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Effectiveness of Effleurage Massage in Reducing Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Pregnant Women Aged 20–35 Years in Gorontalo
No full textHypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) remain a major contributor to maternal mortality, particularly due to complications such as preeclampsia and eclampsia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 585,000 maternal deaths occur annually, with more than half related to HDP. This study aimed to analyze the effect of effleurage massage on blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant women in Gorontalo City, Indonesia. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was applied. Sixty pregnant women aged 20–39 years, with gestational age 20–36 weeks and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, were recruited through purposive sampling. Participants received effleurage massage on the upper body for 20 minutes daily over five consecutive days. Blood pressure was measured before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. The results showed significant reductions in mean systolic blood pressure (from 146.9 ± 3.7 to 132.0 ± 4.0 mmHg; p = 0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (from 88.3 ± 4.0 to 77.6 ± 4.1 mmHg; p = 0.000). Effleurage massage demonstrated a consistent lowering effect across all participants. This non-pharmacological intervention may serve as a safe complementary approach to antenatal care for mild HDP. Future randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm its efficacy and to explore maternal–fetal outcomes
Factors Affecting Tuberculosis in Asia: A Literature Review
No full textTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Asia, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and HIV/AIDS substantially contribute to the regional TB burden, while multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to challenge TB control efforts. This study aimed to identify key factors associated with the high prevalence of TB in Asia and to highlight the need for integrated prevention and treatment strategies. A quasi-systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA-based screening procedures. Peer-reviewed articles and official health reports published between 2015 and 2024 were systematically searched and assessed. After screening and eligibility evaluation, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The results revealed consistent patterns indicating that diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of TB and worsens treatment outcomes, particularly in countries such as Indonesia, while HIV infection remains a major driver of active TB cases in Thailand and other high-burden settings. MDR-TB emerged as a critical regional threat, primarily associated with delayed diagnosis, limited laboratory capacity, shortages of trained healthcare personnel, and weak surveillance systems. Additionally, socioeconomic inequalities and inadequate healthcare infrastructure were recurrently identified as major barriers to effective TB control. In conclusion, reducing the TB burden in Asia requires a multifaceted and integrated approach addressing medical, social, economic, and health system factors. Strengthening diagnostic capacity, improving data reporting consistency, and enhancing regional collaboration are essential to achieving global TB elimination targets
Nuptiality of Ageing Population Affect the Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study
No full textThe phenomenon of increasing numbers of elderly people is a demographic challenge that has a wide impact, especially on their physical, mental, social and economic health. This study aims to trace changes in marital status and its relationship to the incidence of depression in the elderly in Indonesia. This study used secondary longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5, with elderly respondents aged >60 years who had complete data on marital status, depression, and other covariates. The dependent variable is depression which assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). The main independent variable was changes in marital status, accompanied by control variables such as age, gender, place of residence, and religion. Data were analyzed in a wide format using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square and t-test), and binary logistic regression. The findings of this study showed that 9.07% of elderly people experienced depression at the time of the follow-up study. The changes in marital status, age, and place of residence were significantly related to depression, while gender and religion did not show a significant relationship. Elderly who changed their marital status from married to divorced/separated/widowed/widower had a lower risk of depression, higher age decreased the likelihood of depression, while living in rural areas increased the risk. Gender and religion were not significantly associated with the incidence of depression. Interventions such as psychosocial support and mental health-based programs that take into account factors such as changes in marital status, age, and place of residence are needed
The Level of Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) in the Umbilical Cord in Preeclampsia and its Correlation with Blood Pressure and Baby’s Birth Weight
No full textSoluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) is one of the markers that plays a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This study aimed to analyze the levels of umbilical cord sFlt-1 in relation to blood pressure and birth weight in babies on preeclamptic mothers. The study employed an analytical cross-sectional observational design. The sample size for this study consists of 33 participants. The levels of umbilical cord sFlt-1 were examined using the ELISA method. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to determine the differences in sFlt-1 levels, blood pressure, and birth weight. Spearman\u27s rank correlation test was used to determine the correlation between sFlt-1 levels and blood pressure and birth weight. The sFlt-1 examination results indicated a significant difference between the preeclampsia and normal pregnancy groups. The mean sFlt-1 level in the preeclampsia group was 10.693 ng/mL (SD ±6.535 ng/mL), whereas in the normal pregnancy group, it was 3.572 ng/mL (SD ±1.225 ng/mL). This difference suggests that sFlt-1 levels are significantly higher in mothers with preeclampsia compared to those with normal pregnancies. This finding is consistent with the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, which involves endothelial dysfunction and an increase in anti-angiogenic factors such as sFlt-1.
