, namun ada yang beresiko sedang bahkan beresiko tinggi. Oleh karena itu pendidikan kesehatan tentang perawatan kaki perlu tetap diberikan dan ditingkatkan sehingga pencegahan terjadinya luka kaki diabetik menjadi lebih optimal. Selain itu pemberian informasi dari perawat tentang pentingnya screening kaki setiap tahun bagi yang beresiko rendah, sedangkan yang beresiko sedang direkomendasikan untuk screening setiap 6 bulan dan yang beresiko tinggi direkomendasikan untuk screening setiap 3 bulan
SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS OF AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA : CULICIDAE) TOWARD ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSEKTICIDES IN KUPANG CITY OF EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
Background: Organophosphate insecticides had been used in Kupang City of East Nusa Tenggara Province far before Kupang City was established in 1996. Determination of susceptibility status toward organophosphate insecticides i.e. temephos and malathion in Kupang City have never been conducted. This research purpose is to know Ae. aegypti larva susceptibility status from several villages in Kupang City of East Nusa Tenggara Province toward organophosphate insecticides, particularly temephos and malathion with the biological and biochemical test. Research Method: This is pure experimental research with The Posttest-Only Control Group Design for biological test and non-experimental tests with descriptive and analytical designs for the biochemical test. Material and method of a biological test are referred to test regulation by WHO (1996), whereas biochemical test is referred to Lee’s method (1991). Result: a Biological test using diagnostic dosage reveals that Ae. aegypti larva from several villages being tested has resistant (RR) status toward temephos with an average larva mortality rate of <80% and susceptible (SS) status toward malathion with an average larva mortality rate of >99%. The result of qualitative and quantitative biochemical test shows that 3 villages have tolerant (SR) status with an average score of 2,0-2,5; 5 villages susceptible (SS) status with an average score of <2. The result of the quantitative biochemical test shows that 8 villages have susceptible (SS) status with AV value of <0,700, 5 villages have tolerant (SR) status with AV value of 0,700-0,900 and 2 villages have resistant (RR) status with AV value of >0,900. The statistic analysis with Oneway ANOVA significant 5% rejects the null hypothesis (H0) which means that there has been a status decrease of Ae. aegypti mosquito larva susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides. Conclusion: Temephos insecticide is not relevant anymore to be used, and it is still relevant to use malathion in the Ae. aegypti mosquito control program in several villages in Kupang City of East Nusa Tenggara Province. Research result proves that susceptibility status decrease of tested mosquito larva in a biochemical test is known to be not caused by increasing activity nonspecific of esterase and acetylcholinesterase insensitivity, but may be caused by other the factors that have not been known
KUALITAS AIR MINUM ISI ULANG PADA DEPOT AIR MINUM (DAMIU) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS OEPOI KOTA KUPANG
Water is part of the physical environment that absolutely must exist for the survival of human life, animals, and plants. But other than useful for life, water can also be detrimental in the event of water contamination. Water contamination can occur due to physical contamination, contamination of chemicals in the form of organic and inorganic chemicals and the presence of biological contaminants that have microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, which deviate from the specified standard of health requirements. In recent years the business of refill drinking water has been growing rapidly in several cities in Indonesia including Kota Kupang. Needs the drinking water community continues to increase as population growth, not offset by the availability of clean water available. Refill drinking water is one of the answers to meet the needs of drinking water Indonesian people are cheap and practical. This is the reason why people choose refill drinking water for consumption. This study aims to determine the quality of drinking water at refill drinking water depots (DAMIU) working area of public health center Oepoi Kota Kupang. This type of research is descriptive research, with the research design is cross-sectional study. The population and samples in this study are the drinking water depots located in the working area of the Oepoi community health center determined by the community health center of the working area of 25 Depot refill drinking water (DAMIU). The results showed that the physical qualities of water are eligible ie odorless, tasteless and colorless, while the water quality of the chemical ie the level of hardness also meets the requirements of the average below 500 mg/liter, and the results of the quality of bacteriological is not qualified because there are still 10 (40%) DAMIU water contains coliform bacteria and 5 (20%) DAMIU water contains bacteria e.coli. It is advisable To the owners of DAMIU to pay more attention to hygiene and sanitation during the production process because it is very influential on the quality of drinking water refills produced for example routinely perform cleaning at least once a month and supervision from parties related to being tightened.Air merupakan bagian dari lingkungan fisik yang mutlak harus ada untuk kelangsungan kehidupan manusia, hewan, maupun tumbuhan. Namun selain berguna bagi kehidupan, air juga dapat merugikan apabila terjadi pencemaran pada air. Pencemaran air dapat terjadi karena adanya cemaran secara fisik,cemaran dari bahan-bahan kimia baik berupa bahan kimia organik dan anorganik serta adanya cemaran biologis yang berupa mikroorganisme seperti bakteri pathogen,yang menyimpang dari standar persyaratan kesehatan yang ditentukan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini usaha air minum isi ulang telah berkembang pesat di beberapa kota di Indonesia termasuk Kota Kupang. