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Abdominal Circumference as A Predictor of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Young Women
No full textObesity is becoming one of the main factors in the increase in non-communicable diseases globally. In Indonesia, the prevalence of central obesity at 15 years and over continues to increase. The increase in visceral fat is related to abnormal metabolisms, such as a decrease in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, causing an increase in blood sugar levels, a risk factor for diabetes. To predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the abdominal circumference is a better predictor than BMI against type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the relationship between abdominal circumference to blood sugar levels in young women. This research is an observational analytical study using the cross-section method. Sampling in this study used a consecutive sample, which was taken based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in the population. The overall subjects of the study amounted to 70 respondents. The results showed a meaningful relationship between the abdominal circumference and fasting blood sugar levels (p = 0.000) with a moderate correlation (r = 0.440) and a significant relationship between abdominal circumference to blood sugar levels 2 hours after glucose loading (p = 0.030) with a weak correlation (r = 0.259). This study concluded that there is a relationship between abdominal circumference and blood sugar levels using an oral glucose tolerance test in young women. As a recommendation, young women should maintain their lifestyle and keep their abdominal circumference not exceeding 80 centimeters to prevent diabetes.
Efektivitas Jus Kacang Kedelai Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Remaja Puteri
No full textThe highest percentage of anemia occurs among adolescent girls, and one of the efforts to overcome such problem is iron supplementation along with iron-rich foods from animal sources such as red meat and marine products, as well as vegetable sources such as nuts. Soybean is a kind of iron-rich food which contains 8.0/100 g of iron. This study aims to observe the increase in hemoglobin levels after the administration of soybean juice among adolescent girls. This was a pre-experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest design. The populations consisted of 133 adolescent girls of VII and VIII graders with a sample size of 35 respondents who were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The respondents were given 250 ml of soybean juice for 21 consecutive days every morning. On the twenty-second day, the Hb levels of respondents were re-assessed (post-test). The blood sample taken was a capillary blood at the fingertip. The statistical test applied the Paired T-Test. The results revealed that hemoglobin levels of respondents who were given soybean juice increased by 12.06 g/dl with a difference of 1.62 g/dl. This study concluded that 250 ml soybean juice had an effect on the hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls. Adolescents are recommended to regularly consume iron-rich foods and beverages with various kinds of preparations such as soybean juice. Jumlah anemia terbesar terjadi pada remaja perempuan, dan salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yakni perlunya suplemen zat besi, dan makanan sumber zat besi yakni sumber hewani seperti daging merah, produk laut dan sumber nabati seperti kacang-kacangan. Kacang kedelai merupakan sumber makanan yang memiliki kandungan gizi lengkap dimana memiliki kandungan zat besi 8,0/100 gr. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat peningkatan kadar Hb setelah diberikan intervensi jus kedelai pada remaja perempuan. Metode penelitian: Pre eksperiment dengan rancangan pre test-post test. Populasi remaja putri kelas VII dan VIII berjumlah 133 orang dengan sampel 35 orang diberikan jus kedelai, dengan teknik purposive sampling. Uji Statistik yang digunakan ialah Uji Paired T Test. Hasil penelitian: Kadar Hb responden yang diberikan jus kacang kedelai meningkat sebesar 12,06 gr/dl dengan selisih 1,62 gr/dl. Kesimpulan: Jus kedelai 250 ml berpengaruh terhadap jumlah hemoglobin remaja putri. Disarankan bagi remaja untuk rutin dan teratur mengkonsumsi makanan dan minuman yang kandungan zat besinya tinggi seperti kedelai dengan berbagai macam olaha
Pesticide Exposure and Increased Liver Enzyme Activity among Suburban Horticultural
No full textHorticultural farmers use chemicals such as pesticides to increase productivity and product quality. Exposure to pesticides can cause health problems, especially in the liver. A reference for evaluating liver function is blood test results for ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT activity. This study aimed to characterize the transaminase enzyme activity in horticultural farmers in the southern ring road area of Jambi City based on the risk factors associated with pesticide exposure. This study employed a cross-sectional study approach in conjunction with a descriptive method. Thirty-four participants were involved, and blood samples were obtained from each for analysis in a lab. A photometer was utilized in the Medical Laboratory Technology department at Health Polytechnic of Jambi to measure the activity of liver enzymes. This study found some respondents who experienced increased enzyme activity, namely ALT: 8 people (23.5%), AST: 3 people (8.8%), ALP: 1 person (2.9%), and GGT: 1 person (2.9%.). Based on the risk description observed, it was known that the intensity of pesticide exposure showed a significant increase only in ALT enzyme activity (p=0.0048), while adherence to mask-wearing increased ALT (p=0.0018) and GGT (p=0.0134). This study discovered that wearing a mask and the amount of pesticide exposure can increase enzyme activity, which may indicate liver impairment in the horticultural farmers under observation. Workers are expected to pay greater attention to workplace safety by wearing masks and applying pesticides in the recommended dosages
