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Development of Spray Made From Kelakai Leaves (Stenochlaena palustris) and Effectiveness in the Healing of Perineal Wounds
No full textThe prognosis or possible diagnosis in postpartum mothers with perineal suture wounds is the possibility of infection of perenium suture wounds. Kelakai leaf plants are plants that contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and tripenoids. This study aims to innovate and develop perineal wound medicine using kelakai leaf spray and analyze its effectiveness based on REEDA scale indicators (redness,edema, ecchymosis, discharge, approximation). This study uses a quantitative method with a Reseach and development approach. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with a type of purposive sampling selecting 34 respondents, who are divided directly between the two groups. The intervention group received treatment of perineal wounds for 7 days with kelakai leaf spray and education on how to treat perineal wounds, while the control group received treatment with placebo spray and education on how to treat perineal wounds. The spray is administered four times a day with a dose of four sprays. Wound healing was measured by the REEDA Scale on days 3, 5, and 7. A tool to measure hb levels with digital hb, to measure protein intake, calorie intake, and fe intake using food recall. Data analysis includes Friedman and Mann Whitney as well as Stratification. The results showed that there was a difference in the average healing of perineal wounds at the observation time between the intervention group and the control group (p=0.000). On average, the difference in perineal wound healing using the REEDA scale showed a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (p=0.000). A value of 3.2 is considered a relatively large measure of effect. The irritation test obtained results that did not cause irritation, In conclusion, the developed Kelakai leaf spray was effective in helping to accelerate the healing of perineal wounds, as evidenced by the difference in the mean healing time of perineal wounds with the SIGINFIC REEDA scale in postpartum mothers in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.000)
Type of Occupation and Smoking Behavior: A Multinomial Analysis of Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia
No full textSmoking remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with occupation playing a key role in shaping smoking behavior. This study investigated how occupational type affects smoking behavior among Indonesian adults. This study was using data from the 2021 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), which included 9,155 respondents. The dependent variable was smoking behavior (daily smoker, non-daily smoker, or never smoker), and the main independent variable was occupational type. Control variables included age, gender, education level, and place of residence. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that 25.47% of adults were daily smokers, 5.95% were non-daily smokers, and 68.57% were never smokers. Most participants were unemployed (47.67%), indoors workers (15.03%), outdoors (32.90%), or in both settings (4.40%). Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between smoking behavior and type of occupation, gender, education, place of residence, and age. Daily smoking was more common among men, individuals with lower education, rural residents, and outdoor workers. Multivariate analysis indicated that outdoor workers were significantly more likely to smoke daily than indoor workers (OR = 1.36–1.96). Compared with unemployed individuals, those occupation indoors, outdoors, and in both environments were 1.82, 2.87, and 2.94 times more likely to smoke daily, respectively. These findings suggest that employment, especially outdoor employment, is strongly associated with daily smoking. Targeted smoking prevention programs should prioritize outdoor workers, men, rural residents, and those with lower education levels
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Delivery by Caesarean Section of the Vietnamese Population: A Cross-sectional study
No full textThe rising trend of caesarean deliveries in Vietnam, influenced by various social and demographic factors, has raised public health policy concerns as many procedures are performed without clear medical indications. This study seeks to explore the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the likelihood of caesarean section deliveries within the Vietnamese population. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2020–2021, which utilized a two-stage stratified cluster sampling method to ensure national representativeness. The analysis focused on 1,049 women aged 15–49 who had at least one child. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression to examine associations between socio-demographic factors and caesarean section deliveries. Based on data from 1,343 Vietnamese women, this study found that 32.84% of deliveries were by caesarean section (CS). Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between CS and factors such as maternal age, education, residence, wealth, and place of delivery. However, multivariate logistic regression revealed that only maternal age, household wealth, and place of delivery remained significant predictors. Older women and those from wealthier households had higher odds of CS, while births at commune health centers were less likely to involve CS. Education level and rural residence were not independently associated with CS after adjustment
The Effects of Screen Time on Early Childhood Development: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textThe effects of screen time on young children warrant greater attention, particularly as screen use has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Excessive screen exposure in early childhood reduces opportunities for adequate stimulation and limits children’s engagement with their physical and social environments. When children do not receive sufficient developmental stimulation during this critical period, optimal brain development may be affected, potentially leading to delays or disorders across various developmental domains. This review aimed to further examine the negative impact of screen time on early childhood development. Guided by the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using the keywords “screen time” and “child development” for articles published between 2021 and 2025. A total of 15 studies met the eligibility criteria. The findings consistently show that excessive screen time negatively affects several aspects of early childhood development, including motor, speech-language, cognitive, and social-emotional domains. The review also underscores the critical role of parents in regulating children’s screen use to mitigate these risks. In conclusion, excessive screen media exposure diminishes developmental stimulation and increases the likelihood of developmental delays; therefore, active parental involvement in managing screen time is essential to promote healthy child development
