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Simultaneous Factors Affecting Toddler Nutritional Status
No full textThe province with the highest percentage of malnutrition among children aged 0-59 months in 2018 was East Nusa Tenggara. The number of toddlers experiencing malnutrition in the Feapoi Health Center area, Rote Ndao district, fluctuated from 2013 to 2017 ranging from 3-12 cases. In 2020, data on 31 toddlers were malnourished and 7 were malnourished based on body weight divided by age (W/W). Efforts made by the Rote Ndao government to reduce stunting and malnutrition are education, routinely providing Supplementary Feeding (PMT), but the incidence of malnutrition and stunting is still high. The study was conducted to analyze the simultaneous factors that affect the nutritional status of toddlers in the Feapoi Health Center area, Rote Ndao Regency. This type of research is quantitative, the design is case control. The research sample consisted of 38 well-nourished toddlers and 38 undernourished toddlers. The research instrument was a questionnaire and a Healthy Towards Card. Univariate data analysis was descriptive, bivariate analysis used Chi Square with a significant level of 5% (α = 0.05), multivariate with multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the factors that simultaneously affected the nutritional status of toddlers in the Feapoi health center, Rote Ndao district were a history of low birth weight (p = 0.014, OR 0.109, 95% CI: 0.18-0.638), and toddlers with exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.000, OR 0.063, 95% CI 0.18-0.215). It is recommended for further research on health promotion efforts for pregnant women to reduce the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and increase exclusive breastfeeding.The province with the highest percentage of malnutrition among children aged 0-59 months in 2018 was East Nusa Tenggara. The number of toddlers experiencing malnutrition in the Feapoi Health Center area, Rote Ndao district, fluctuated from 2013 to 2017 ranging from 3-12 cases. In 2020, data on 31 toddlers were malnourished and 7 were malnourished based on body weight divided by age (W/W). Efforts made by the Rote Ndao government to reduce stunting and malnutrition are education, routinely providing Supplementary Feeding (PMT), but the incidence of malnutrition and stunting is still high. The study was conducted to analyze the simultaneous factors that affect the nutritional status of toddlers in the Feapoi Health Center area, Rote Ndao Regency. This type of research is quantitative, the design is case control. The research sample consisted of 38 well-nourished toddlers and 38 undernourished toddlers. The research instrument was a questionnaire and a Healthy Towards Card. Univariate data analysis was descriptive, bivariate analysis used Chi Square with a significant level of 5% (α = 0.05), multivariate with multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the factors that simultaneously affected the nutritional status of toddlers in the Feapoi health center, Rote Ndao district were a history of low birth weight (p = 0.014, OR 0.109, 95% CI: 0.18-0.638), and toddlers with exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.000, OR 0.063, 95% CI 0.18-0.215). It is recommended for further research on health promotion efforts for pregnant women to reduce the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and increase exclusive breastfeeding
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungus Isolates of Mangrove Fruit (Sonneratia alba) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli
No full textEndophytic fungi live and associate in plant tissues and have a mutualistic relationship. Endophytic fungi produce various compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids which are the same as secondary metabolites from their host plants. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolates against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The type of research is pre-experimental design, one shoot case study. The methods used are isolation, identification and agar diffusion. The pieces of mangrove fruit were disinfected and then cultured on SDA media to grow endophytic fungi isolates. The isolates were cultured repeatedly until pure isolates were obtained. The test of isolate activity against antibacterial was determined by the agar diffusion method with the test material of 2 isolates of endophytic fungi on Nutrient Agar (NA) media. The results showed that the mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) produced two isolates of endophytic fungi that could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was concluded that the mangrove fruit culture produced 2 isolates, which are isolate 1 Aspergillus niger and isolate 2 Aspergillus flavus. Isolate 1 and isolate 2 had the potential as antibacterial against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Isolate 2 was more effective than isolate 1 in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It is recommended to test the pharmacological and microbiological activity of the findings of isolates 1 and 2 in vivo.Endophytic fungi live and associate in plant tissues and have a mutualistic relationship. Endophytic fungi produce various compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids which are the same as secondary metabolites from their host plants. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolates against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The type of research is pre-experimental design, one shoot case study. The methods used are isolation, identification and agar diffusion. The pieces of mangrove fruit were disinfected and then cultured on SDA media to grow endophytic fungi isolates. The isolates were cultured repeatedly until pure isolates were obtained. The test of isolate activity against antibacterial was determined by the agar diffusion method with the test material of 2 isolates of endophytic fungi on Nutrient Agar (NA) media. The results showed that the mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) produced two isolates of endophytic fungi that could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was concluded that the mangrove fruit culture produced 2 isolates, which are isolate 1 Aspergillus niger and isolate 2 Aspergillus flavus. Isolate 1 and isolate 2 had the potential as antibacterial against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Isolate 2 was more effective than isolate 1 in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It is recommended to test the pharmacological and microbiological activity of the findings of isolates 1 and 2 in vivo
Medication Error at the Prescribing Phase
No full textMedication errors are accidental failures in a therapeutic process that lead to and have the potential to cause or harm the patient. Medication errors can endanger patient safety, inconvenience and economic burdens. Medication errors can occur at the prescribing, recording, issuing, and administering stages. Reducing the risk of medication errors is a shared responsibility among patients, healthcare professionals, regulators and the pharmaceutical industry at all levels of healthcare delivery. This research is a quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population taken was 912 prescriptions written by general practitioners at the PKU Muhammadiyah Cepu Hospital in March-May 2019. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, which was total sampling. The instrument used in this study was an observation sheet, then the collected data were processed by editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating stages which were then concluded descriptively. The results showed that the incidence of drug prescribing errors in inpatients at PKU Muhammadiyah Cepu Hospital in March 2019 found that all written prescriptions were 100% administratively incomplete. The incidence of prescription medication errors, especially the doctor\u27s name, was 65.9%, the doctor\u27s practice license number was 100%, the date of the prescription was 48.9%, the sign of R/70.9%, the doctor\u27s initial 48.7% and the patient\u27s address 97.4%. Incomplete administrative prescription writing can result in medication errors that are detrimental to health and add to the economic burden of patients.Medication errors are accidental failures in a therapeutic process that lead to and have the potential to cause or harm the patient. Medication errors can endanger patient safety, inconvenience and economic burdens. Medication errors can occur at the prescribing, recording, issuing, and administering stages. Reducing the risk of medication errors is a shared responsibility among patients, healthcare professionals, regulators and the pharmaceutical industry at all levels of healthcare delivery. This research is a quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population taken was 912 prescriptions written by general practitioners at the PKU Muhammadiyah Cepu Hospital in March-May 2019. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, which was total sampling. The instrument used in this study was an observation sheet, then the collected data were processed by editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating stages which were then concluded descriptively. The results showed that the incidence of drug prescribing errors in inpatients at PKU Muhammadiyah Cepu Hospital in March 2019 found that all written prescriptions were 100% administratively incomplete. The incidence of prescription medication errors, especially the doctor\u27s name, was 65.9%, the doctor\u27s practice license number was 100%, the date of the prescription was 48.9%, the sign of R/70.9%, the doctor\u27s initial 48.7% and the patient\u27s address 97.4%. Incomplete administrative prescription writing can result in medication errors that are detrimental to health and add to the economic burden of patients
Factors Influencing Poor Postnatal Care in Sangihe Regency
No full textPostpartum mothers from the first day of childbirth up to six weeks will undergo changes both physically and psychologically making intensive care indispensable. Conditions in which the postpartum mother does not get the correct and timely postnatal care lead to postpartum complications that can cause death. The objective of the study is to identify factors related to poor postnatal care in Sangihe Regency, North Sulawesi. This research was a correlation cross-sectional study. The population was postpartum mothers in the working area of The Kuma Health Center of Sangihe Regency. In this study, researchers sampled 62 respondents. The variables included age, culture, mode of delivery, support, and knowledge. The relationship between age, culture, mode of delivery, support, and knowledge with poor postnatal care was measured less using the chi-square test. In contrast, the determinants of poor postnatal care were identified employing logistics regression. The