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan air minum yang terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan penduduk, tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan air bersih yang ada. Air minum isi ulang adalah salah satu jawaban pemenuhan kebutuhan air minum masyarakat Indonesia yang murah dan praktis. Hal ini yang menjadi alasan mengapa masyarakat memilih air minum isi ulang untuk dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air minum pada depot air minum isi ulang (DAMIU) wilayah kerja Puskesmas Oepoi Kota Kupang.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif,dengan desain penelitiannya adalah cross secsional study. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah depot air minum yang terdapat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Oepoi yang ditentukan oleh Puskesmas wilayah kerja yaitu sebanyak 25 Depot air minum isi ulang (DAMIU). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kualitas fisik air memenuhi syarat yaitu tidak berbau,tidak berasa dan tidak berwarna, sedangkan kualitas kimia air yaitu tingkat kesadahan juga memenuhi syarat yaitu rata-rata di bawah 500 mg/liter, serta hasil dari pada kualitas bakteriologisnya tidak memenuhi syarat oleh karena masih terdapat 10 (40%) DAMIU airnya mengandung bakteri coliform dan 5 (20%) DAMIU airnya mengandung bakteri e.coli. Disarankan Kepada para pemilikDAMIU untuk lebih memperhatikan hygiene dan sanitasi pada selama proses produksi karena sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air minum isi ulang yang diproduksi misalnya secara rutin melakukan pembersihan minimal sebulan sekali dan pengawasan dari pihak terkait supaya diperketat
EVALUASI KINERJA LULUSAN KEPERAWATAN KUPANG POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN KUPANG OLEH STAKEHOLDER DI KOTA KUPANG TAHUN 2014
Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry has a very an important role in producing professional prospective nurses in the field. The graduates of Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry are expected not only to have competencies of nursing but also have the professional ethics and mastered information technology so that they can compete with graduates from other medical colleges. For this reason, the Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry conducted an evaluation of its graduate’s performance in order to get input for the implementation of education and learning process so that the qualified graduates can be produced in line with the job market demands. This research is a descriptive study and the sample is the direct supervisors of the graduates from Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who graduated in 2002-2013 and are working in health facilities both public and private in Kupang City. The research variables include the Graduates’ performance with the type of Graduates’ ability adopted from Colleges Accreditation Forms, which are integrity (ethics and moral), science-based expertise (core competencies), English, use of information and technology, communication, teamwork, and self-development. This research is a descriptive study and the sample is the direct supervisors of the graduates from Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who graduated in 2002-2013 and are working in health facilities both public and private in Kupang City. The research variables include the Graduates’ performance with the type of Graduates’ ability adopted from Colleges Accreditation Forms, which are integrity (ethics and moral), science-based expertise (core competencies), English, use of information and technology, communication, teamwork, and self-development. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that: the user feedback on the performance of graduates from Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who worked in Kupang City for the type of Integrity (ethics and moral), science-based expertise/ professionalism and core competencies, communication, use of information and technology, teamwork, and self-development are mainly good, while the English proficiency are mainly adequate. The type of graduates’ performance capabilities that needs to be improved in order to improve the quality of graduates from Nursing Department Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who work in Kupang city is to improve the ability to speak English.Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry has a very an important role in producing professional prospective nurses in the field. The graduates of Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry are expected not only to have competencies of nursing but also have the professional ethics and mastered information technology so that they can compete with graduates from other medical colleges. For this reason, the Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry conducted an evaluation of its graduate’s performance in order to get input for the implementation of education and learning process so that the qualified graduates can be produced in line with the job market demands. This research is a descriptive study and the sample is the direct supervisors of the graduates from Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who graduated in 2002-2013 and are working in health facilities both public and private in Kupang City. The research variables include the Graduates’ performance with the type of Graduates’ ability adopted from Colleges Accreditation Forms, which are integrity (ethics and moral), science-based expertise (core competencies), English, use of information and technology, communication, teamwork, and self-development. This research is a descriptive study and the sample is the direct supervisors of the graduates from Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who graduated in 2002-2013 and are working in health facilities both public and private in Kupang City. The research variables include the Graduates’ performance with the type of Graduates’ ability adopted from Colleges Accreditation Forms, which are integrity (ethics and moral), science-based expertise (core competencies), English, use of information and technology, communication, teamwork, and self-development. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that: the user feedback on the performance of graduates from Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who worked in Kupang City for the type of Integrity (ethics and moral), science-based expertise/ professionalism and core competencies, communication, use of information and technology, teamwork, and self-development are mainly good, while the English proficiency are mainly adequate. The type of graduates’ performance capabilities that needs to be improved in order to improve the quality of graduates from Nursing Department Nursing Department at Kupang Health Polytechnic who work in Kupang city is to improve the ability to speak English
THE ANALYSIS OF CHLORIDE IN ARGENTOMETRY ON DIG WELL WATER IN KUPANG REGENCY OF KUPANG TENGAH DISTRICT OEBELO VILLAGE IN 2014
The allocation of the water wich for human consumption must be of the source have clear and healthy. Limites of the source water is clear and safe it must be free from the chemistry have dangerous and poisonous is fill of minimal standard which fixes by WHO or healthy ministry of RI. Source of the water is benefited by society in the regency of Kupang four orchard village Oebelo is digging well. Beside as a tool, it is also used to be needed for salt production. This manner can be results of raising as consequence presence chloride from five results production salts which have can be blackened of dig well water by a citizen is using as source clear water to everyday needed. The aim of this research is to know a degree of chloride on dig well of water in the regency of Kupang four orchard village Oebelo. Measuring of the degree be does by Argentometry method of Mohr. According to descriptive of a result of the data analysis and appealing with Permenkes RI number 492/menkes /PER /IV /2014 about the rules of qualities water s maximum degree of chloride which is permitted in drinks water is 250 mg/L. The result of this research sample A degree of chloride 249,18 mg/L, sample B degree of chloride is 491,34 mg/L, sample C degree of chloride is 425,24 mg/L, sample D degree of chloride 173,14 mg/L and the last sample E degree of chloride is 261,46 mg/L. Three of five sample which has researched is sample B, sample C, and sample E does not fill the rules of qualities drink waters
THE RELATIONSHIP OF FE ,ZINK (Zn), and VITAMIN A TO THE NEW STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL’S NUTRIENT STATUS IN OUTSKIRTS OF KUPANG CITY, NTT PROVINCE
The lack of nutrient was happened because of the low of quality and quantity of nutrient supply, and because of infection also. Nutrient supply like vitamin A, Fe, and Zn are the components which influence someone’s nutrient status. The citizen of outskirts city usually identifies by poverty. Vitamin A has a role in the mobilization of Fe reserve in a human body to synthesize the hemoglobin. Fe and Zn which were given together can absorb well if Fe doses were not more than Zn. The research to new students of elementary school’s nutrient status in NTT Province in general, and in Kupang particularly was rare until now. To know the nutrient status of new students of elementary school basically is important to keep up with the development of students’ study process as long as their education period in elementary school. To know the relationship of Zn, Fe, and vitamin A supply to the new students of elementary school’s nutrient status in outskirts of Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This is a quantity of research with observational design cross-sectional. The research will be done in Kupang City in 2 months. The populations of this research are 3993 students of class one at the elementary school (this population counted accordingto the number of class one data on 2013, in Kupang City. It means that all of the elementary students in Kupang City were not included in this account). The minimum sample which was needed in this research were 98 students. To anticipate the dropout students, then needed to add 10%, so the number of a sample which was needed in this research are 108 students. To take 108 students was used random sampling technique. The criteria of the sample are: the new elementary school students (not repeat students) on the time of measuring didn’t in sick condition and had not a physic difference (hadn’t hunchbacked).Fe supply has a relationship to nutrient status (IMT/U) with a p-value less than 0, 05 (p=0,019), Zn supply also point out the relationship to nutrient status (IMT/U) with p-value 0,038, and vitamin A has a relationship with new students of elementary school’s nutrient status with p-value 0, 005. There is a relationship between Fe supply with nutrient status (IMT/U), there is a relationship between Zn supply with nutrient status (IMT/U), there is a relationshipbetween vitamin A supply with nutrient status (IMT/U). to the next researcher, beside measuring Fe supply, pay attention also macronutrient. Education organizer (school) need to pay attention to student’s nutrient problem because the students who have a nutrient problem tend to have problems in their ability to accept subject matter in class