The Factors Associated with Outpatient Re-Visits at RSJ Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang
No full textThe number of people with disorders is gradually increasing from one year to the next. In Indonesia, the estimated number of people with mental illness is around 450,000 with a severe mental illness where 31.5% of people with mental illness are shackled by their families and 15% do not seek any medical treatment. Patients with mental disorders are in a state of mindset and emotions that are unstable, so the role of the family is needed to help people with self-care activities. According to Andersen, there are three factors that impact health service utilization. Factors that influence include predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that are associated with re-visiting outpatients at Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang Mental Hospital. The research method is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study approach. The research sample was the family who accompanied the patient to make an outpatient re-visit with a total of 400 respondents. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The data analysis used in this study was the Chi-Square test. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p-value: 0.006), attitude (p-value: 0.000), income (p-value: 0.032), family support (p-value: 0.00), and information support (p-value: 0.003) with the re-visit of outpatients at Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang Mental Hospital. Predisposing factors and enabling factors are both associated with re-visiting outpatients at Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang Mental Hospital. Future researchers are hoped to study other aspects such as hospital health service system components and need factors that may be associated to recurrent visits of mental illness patients by utilizing a more comprehensive questionnaire to acquire better information.
Assessing Interventions for Declining Childhood Immunization Dropout - A Systematic Review
No full textChildhood routine immunization is a critical stage to ensure the health of infants and protect against serious diseases. Therefore, adequate strategies are urgently needed to increase childhood immunization coverage to prevent global disease and death. This review has identified the effect of interventions to increase immunization coverage among children in developing countries. A review included published studies from 2013 to 2023 on randomized controlled trials (RCT) and pre-post intervention that met eligible criteria. All included studies had been conducted in English-published articles on Pub Med and Google Scholar, without being limited to geographical sites. A total of 1107 published articles were accessed and 12 final eligible articles were reviewed. 66.67% of the included studies were conducted in Africa, 16.67% in South East Asia countries, and others were conducted in East Asia and America. These studies demonstrated that different interventions (SMS and call reminders, sticker reminders, immunization education, home-based records, and community-centered) had significant increases in immunization coverage for childhood compared to the control group with standard care or without any interventions. The present findings suggest that interventions including implementing SMS and call reminders, sticker reminders, education both from health workers and local leaders, and home-based records can potentially reduce immunization dropout. However, strategies to improve coverage for immunization uptake should also be considered preferred community-based to extend the marginal groups
Cytotoxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate Solution to Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
No full textImmunoglobulin A (IgA) is a crucial antibody originating in mucosal lymphoid tissue, actively distributed across the epithelium. It plays a vital role in binding to and neutralizing microbes that threaten organisms through mucosal organs, thereby contributing to mucosal or secretory immunity. This research aims to determine the Cytotoxicity of Sodium Bicarbonate Solution to Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. The research method used to investigate the safety and efficacy of various sodium bicarbonate concentrations, we conducted a laboratory experimental study utilizing a post-test-only control group design. Sodium bicarbonate solutions with concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3.5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were tested. The results of the study using analysis through ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD revealed that solutions with concentrations of 20%, 15%, and 10% exhibited comparable non-toxicity to fibroblast cells, as they shared the same column. In contrast, concentrations of 7%, 3.5%, 2%, and 1% were found to have toxicity levels that exceeded the IC50 threshold. Further examination using the Tukey HSD test showed that the 2% and 3.5% concentration groups did not show significant differences. In conclusion, the Sodium bicarbonate solutions with concentrations of 7%, 3.5%, 2%, and 1% are not toxic to fibroblast cells and can be used as a basis for further research applications based on sodium bicarbonate materials. It is recommended for future studies to conduct further examinations with different concentrations
Community and School-Based Surveys of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Samosir Island, Indonesia