Contribution of Household Sanitation to Acute Respiratory Infection Symptoms Among Children: Analysis of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey
No full textAcute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain one of the primary causes of mortality among children under 5 in Indonesia, and poor inadequate drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions can exacerbated the transmission of respiratory pathogens. However, their association with ARIs in Indonesia remains underreported. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of these sanitation conditions to ARI symptoms in children under five in Indonesia. This research method was cross-sectional quantitative design study based on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), based on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), which was the most recent available at the time of the study. The determined sample consisted all toddlers aged 0-59 months, from women aged 15-49 years. The weighted sample that met the inclusion criteria (children aged 0-59 months, living with their parents, willing to answer questions) and exclusion criteria (missing data and "don\u27t know" answers) consisted of 16,681 observations. Independent variables included sanitation infrastructure, mother’s education, wealth index, and residential location. The dependent variable was reported ARI symptoms in 2 weeks prior to the interview by their mother. Data were analyzed using CI 95% logistic regression to determine associations, and pathway analysis was conducted to explore the direct and indirect relationships among variables. Poor toilet facilities [OR: 1.80, CI: 1.46-2,27] increased the risk of ARI symptom, meanwhile treated water before consumption reduce the risk [OR:0.63, CI:0.51-0.77]. Long travel distances to clean water aslo were found as factor that increased the risk of ARI symptoms [OR:2.31, CI:0.65-3.02]. Indirect factors such as low mother’s education, low wealth index, and rural residency, also contributed to ARI symptoms in children. In conclusion, inadequate household sanitation significantly contribute to ARI symptoms in children under five in Indonesia. These findings underscore the need for improved sanitation infrastructure and targeted health interventions in vulnerable communities.
Integration of Health Information Systems in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of Quality, Performance, and Competency Evaluation
No full textPersistent challenges in health workforce planning, distribution, and performance management remain prevalent in developing countries, largely due to fragmented and underutilized human resource data systems. Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) have emerged as a strategic tool to support evidence-based decision-making and strengthen health workforce governance. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) synthesizes empirical evidence published between 2015 and 2024 on the role of HRIS in enhancing strategic health workforce management in developing countries, with the objectives of identifying key Information System (IS) evaluation models, examining the relationship between system quality and individual performance, exploring the integration of competency planning and Person–Job Fit (P–J Fit), and highlighting critical research gaps. A systematic review of 20 peer-reviewed studies was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, encompassing system design foundations, adoption processes, interoperability challenges, and workforce-related outcomes in healthcare settings. The findings indicate that HRIS functions as a strategic enabler for decentralized management, evidence-based workforce planning, and performance improvement; however, its effectiveness is constrained by persistent interoperability barriers, fragmented data architectures, and the absence of internationally standardized workforce data. In conclusion, maximizing the strategic value of HRIS requires a dual emphasis on data standardization and organizational readiness, while future research should integrate behavioral theories with IS success frameworks, assess long-term HRIS impacts, and foster international collaboration to establish unified health workforce data standards that support policy coherence and digital health transformation in the public sector
Implementation of Stress Management to Decrease Blood Glucose Level of People with Diabetes Mellitus
No full textChronic hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be worsened by prolonged physical and emotional stress, which increases stress hormones like cortisol and raises blood glucose levels. Effective stress management is therefore essential to prevent glucose fluctuations and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications. Techniques such as deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and hypnosis have been shown to lower stress hormones, enhance endorphin release, and improve glycemic control. This study aimed to measure patients\u27 blood sugar levels before and after administering stress management interventions, including deep breathing relaxation techniques and five-finger hypnosis. The study method used a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach, without a control group, was used. A total of 61 DM patients from the Diabetes Center in Ternate City were recruited through simple random sampling. The intervention consisted of deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and five-finger hypnosis. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention. Data analysis involved paired t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation tests. The results showed that the mean blood glucose level decreased from 215.75 mg/dL to 209.62 mg/dL following the intervention, with a mean difference of -6.13 mg/dL. However, this reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.0593; α = 0.05). It was concluded that there was a decrease in blood glucose levels after the intervention, although the difference was not statistically significant. The application of this study suggests that stress management techniques such as deep breathing, relaxation, and five-finger hypnosis may provide benefits in managing stress. Further studies using controlled designs and larger sample sizes are recommended