THE AUTONOMY OF FAMILY IN CARING ITS MEMBER WITH TB AT KAWANGU’S HEALTH CENTER, EAST SUMBA – AN ETHNOGRAPHY
Introduction: Family’s involvement is getting bigger if one of its member needs continuous help due to their health problem. Family as the closest person has the important role in determining the success of TB’s treatment. This study aimed to know family’s autonomy in taking care of its member with TB. Methode: Qualitative method with ethnography approach was used. 15 participants. Data were collected by using an interview, FGD, field note, and observation. The result of interviewed has been analyzed with content analysis method. Result: the result showed 7 themes such as 1frame of reference, 2frame of experience, 3sources of support, 4kinds of support, 5stressor, 6coping mechanism, and 7stigma. The autonomy level of the family was in the lowest category. Conclusion: Family’s perception about TB described the lack of knowledge about the concept of TB, etiology, transmission, and prevention of TB in the family. The family supported their member but minimum sources belong to the family caused minimum support also. Having a member with TB and the length of TB’s treatment became a stressor to the family. The family used adaptive and maladaptive mechanism. Social label and stigma in the community made the patient and their family felt isolated and unconsciously causes the formation of isolating TB patient in the family
DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN PERILAKU PERAWATAN DIRI PENYANDANG DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
The success of self - care behaviors in type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients influenced by various factors, one of them is social support. This study aims to identify the relationship between social support and self-care behavior in type 2 diabetes patients. This research used cross-sectional design, recruited 112 type 2diabetes patients in Hospital A in Jakarta. The questionnaire used in this study including Social Support for Self Care in Middle-Aged Diabetes (S4-MAD), Summary Diabetes Self Care Activity (SDSCA), Diabetes Knowledge (DKN) Scale dan The Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES. The result showed there was the significant correlation between social support and self-care behavior (p-value=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed social support was the most predictor after controlling by self-efficacy (p-value = 0.004). Improving social support can be achieved by involving family member as the support system. Additionally, encouraging type 2 diabetes patients joined up in the social group (PERSADIA), could be better since they gain more information about diabetes will result in improved self.The success of self - care behaviors in type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients influenced by various factors, one of them is social support. This study aims to identify the relationship between social support and self-care behavior in type 2 diabetes patients. This research used cross-sectional design, recruited 112 type 2diabetes patients in Hospital A in Jakarta. The questionnaire used in this study including Social Support for Self Care in Middle-Aged Diabetes (S4-MAD), Summary Diabetes Self Care Activity (SDSCA), Diabetes Knowledge (DKN) Scale dan The Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES. The result showed there was the significant correlation between social support and self-care behavior (p-value=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed social support was the most predictor after controlling by self-efficacy (p-value = 0.004). Improving social support can be achieved by involving family member as the support system. Additionally, encouraging type 2 diabetes patients joined up in the social group (PERSADIA), could be better since they gain more information about diabetes will result in improved self
EFEK PEMBERIAN OBAT ANESTESI INHALASI SEVOFLURAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN FREKUENSI NADI INTRA ANESTESI DI KAMAR OPERASI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH UMBU RARA MEHA WAIGAPU
Background: Anaesthesia represents the important shares in surgery action. Anesthesia consisted of by some types, wrong of anesthesia inhalation which in this time have a lot of wore. Its drug all kinds of, worn at this research is sevoflurane. To take care of the security and patient safety, during gift of anesthesia of patient circumstance need in monitoring. The matter which needs in monitoring changes hemodynamic one of them is that is a change of frequency Nadi. Hence from that this research aims to know the gift effect medicine the anesthesia sevoflurane to frequency Nadi.
Method: This Research represents analytic of observational use the approach of cross-sectional. Sample taken by purposive is the sampling of a patient using anesthesia of inhalation sevoflurane after sample fulfills the criterion of inclusion and ekklesia. At this research take 25 subjects and analyzed to use the independent test.
Result of research: From research data, got by the result of value p of an independent unit, assess the p of at phase of frequency Nadi of early, phase induce and phase intubasi is 0,04; 0,00; 0,02, for the phase of insisting of at minute 5, minute of 10 and minute 5 is 0,02; 0,0; 0,03. This result indicates that the value p < 0,05 were the result significant or there are difference having a meaning of statistically.
Conclude the research: anesthesia of Inhalasi sevoflurane give the influence to change of frequency Nadi and good and also stabilize the frequency Nadi in its use during surgery