Irritation Test of Cream Preparations Made from Purple Cabbage Extract Against Healthy Skin Using The Path Test Method
No full textTesting for skin irritation caused by new substances is a critical component of safety evaluation procedures. Pharmaceutical formulations and active ingredients intended for topical application have the potential to cause skin irritation, necessitating thorough safety assessments prior to public distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the primary irritation potential of a purple cabbage extract cream using the patch test method on healthy older adults. The experimental research involved 18 volunteers, who were administered 0.625% purple cabbage extract cream and a placebo preparation without the test substance. The test materials were applied twice daily over a period of 72 hours. Observations were conducted at baseline (0 hours) and at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-application. The degree of skin irritation was then calculated based on the recorded data. The results indicated a primary irritation index of 0.1, suggesting that the purple cabbage extract cream did not cause skin irritation. It can be concluded that the purple cabbage extract cream is safe for skin application in the tested population. Future research should explore the effects of purple cabbage cream on different skin locations, as skin sensitivity can vary across different areas of the body
Analysis of Consistency The REEDA Scale in Healing Second-Degree Perineal Lacerations
No full textMany studies of perineal wounds use the redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation (REEDA) scale as a healing assessment tool. Still, this tool has not become part of the standard of care in postpartum women with perineal lacerations due to the lack of evidence of its validity. This study aimed to analyze the consistency of the REEDA scale in healing perineal wounds of postpartum women. The method uses an observational study using the interrater reliability test for the REEDA tool on perineal wound healing in postpartum women with second-degree perineal lacerations, 11 women were recruited using consecutive sampling. Lacerations were observed by researchers, and midwives were trained on days 1, 3, and 7 postpartum. Cohen\u27s kappa coefficient test was used to test the consistency of the REEDA scale. The results shows that the fair and excellent agreement on the redness item with kappa (0.57-1.00), agreement on the edema item showed good and excellent results (0.61-0.84), fair and good agreement on the ecchymosis item (0.51- 0.73), good and excellent agreement on discharge items (0.79 -1.00). On the approximation item (0.62–1.00), agreement improved to excellent at the final assessment. In the third evaluation, the scoring of all items showed good or excellent agreement between the raters. The conclusion is the overall assessment shows that the application of the REEDA scale is reliable because it shows consistency; namely, there are no more values with low agreement on the seventh day of the postpartum period
Phoenix Dactylifera Accelerates Duration The Active Phase of The First Stage of Labor: A Quasi Experiment
No full textCases of prolonged labor in women in the world are still quite high. Inadequate uterine contractions are the main cause of complications in women\u27s deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Phoenix Dactylifera on the length of labor in the active phase of the first stage. This research was carried out through a Quasi-Experimental design Quasi-Experimental. The 60 participants were divided into 2 groups, the intervention group (30 participants) and control (30 participants) at the Kediri Regency Health Center. Sampling uses simple random sampling. The intervention group was given 70 grams of phoenix dactylifera fruit daily from 37 weeks of gestation until labor, while the control group was given standard care. The results of the Paired t-test, the average length of labor in the first stage of the active phase in the intervension group (m=90.57, SD=56.507) p-value 0.000, and the control group (m= 271.33, SD=151.361) p-value 0.100. The difference in the average of the two groups is tested using an independent t-test. The difference in mean length of labor in the first stage of the active phase posttest in the intervention vs. the control group (m=90.57, SD=56.507vs m=271.33, SD=151.361) p-value 0.000. The difference in length of labor in the first stage of the active phase in the two groups was 180.76 minutes/ (3 hours 36 minutes). The Phoenix Dactylifera can shorten duration of the active phase of labor in the first stage of labor. It is recommended for health workers to give phoenix Dactylifera at the right dose to pregnant women in the third trimester to increase stamina during pregnancy and good uterine contractions.