results showed that factors influencing poor postnatal care were age, culture, mode of delivery, support, and knowledge. Mode of delivery was discovered as the most dominant variable influencing poor postnatal care. This research concluded that age, culture, mode of delivery, support and knowledge had a correlation with poor postnatal care, and the most dominant variable was the mode of delivery. Researcher hopes that these findings could help health workers and local governments to direct appropriate postpartum care, especially other postnatal care requiring further research.Postpartum mothers from the first day of childbirth up to six weeks will undergo changes both physically and psychologically making intensive care indispensable. Conditions in which the postpartum mother does not get the correct and timely postnatal care lead to postpartum complications that can cause death. The objective of the study is to identify factors related to poor postnatal care in Sangihe Regency, North Sulawesi. This research was a correlation cross-sectional study. The population was postpartum mothers in the working area of The Kuma Health Center of Sangihe Regency. In this study, researchers sampled 62 respondents. The variables included age, culture, mode of delivery, support, and knowledge. The relationship between age, culture, mode of delivery, support, and knowledge with poor postnatal care was measured less using the chi-square test. In contrast, the determinants of poor postnatal care were identified employing logistics regression. The results showed that factors influencing poor postnatal care were age, culture, mode of delivery, support, and knowledge. Mode of delivery was discovered as the most dominant variable influencing poor postnatal care. This research concluded that age, culture, mode of delivery, support and knowledge had a correlation with poor postnatal care, and the most dominant variable was the mode of delivery. Researcher hopes that these findings could help health workers and local governments to direct appropriate postpartum care, especially other postnatal care requiring further research
The Influence of Perceptions of Social Support and Family Health Tasks on HIV/AIDS Prevention Behavior in Adolescents
No full textAdolescents are physically and psychologically vulnerable to the transmission of HIV/AIDS, so that they become the focus of the population for disease prevention programs. This study aims to determine the effect of perceptions of social support and family health tasks on HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in adolescents in Baros Village, Serang, Banten. This study employed a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 345 adolescents who were at risk of HIV/AIDS in Baros Village, Serang, Banten. Sampling from each class administering stratified sampling method. Researchers reproduced research questionnaires with an offline system which had previously been examined for the validity and reliability of a number of samples that have been calculated. Furthermore, for research questionnaires with an online system, distribution is conducted via a link from the google form. The chi-square test was administered to examine HIV/AIDS prevention behavior variables. A logistic regression test was used to see the most influential factors on HIV/AIDS prevention behavior. The results revealed a relationship between gender and family health tasks in recognizing HIV/AIDS prevention behavior problems in adolescents in Baros Village, Serang, Banten, with a p-value <0.05. The factor that most influenced HIV/AIDS prevention behavior was the family health task in recognizing problems with a p-value of 0.007 <0.05 with the largest OR value obtained, which is 1.978. Therefore, families should improve their ability to conduct health tasks in communicating and directing adolescents in HIV/AIDS prevention behavior.Adolescents are physically and psychologically vulnerable to the transmission of HIV/AIDS, so that they become the focus of the population for disease prevention programs. This study aims to determine the effect of perceptions of social support and family health tasks on HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in adolescents in Baros Village, Serang, Banten. This study employed a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 345 adolescents who were at risk of HIV/AIDS in Baros Village, Serang, Banten. Sampling from each class administering stratified sampling method. Researchers reproduced research questionnaires with an offline system which had previously been examined for the validity and reliability of a number of samples that have been calculated. Furthermore, for research questionnaires with an online system, distribution is conducted via a link from the google form. The chi-square test was administered to examine HIV/AIDS prevention behavior variables. A logistic regression test was used to see the most influential factors on HIV/AIDS prevention behavior. The results revealed a relationship between gender and family health tasks in recognizing HIV/AIDS prevention behavior problems in adolescents in Baros Village, Serang, Banten, with a p-value <0.05. The factor that most influenced HIV/AIDS prevention behavior was the family health task in recognizing problems with a p-value of 0.007 <0.05 with the largest OR value obtained, which is 1.978. Therefore, families should improve their ability to conduct health tasks in communicating and directing adolescents in HIV/AIDS prevention behavior
