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The Effect of Sub-Acute Inhalation Exposure to Polyethylene Micro-Nano Plastics on the Histopathological Features of the Mammary Glands in Female Wistar White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
No full textMost household appliances are made of plastic derived from synthetic petroleum and result from polymerization processes. One type of plastic is Polyethylene (PE). Polyethylene (PE) contains antimony trioxide compounds that are carcinogenic if ingested in excessive amounts, triggering cancer and oxidative stress. This effect can be assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the body. This study aims to determine the proliferation of abnormal cells in the lactiferous ducts and mammary gland acini, as well as the increase in MDA levels. The research method used is a true experimental design with a Randomized Post Test Only Group Design. This study used the mammary organs and blood of female white rats exposed to PE for 28 days. The number of samples used in this study was 12 female white rats. The results showed significant differences in the mammary glands\u27 histopathological features and MDA levels. Based on the Independent T-Test results on the number of cell layers in the lactiferous ducts, acini, and the number of acini (p<0.05) and the Mann-Whitney test on MDA levels (p<0.05). Significant changes in the histopathological features and MDA levels were observed in the mammary glands exposed to polyethylene (PE) plastic. Exposure to micro-nano plastics of PE type at a dose of 15 mg/m3 for 28 days differed significantly in the MDA levels of mammary glands, histopathological picture of mammary glands at cell proliferation events, both in the lactiferous ducts and acini cells. In addition, exposure to PE plastic has the potential to cause health problems in the breast organs if exposed for a long time and in excess doses
The Effect of Family-Centered Care on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
No full textEffective diabetes self-care is essential for adults managing diabetes. Additionally, implementing family-centered care can significantly enhance home care efficiency. This study aims to collect and evaluate findings related to family-centered care in diabetic patients. A systematic review was conducted by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The inclusion articles were published in English from 2013 to 2023, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), and published reviews assessing family-centered care for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. The systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram, relevant studies were identified and assessed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria. These results were discussed among researchers to resolve differences and reach a conclusion. Results: Five RCT reviews published between 2013 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. Family-centered care can reduce HbA1c levels, blood pressure, weight, depressive symptoms score (PHQ8), and Low-Density Lipoprotein levels, increasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors. This review has provided evidence regarding the effect of implementing family-centered care interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The evidence suggests that family-centred care can be an important approach to improving the quality of healthcare services for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Effect of Contact Time Variations of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell on the Peroxide Value in Used Cooking Oil
No full textCooking oil is a commonly used food product in daily life, both in households and commercially, especially for frying purposes. The repeated use of cooking oil can lead to an increase in peroxide value, which may pose health risks. High peroxide values are carcinogenic and can trigger various health problems, such as elevated cholesterol levels and heart disease. One method to reduce peroxide value is by using activated carbon, such as activated carbon derived from coconut shells. This study aims to analyze the effect of contact time variations of activated carbon from coconut shells on the reduction of peroxide value in used cooking oil. The research design used was a quasi-experiment with an iodometric testing method. A total of 24 samples of used cooking oil were treated with activated carbon from coconut shells for different contact times: 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes. The peroxide value was then measured. The results showed that varying the contact time with activated carbon from coconut shells resulted in the following average peroxide values: 15.57 meq O2/kg, 7.57 meq O2/kg, 6.58 meq O2/kg, and 5.82 meq O2/kg. The percentage reduction in peroxide value was 0%, 51.41%, 57.06%, and 62.64%, respectively. In conclusion, the study found a significant effect of contact time variations of activated carbon from coconut shells on the reduction of peroxide value in used cooking oil, with a probability value of 0.000 < 0.05
Papaya Juice Treatment Increases Body Weight and Decreases Urea Levels in Lead acetate-exposed Wistar Rats
No full textLead (Pb) exposure poses significant health risks due to its non-degradable nature and profound toxicity, causes oxidative stress and organ damage, particularly targeting the kidneys. Urea nitrogen levels rise as a result of decreased renal filtration rate and urea excretion. This study investigates the potential of papaya juice, rich in flavonoids, vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene, as a protective agent against Pb-induced nephrotoxicity. A Completely Randomized Design experiment was conducted, involving six treatment groups of Wistar rats. Papaya juice was administered at doses of 3.6, 7.2, and 14.4 g/200g body weight (BW) to Groups P1, P2, and P3, respectively, prior to exposure to 50 mg/kg BW of lead acetate. Group PC received vitamin E (400 IU/kg BW) and lead acetate, while Group NC was exposed to lead acetate alone. Group NT served as the control. Following a 28-day treatment period, the P3 group exhibited the most significant improvements, with a notable increase in body weight (22.50 grams) and a substantial decrease in urea nitrogen levels (18.24 mg/dl). These findings underscore the efficacy of papaya juice treatment in mitigating Pb-induced nephrotoxicity, suggesting a potential therapeutic regimen for alleviating lead toxicity in exposed populations. Eventually, the optimal dosing for papaya juice treatment, either at 14.4 g per 200 g body weight for rats or consumption of one medium-sized papaya for humans, yields compelling benefits. This regimen demonstrates significant efficacy in increasing body weight and lowering serum urea levels in rats subjected to Pb acetate exposure
Vibration Stimulation to Increase Milk Production in Puerperal Mothers