No full textSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common in tropical and sub-tropical regions where they can have substantial local public health impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STH infection in the community and children aged 6 to 11 years attending government-run schools in the Simanindo sub-district of Samosir Island. In total, 314 individuals in the community and 187 children aged 6 to 11 years attending government schools were invited to provide a fecal sample. All fecal samples were examined microscopically using the Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence of STH infection in the community was 46.8% (147/314). Infections were caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (n=52), followed by Trichuris trichiura (n=48), and hookworms (n=26). The prevalence of STH infection in school-age children was 4.8% in 2023. All infections in this cohort were due to T. trichiura. Even though the MDA program effectively controls A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections in school children, the problem of controlling T. trichiura infection remains. Therefore, selective treatment after fecal sample examination is needed to prevent T. trichiura infection and the potential for infection-associated anemia. Health education focusing on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation is still important for preventing STH infections. The suggestion is a new community-based survey with random sampling is necessary to ensure the present prevalence of STH in the community
The Effect of Visual Media Education in the Management Therapy on the Level of Knowledge of Patients Diabetes Mellitus with Comorbid
No full textDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or both and is often accompanied by increased blood pressure. One of the drug-related problems that are frequently encountered is patient non-compliance in taking drugs. This can occur due to a lack of knowledge about managing pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, making therapeutic outcomes difficult. This study aims to determine the effect of visual media education on managing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment on the level of knowledge of type 2 DM patients with comorbid hypertension. This type of research is quasi-experimental, with pretest and posttest designs without a control group design. The research sample is the age group that has the age of 18-68 years, as many as 123 people using Purposive Sampling. The results showed that the level of knowledge before being given education was in a good category (4.81%), sufficient (42.29%), and less (52.90%). After being given education visual media, there was an increase in knowledge results for the good (74.25%), sufficient (18.14%) and poor (7.61%) categories. The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis obtained a p-value (0.000) < (0.005), which means that there is an effect of visual media education on the level of knowledge of type 2 DM patients with comorbid hypertension. Through the results of this study, it is hoped that pharmacists can provide ongoing educational counselling to chronic disease patients receiving polypharmacy to prevent drug-related problems
Persistence of Antibody Response Against SARS-CoV-2 After Vaccination
No full textSARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the disease known as COVID-19. COVID-19 is spreading very fast around the world. One of the immune responses that play a role in against SARS-CoV-2 infection is the production of antibodies, which is 3 weeks after infection. Where within 3 weeks after infection, antibodies will be produced against RBD and the S1 and S2 domains in glycoprotein S and nucleocapsid protein N. The ability of an antibody to inhibit viral infection is determined by its level or titer. This study aims to determine the description of antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. This type of research is descriptive research. Measurement of antibody levels for SRBD SARS-CoV-2 was carried out using the CLIA method using the MAGLUMI tool. Of the 30 respondents, 23 people had received the third vaccine. The results of this study showed that the average level of SRBD antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in respondents with 2 doses of vaccine (1.063,786 BAU/mL) was higher than in respondents with 3 doses of vaccine (535.651 BAU/mL). Vaccine intervals of more than 6 months (908.338 BAU/mL) have higher antibody levels than respondents with vaccine intervals of 1-6 months (228.006 BAU/mL). The conclusion of this study is the highest antibody titers are produced >6 months after vaccination, antibody titers are still detectable after 12 months of vaccination, and for further research, it can be measured antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 from people who have got vaccination for a duration of 2 years or more
Use of Artificial Intelligence in Early Warning Score in Critical ill Patients: Scoping Review
No full textEarly Warning Score (EWS) systems can identify critical patients through the application of artificial intelligence (AI). Physiological parameters like blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate are encompassed in the EWS. One of AI\u27s advantages is its capacity to recognize high-risk individuals who need emergency medical attention because they are at risk of organ failure, heart attack, or even death. The objective of this study is to review the body of research on the use of AI in EWS to accurately predict patients who will become critical. The analysis model of Arksey and O\u27Malley is employed in this study. Electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and SpringerLink were utilized in a methodical search. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA SR) guidelines were utilized in the creation and selection of the literature. This analysis included a total of 14 articles. This article summarizes the findings on several aspects: the usefulness of AI algorithms in EWS for critical patients, types of AI algorithm models, and the accuracy of AI in predicting the quality of life of patients in EWS. The results of this review show that the integration of AI into EWS can increase accuracy in predicting patients in critical condition, including cardiac arrest, sepsis, and ARDS events that cause inhalation until the patient dies. The AI models that are often used are machine learning and deep learning models because they are considered to perform better and achieve high accuracy. The importance of further research is to identify the application of AI with EWS in critical care patients by adding laboratory result parameters and pain scales to increase prediction accuracy to obtain optimal results