The Reappearance of Menstruation After Childbirth Associated with Contraceptive Use Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kyrgyzstan
No full textThe return of menstruation after childbirth is an important aspect of women\u27s reproductive health, especially in the context of contraceptive use. This study aims to explore how the return of menstruation after childbirth is closely connected to contraceptive use, with various factors such as age, marital status, region, place of residence, education level, ethnicity, and wealth index in Kyrgyzstan playing a role. This study employed secondary data from the Kyrgyzstan 2023 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), focusing on women of reproductive age (15-49 years). The analysis utilized a final sample of 1.059 women and applied binary logistic regression to examine the relationship between contraceptive use and the return of menstruation after childbirth while controlling for factors such as age, marital status, region, education level, ethnicity, and wealth index. The study found that among 1.059 women who had given birth, 30.88% were using contraceptive methods, and 64.68% experienced the return of menstruation post-childbirth. The multivariate analysis indicates that menstrual return after giving birth, having marital status formerly married/in union, in Naryn, Talas, and Chui region, and having the richest wealth index significantly influence contraceptive use among women of reproductive age. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive sexual health education, improved healthcare services, and targeted communication strategies to increase contraceptive use in the region.
Association Between Menstruation Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Gender Norms Among Female Adolescents in Rural Nigeria: Analysis of AGILE-IE 2023
No full textDespite heightened global focus on menstrual health and gender equality, adolescent girls in rural Nigeria still encounter significant deficiencies in knowledge and attitudes. Misinformation and cultural taboos regarding menstruation perpetuate negative gender norms, thereby constraining the empowerment and participation of girls. This study examines the relationship between adolescent girls\u27 menstrual knowledge and their attitudes toward gender norms in rural areas of three northern Nigerian states. This is a cross-sectional study that utilized secondary data from the World Bank’s AGILE Impact Evaluation 2023, with a sample of 8,188 in-school adolescent girls aged 15–20 from Kaduna, Kano, and Katsina States in northern Nigeria. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between knowledge of menstruation and gender attitudes, controlling for religion, state, place of residence, and boarding school attendance. Good menstrual knowledge was found to be very poor among the adolescent girls (2.80%), and their gender attitudes were also abysmal (96.91%). Adolescent girls possessing good menstrual knowledge demonstrated an almost twofold likelihood of exhibiting positive gender attitudes (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.13–3.51, p = 0.018). Muslim adolescents, as well as those residing in Kano and Katsina states, exhibited a notable decrease in the likelihood of possessing progressive gender attitudes. Urban residency correlated with improved gender attitudes, whereas attendance at boarding schools exhibited no notable impact. Poor understanding of menstruation is linked to poor gender attitudes among female adolescents in rural northern Nigeria. Integrating menstrual health education programs with sensitization about gender norms is essential for enhancing girls\u27 empowerment and addressing discriminatory norms. Therefore, policies must consider sociocultural and religious influences that shape adolescent gender ideologies
Dietary Patterns as Determinants of Ferritin Status in Adolescent Girls
No full textIron deficiency, commonly indicated by low ferritin concentrations, remains a major nutritional problem among adolescent girls and poses risks to growth, cognitive development, and long-term health. While previous studies have largely focused on single nutrients or iron intake, evidence on the relationship between overall dietary patterns and ferritin status among Indonesian adolescents is limited. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns and ferritin status among adolescent girls in Pekalongan, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 adolescent girls aged 15–19 years. Serum ferritin levels were measured using ELISA, and dietary patterns were derived using pattern-based dietary assessment. Age, nutrition knowledge, body mass index, physical activity, and hemoglobin concentration were also examined as potential correlates. Dietary pattern was significantly associated with ferritin status, with poorer dietary patterns linked to lower ferritin concentrations. In contrast, no significant associations were observed for body mass index, physical activity, hemoglobin levels, or other individual characteristics, suggesting that overall dietary quality may play a more prominent role in iron stores than single anthropometric or behavioral factors. Given the cross-sectional design and modest sample size, causal inference and generalizability are limited. Nevertheless, the findings highlight the potential value of improving dietary quality through adolescent-focused nutrition education and school-based nutrition strategies to support iron status and reduce the risk of iron deficiency in this population