No full textBreast milk is the best food for babies, but insufficient production can hinder breastfeeding. Many mothers face challenges with milk production, preventing optimal breastfeeding. This study aims to innovate and develop a vibration-based electric massage device to enhance breast milk production and analyze its effectiveness based on baby weight indicators. The research employs a quantitative method with a Quasi-Experimental design, divided into an intervention group and a control group. A random sampling technique selected 46 respondents, split evenly between the two groups. The intervention group received breast care using the vibration-based device, while the control group received standard breast care for 14 days. Breast care was administered twice daily for 2-3 minutes. Baby weight was measured at 14, 21, and 28 days. Tools to measure energy intake, protein intake, and fluid intake utilized food recall, and breastfeeding frequency was measured by a scale. Psychological status was assessed using the DASS questionnaire. Data analysis included Repeated Measure ANOVA and Independent Simple T-Test. Results indicated a significant difference in breast milk production based on baby weight between the intervention and control groups (p=0.000). The mean weight difference between the groups was 200.21 grams, favoring the intervention group. Increased breast milk production was not influenced by confounding variables such as energy intake, protein intake, fluid intake, breastfeeding frequency, and psychological status. In conclusion, the developed vibration-based electric massage device effectively increased breast milk production, evidenced by significant weight gain in babies within the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.000).
Black Garlic Antioxidant Activity Test (Allium Sativum) Compound Types with DPPH Method (1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil)
No full textAntioxidants are needed to neutralize Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the body and prevent cardiovascular, cancer, and premature aging as degenerative diseases. Antioxidants will provide resistance to free radicals and prevent damage in normal cells, proteins, and fats, and are able to break chain reactions without disrupting their function. Black Garlic has higher antioxidant properties than regular garlic. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a compound from Black Garlic that functions as an antioxidant that can affect the cell cycle in apoptosis, which can provide cell protection from free radical damage. In a study, it was said that a single type of Black Garlic extract obtained IC50 52.055 ppm (µg/mL) which is included in the category of high antioxidant activity. While in the antioxidant activity test, this study used a compound type of black garlic on the grounds that the price is more affordable and easy to find in traditional markets. This study aims to evaluate the potential of compound-type black garlic extract against free radicals by testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results of the compound type Black Garlic antioxidant test stated to have an IC50 value of 173 ppm (µg/mL) which is classified as moderate antioxidant activity. So researchers assume that the use of single type Black Garlic extract is more effective than compound type Black Garlic.
The Development of Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz. Leaf Extract Toothpaste: Formulation, Physical Properties Evaluation and its Antibacterial Efficacy Against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria
No full textCemcem (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz) is a native Indonesian plant that has long been used as a traditional medicine. The ethanol extract of S. pinnata contains alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins, resins, and saponins. It has proven antibacterial activity against gingivitis and periodontitis bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans. This study aims to develop a toothpaste formula with the active ingredient of S. pinnata leaf extract with various concentrations of 5, 15, and 30%; evaluate its properties; and measure its antibacterial effectiveness against Streptococcus mutans. The research method used a quasi-experimental method with a post-test-only control group design. The S. pinnata leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol solvent using the maceration technique. The properties of the toothpaste were evaluated based on homogeneity, spreadability, foam height, viscosity, and pH. The liking test was conducted to assess color, taste, scent, and texture based on the perception of 30 panelists. Antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method. The test results confirm that all preparation formulas are homogeneous, the foam height is in the range of 4.33 - 21.33 cm, the spreadability is in the range of 3.44 - 4.53 cm2, the viscosity of toothpaste is in the range of 20767-67600 cps, and the pH value is in the range of 4.82 - 7.59. The results showed that toothpaste containing 5% of S. pinnata leaf extract met the physical and pH requirements and was most favored by panelists. This formula also showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans with an average inhibition zone diameter of 7.72 mm ± 0.439. Based on the study\u27s results, it can be concluded that toothpaste containing 5% S. pinnata leaf extract effectively inhibits the growth of S. mutans bacteria by 54.33% compared to the positive control. Further research is suggested to optimize the concentration of S. pinnata leaf extract to maximize its antibacterial activity, without affecting its physical quality and organoleptic acceptance
Machine Learning-based Prediction Model for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textMost of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (APO) are preventable particularly if the health personnel can early detect the risk. This study aimed to review articles on how the machine learning model can predict APO for early detection to prevent neonatal mortality. We conducted a systematic literature review by analyzing seven articles which published between 1 January 2013 and 31 October 2022. The search strategy was the populations are pregnant women, intervention using machine learning for APO prediction, and the outcomes of APO are Low Birth Weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth. We found that the predictors of LBW were demographic, maternal, environmental, fetus characteristics, and obstetric factors. The predictors of preterm birth were demographics and lifestyle. Meanwhile, the predictors of stillbirth were demographic, lifestyle, maternal, obstetric, and fetus characteristics. It was indicated that Random Forest (Accuracy: 91.60; AUC-ROC: 96.80), Extreme Gradient Boosting (Accuracy: 90.80; AUC-ROC: 95.90), logistic regression (accuracy 90.24% and precision 87.6%) can be used to predict the risk of APO. By using a machine learning algorithm, the best APO prediction models that can be used are logistic regression, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting with sensitivity values and AUC of almost 100%. Demographic factors are the main risk factors for APO.