Exercise Program: Tai Chi and Cognitive Stimulation to Improve Health Status of Elderly in Nursing Homes
No full textThe structure of the aging population reflects the higher average life expectancy, which possesses an impact on the emergence of degenerative non-communicable diseases. Promotive effort through an exercise program (tai-chi exercise and cognitive stimulation) is required for the elderly to enhance their physical and mental health. This study aims to determine an overview of the exercise program\u27s effectiveness on the health status of the elderly in nursing homes. The research method administered Quasi experiment with a control group design. The sample was the elderly who live in nursing homes. This study employed simple random sampling with a total sample of 116 people in 2 provinces: DKI Jakarta and South Sumatra Province. The statistical test utilized a t-test and multiple linear regression test. The results revealed that there was a difference in the average value of the health status of the elderly before and after the exercise programs in the intervention group (p-value = 0.001), there was a difference in the average value of the health status of the elderly between the intervention group and the control group after the exercise intervention program (p-value = 0.001), there was a relationship between the length of stay in the orphanage on the health status of the elderly. Recommendation: the resulting exercise program can be employed as complementary therapies replicated more extensively in various health care settings.The structure of the aging population reflects the higher average life expectancy, which possesses an impact on the emergence of degenerative non-communicable diseases. Promotive effort through an exercise program (tai-chi exercise and cognitive stimulation) is required for the elderly to enhance their physical and mental health. This study aims to determine an overview of the exercise program\u27s effectiveness on the health status of the elderly in nursing homes. The research method administered Quasi experiment with a control group design. The sample was the elderly who live in nursing homes. This study employed simple random sampling with a total sample of 116 people in 2 provinces: DKI Jakarta and South Sumatra Province. The statistical test utilized a t-test and multiple linear regression test. The results revealed that there was a difference in the average value of the health status of the elderly before and after the exercise programs in the intervention group (p-value = 0.001), there was a difference in the average value of the health status of the elderly between the intervention group and the control group after the exercise intervention program (p-value = 0.001), there was a relationship between the length of stay in the orphanage on the health status of the elderly. Recommendation: the resulting exercise program can be employed as complementary therapies replicated more extensively in various health care settings
Survival of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Base on Comorbidity of Cardiovascular Disease in Persahabatan Central General Hospital 2015-2019
No full textChronic kidney disease is the progressive loss of kidney function over months or years. The significant increase in new cases of chronic kidney disease is in line with the increasing number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as kidney replacement therapy in an effort to survive. Comorbid cardiovascular disease is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality with chronic kidney disease. The study was conducted to determine the survival of hemodialysis patients in the group with comorbid cardiovascular disease and the group without comorbid cardiovascular disease. This study used a retrospective cohort design. The location of this study was conducted at Persahabatan Central Public Hospital, DKI Jakarta, and used secondary data from the hospital information system data from 2015 to 2019. The variables significantly related to the survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with comorbid cardiovascular disease were age, complications of anemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The age variable has a p-value of 0.029 with an HR of 1.54 (95% CI OR 1.043-2.262). The anemia variable has a p-value of 0.013 with an HR of 1.60 (95% CI 1.117-2.515). The diabetes mellitus variable has a p-value of 0.000 with HR2.71 (95% CI 1.780-4.11). The hypertension variable has a p-value of 0.004 with HR1.79 (95% CI 1.208-2.646). In conclusion, patients undergoing hemodialysis with comorbid cardiovascular disease have a risk of death of 0.76 times compared to patients undergoing hemodialysis with the comorbid non-cardiovascular disease. This study\u27s internal validity was not good due to selection bias and non-differential misclassification information bias. Thus, the results of this study cannot be generalized.Chronic kidney disease is the progressive loss of kidney function over months or years. The significant increase in new cases of chronic kidney disease is in line with the increasing number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as kidney replacement therapy in an effort to survive. Comorbid cardiovascular disease is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality with chronic kidney disease. The study was conducted to determine the survival of hemodialysis patients in the group with comorbid cardiovascular disease and