Reaching the \u27New Normal\u27: A Wish for Breast Cancer Patients in Palliative Care
No full textMore than 80% of breast cancer patients in Indonesia who are diagnosed are at an advanced stage. Advanced cancer treatment is directed at palliative care from the beginning of diagnosis. Patients undergoing palliative care must adjust to the changing needs that occur during palliative care in line with the decline in the condition of the disease and the impact of its treatment. It can affect changes in the patient\u27s daily life patterns. This study was conducted to explore the unmet needs of breast cancer patients during palliative care in the context of the culture and healthcare system in Indonesia. This study utilized a descriptive qualitative phenomenological method. In-depth interviews with semi-structured interview guidelines were conducted on 14 breast cancer patients undergoing palliative care. The thematic analysis uses the Colaizzi approach. The results of this study obtained three specific themes of unmet needs in the study participants: 1) the need to achieve the \u27New Normal\u27 to return to activities with enthusiasm and hope, 2) the need for appreciation and recognition, and 3) Support to overcome the fear of death and the uncertainty of the future. Breast cancer patients want to return to their activities with enthusiasm and hope despite facing physical limitations and emotional challenges. In conclusion, achieving the \u27New Normal\u27 is an important aspect of this adjustment process, which involves physical, emotional, social, and spiritual support. This finding differs from previous research, where other publications did not explicitly mention the need to achieve the \u27New Normal\u27. Therefore, the role of nurses in addressing unmet needs, both in the context of the \u27New Normal\u27 and more generally, is crucial in palliative care for breast cancer patients. This support enhances the patient\u27s quality of life and gives greater meaning to the remainder of their lives.
Distribution and Pattern of Dengue Fever Cases in Bandung City, 2023, Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis Approach
No full textDengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a significant health concern, categorised as a neglected tropical disease that requires substantial attention due to its high Case Fatality Rate (CFR) and associated mortality, especially in outbreak situations. DHF results from the dengue virus, categorised within group B of Arthropod-Borne Viruses (Arboviruses). The Bandung City Health Office reported 5,205 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever in 2022 consisting of 2,646 (51%) male and 2,559 (49%) female patients. This study employs spatial analysis to chart the distribution of DHF cases, allowing for an assessment of potential spatial autocorrelation of DHF within the Bandung City region. This study on autocorrelation employed a retrospective cohort research design. This study focused on the incidence rates of DHF as reported by the Bandung City Health Office, with the analysis encompassing 30 sub-districts within Bandung City. The technique employed for sampling was total sampling. The independent variable in this investigation is the occurrence of DHF. The Moran I Index was employed in the spatial analysis to examine the distribution pattern of the variable. DHF incidence in 30 sub-districts of Bandung City is clustered with a Moran index value of 0.120934 in the interval 0 ≤ I ≤ 1, indicating positive spatial autocorrelation. The p-value of 0.001585 is smaller than the α value (5%), indicating statistical significance. The spatial pattern of DHF incidence is clustered, and there is autocorrelation between sub-districts in Bandung City in 2023. The distribution of DHF cases in Bandung City in 2023 is clustered. Scientific studies in the form of spatial analyses are recommended to be conducted in DHF endemic areas on a regular basis because they can provide basic information to support effective prevention and control of DHF cases
Factors Associated with Miscarriages and Abortions among Women of Reproductive Age in Kyrgyzstan: An Analysis of the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey 2023
No full textReproductive health, including miscarriages and abortions, remains a critical public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Kyrgyzstan, where access to quality health services is limited, particularly in rural areas. Unsafe abortions contribute significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality, while miscarriages can have physical, emotional, and social consequences for women. This study aims to explore factors associated with miscarriages and abortions among women of reproductive age in Kyrgyzstan. This study used secondary data from Kyrgyzstan’s Multiple Indicator Survey (MICS) 2023, which provides comprehensive data on health, education, and living conditions. The survey focused on women aged 15–49 who had experienced miscarriage or abortion, analyzing factors such as age, marital status, education, and wealth index. Data analysis was performed using binary logistic regression with STATA software to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with miscarriage and abortion. The finding of this study were 11.47% of women experienced miscarriage and 6.45% experienced abortion, with most participants aged 30-39, married, with a junior high school education, residing in rural areas, and belonging to the Kyrgyz ethnic group. Factors linked to miscarriage included age, marital status, rural residency, Russian ethnicity, and wealth level, while factors associated with abortion included age, marital status, rural residence, and certain wealth levels (second, middle, and fourth). The study suggests prioritizing reproductive health education and support for women, especially those in rural areas and with lower to middle income, to help reduce the risks of miscarriage and abortion