Effectiveness of Hae-Band in Measuring Hb Levels in Postpartum Hemorrhage Risk Monitoring
No full textPostpartum hemorrhage is the main cause of high morbidity in the world (75%). Until now, efforts to early detect the risk of postpartum hemorrhage have still not been maximized. Sensor-based smartband can be the development of non-invasive methods in an effort to early detection of declining Hb levels in monitoring the risk of bleeding with practical, fast, precise, accurate, and practical. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of developing and analyzing the effectiveness of the "Hae-band" smartband in monitoring the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design using a nonequivalent dependent variable. The sampling technique in this research uses non-probability sampling with purposive sampling type. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling with a sample of 35 respondents maternity up to 6 hours postpartum to measure Hb levels and analyze the average levels of Hb and declining levels of HB Hae-band, HB meter POCT and visual estimation of blood loss volume compared with HB meter POCT (gold standard). Data analysis using the descriptive test, validation test, Paired T-Test, Independent T-Test, and multiple linear regression. The research results show that the Hae-band has been developed and is feasible as a measure of Hb levels which has a sensitivity of truth tool as much as 70.0% and can detect a decrease in Hb levels as much as 63.9% (p=0.000) more partially effective than visual estimation (0.24%) Smartband can detect Hb levels with good results compared to the gold standard of blood tests with a difference of 0.324 g/dL (p.0.113) with an average Hb levels at 6 hours PP at 11.19 g/dL compared to the average POCT 11.34 g/dL. This research concludes that Hae-band is more effective in detecting postpartum hemorrhage risk than visual estimation. It is hoped that further research can develop a more modern design where the sensor is more comfortable to use for long periods and has an alternative way of reading the sensor other than on the wrist. Improving accuracy, sensitivity, and higher battery power by improving the type of design, sensor, and wave type to be more suitable for measuring Hb levels can also be developed considering the efficiency of maternal monitoring and recording in the era of digitalization in early detection of bleeding risk.
Revolutionizing Nursing Higher Education: Virtual Reality-Based Elderly Care Service Practice Simulation: A Systematic Review
No full textNursing services in the elderly population play an important role in modern nursing practice, especially with the growth in the number of elderly. The presence of competent and trained nurses is crucial to providing effective care to this demographic. One potential method to improve nursing students\u27 understanding and skills in aged care is the utilization of Virtual Reality (VR) technology to simulate aged services. This study aims to identify the virtual reality-based elderly nursing service simulation revolution through a systematic review. Systematic Literature Review is conducted by searching the data sources ScienceDirect, Pubmed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the PICO approach, are used to select suitable articles, with a range of publication years from 2018 to 2022. Of the 2241 articles identified at the start of the study, 46 relevant articles were selected after narrowing through a review of titles and abstracts. Of these, 24 articles were selected for further analysis according to the research theme. The results showed that the use of VR technology significantly increased the competence of nursing students, and increased clinical skills, confidence, and understanding of human physiological anatomy. VR simulations have proven effective in providing services to elderly patients, including teaching elderly oral hygiene, training in the prevention of dizziness and falls, practicing ADL, and teaching relaxation techniques to reduce pain and symptoms of depression. The new opportunities in nursing higher education innovation, VR technology provides an immersive experience for students in caring for an aging population that is growing, along with technological developments.