the group without comorbid cardiovascular disease. This study used a retrospective cohort design. The location of this study was conducted at Persahabatan Central Public Hospital, DKI Jakarta, and used secondary data from the hospital information system data from 2015 to 2019. The variables significantly related to the survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with comorbid cardiovascular disease were age, complications of anemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The age variable has a p-value of 0.029 with an HR of 1.54 (95% CI OR 1.043-2.262). The anemia variable has a p-value of 0.013 with an HR of 1.60 (95% CI 1.117-2.515). The diabetes mellitus variable has a p-value of 0.000 with HR2.71 (95% CI 1.780-4.11). The hypertension variable has a p-value of 0.004 with HR1.79 (95% CI 1.208-2.646). In conclusion, patients undergoing hemodialysis with comorbid cardiovascular disease have a risk of death of 0.76 times compared to patients undergoing hemodialysis with the comorbid non-cardiovascular disease. This study\u27s internal validity was not good due to selection bias and non-differential misclassification information bias. Thus, the results of this study cannot be generalized
Finger Exoskeleton in Simple Motor Rehabilitation Therapy on Arm and Hand Muscle Ability of Post-Stroke Sufferers
No full textPost-stroke sufferers will generally experience weakness on one side of the body, balance, vision, sensory, motor, and cognitive. In West Kalimantan, the estimated stroke sufferer in 2013 was 25,195 people. Based on data from the Public Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak shows a significant increase from January 2018 to December 2018 totaling 722 people. The research objective was to assess the effectiveness of the finger exoskeleton tool in simple motor therapy on the ability of the client\u27s arm and hand muscles after a stroke. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. Pre-test and Post-test Nonequivalent Control Group with two groups, which were the control group of 12 people and the intervention group of 12 people with finger exoskeleton tools. The statistical test used was the independent t test and paired t test. Measurement of muscle ability with the Action Research Arm Test. Analysis of the difference in total scores between before and after treatment in the intervention group using Paired T-Test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p value <0.05) and in the control group using the Wilcoxon test a p-value of 0.016 (p value <0.05). It shows that there is a significant difference in the total score between before and after finger exoskeleton therapy and range of motion. Intervention of finger exoskeleton assistive devices in simple motor rehabilitation therapy is effective in increasing the ability of the client\u27s arm and hand muscles after stroke. It is recommended to make another finger rehabilitation tool with a more optimal design according to the parameters, which are the severity of the client after stroke, subject kinematics, control of movement torque and adaptation between the subject and the robotic device used.Post-stroke sufferers will generally experience weakness on one side of the body, balance, vision, sensory, motor, and cognitive. In West Kalimantan, the estimated stroke sufferer in 2013 was 25,195 people. Based on data from the Public Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak shows a significant increase from January 2018 to December 2018 totaling 722 people. The research objective was to assess the effectiveness of the finger exoskeleton tool in simple motor therapy on the ability of the client\u27s arm and hand muscles after a stroke. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. Pre-test and Post-test Nonequivalent Control Group with two groups, which were the control group of 12 people and the intervention group of 12 people with finger exoskeleton tools. The statistical test used was the independent t test and paired t test. Measurement of muscle ability with the Action Research Arm Test. Analysis of the difference in total scores between before and after treatment in the intervention group using Paired T-Test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p value <0.05) and in the control group using the Wilcoxon test a p-value of 0.016 (p value <0.05). It shows that there is a significant difference in the total score between before and after finger exoskeleton therapy and range of motion. Intervention of finger exoskeleton assistive devices in simple motor rehabilitation therapy is effective in increasing the ability of the client\u27s arm and hand muscles after stroke. It is recommended to make another finger rehabilitation tool with a more optimal design according to the parameters, which are the severity of the client after stroke, subject kinematics, control of movement torque and adaptation between the subject and the robotic device used
Anti-Cholesterolemic Activity of Mulberry (Morus australis Poir) Ethanol Extract in Increasing HDL Levels and Inhibiting Formation of Foam Cells on Rat
No full textMulberry leaves are one of the medicinal plants empirically used by people to reduce cholesterol levels. Previous study found that mulberry leaves contain flavonoids, act as cholesterol-lowering and tannins function to inhibit the absorption of food, including fat in the GI tract. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of mulberry leaf ethanol extract on increased HDL levels and to determine the inhibition of the formation of foam cells in male Wistar strain rats given the atherogenic diet. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, which were normal group, negative control, positive control, and three groups of mulberry leaf extract at a dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/200g BW rats, respectively. The HDL levels were measured pre- and post- treatment on days 0, 28, 35 and 42. The results showed that the most effective dose augmenting the HDL as well as inhibited the formation of aortic wall foam cell was the ethanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/200 g BW. In conclusion, mulberry leaves ethanolic extract have the potency to be developed as a natural cholesterol-lowering agent.Mulberry leaves are one of the medicinal plants empirically used by people to reduce cholesterol levels. Previous study found that mulberry leaves contain flavonoids, act as cholesterol-lowering and tannins function to inhibit the absorption of food, including fat in the GI tract. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of mulberry leaf ethanol extract on increased HDL levels and to determine the inhibition of the formation of foam cells in male Wistar strain rats given the atherogenic diet. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, which were normal group, negative control, positive control, and three groups of mulberry leaf extract at a dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/200g BW rats, respectively. The HDL levels were measured pre- and post- treatment on days 0, 28, 35 and 42. The results showed that the most effective dose augmenting the HDL as well as inhibited the formation of aortic wall foam cell was the ethanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/200 g BW. In conclusion, mulberry leaves ethanolic extract have the potency to be developed as a natural cholesterol-lowering agent
The Effectiveness of Chocolate in Reducing the Number of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonies in Rattus norvegicus
No full textChocolate has long been understood to provide positive emotions and a good mood if consumed in moderation. Chocolate contains prebiotics naturally from its constituent ingredients produced during the production process. Prebiotics, frequently oligosaccharides, are substances which cannot be metabolized by the human digestive system but can be employed by a group of bacteria in the gut, understood as probiotics. The positive relationship among them provides benefits for the host in eliminating pathogens. One of the well-known pathogens which frequently cause infection either in the community or in hospitals is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Since it was first identified in 1960, MRSA has caused health problems until today. Research conducted on two groups of Rattus norvegicus infected with MRSA and then fed chocolate revealed a decrease in the average number of bacterial colonies on the skin compared to the control group. In the group fed chocolate at a dose of 50 mg/day, the bacterial colonies decreased to 1.28 x 108 CFU/cm2 in 7 days, lower than in the control group (1.46 x 108 CFU/cm2) at the same time. While those fed 75 mg/day chocolate decreased to 2.70 x 107 CFU/cm2 and the three groups were significantly different (0.000<0.05). Prebiotics fermented by probiotics release short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which compete with the pathogens for attaching to the epithelial wall so that pathogens lose space and nutrients to survive. However, the adverse effect of chocolate may occur because it contains sugar which is a nutrient for bacteria, but if the balance of normal flora and adequate intake of prebiotics are administered, the pathogen could be eliminated.Chocolate has long been understood to provide positive emotions and a good mood if consumed in moderation. Chocolate contains prebiotics naturally from its constituent ingredients produced during the production process. Prebiotics, frequently oligosaccharides, are substances which cannot be metabolized by the human digestive system but can be employed by a group of bacteria in the gut, understood as probiotics. The positive relationship among them provides benefits for the host in eliminating pathogens. One of the well-known pathogens which frequently cause infection either in the community or in hospitals is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Since it was first identified in 1960, MRSA has caused health problems until today. Research conducted on two groups of Rattus norvegicus infected with MRSA and then fed chocolate revealed a decrease in the average number of bacterial colonies on the skin compared to the control group. In the group fed chocolate at a dose of 50 mg/day, the bacterial colonies decreased to 1.28 x 108 CFU/cm2 in 7 days, lower than in the control group (1.46 x 108 CFU/cm2) at the same time. While those fed 75 mg/day chocolate decreased to 2.70 x 107 CFU/cm2 and the three groups were significantly different (0.000<0.05). Prebiotics fermented by probiotics release short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which compete with the pathogens for attaching to the epithelial wall so that pathogens lose space and nutrients to survive. However, the adverse effect of chocolate may occur because it contains sugar which is a nutrient for bacteria, but if the balance of normal flora and adequate intake of prebiotics are administered, the pathogen could be eliminated