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The Effect of Flavonoids of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit Extract on Aortic Diameter Mice Menopause Model
No full textMenopause is a phase experienced by women with an age range of 45-55 years. Menopause is a condition where menstruation stops for a minimum of 12 consecutive months due to the decline in ovarian function, leading to a reduction in estrogen levels. A decrease in estrogen can lead to impaired fat metabolism resulting in atherosclerosis. This study aimed to illustrate the influence of flavonoid extract derived from Phaleria Macrocarpa on the enlargement of the aorta\u27s diameter of mice with a menopause condition. The method of this study is a genuine experimental laboratory setting with a research design of a Randomized Post Test Only Control Group setting. Using 32 female mice divided into 6 groups: K- (without ovariectomy and flavonoid extract Phaleria Macrocarpa), K + (ovariectomy without treatment), P1 (ovariectomy + dose 3.75 mg/mice/day), P2 (ovariectomy + dose 7.5 mg/mice/day), P3 (ovariectomy + dose 11.25 mg/mice/day), and P4 (ovariectomy + dose 15 mg/mice/day). Administration of flavonoid extract Phaleria Macrocarpa was carried out for 14 days. Data analysis using statistical analysis. The results showed that in a post-hoc test, namely the administration of Phaleria macrocarpa flavonoid extract at a dose of 11.25 mg/mice/day and 15 mg/mice/day showed that it could increase the dilation of the aortic diameter of mice model menopause. The study concludes that the flavonoid fruit extract from Phaleria Macrocarpa has the ability to increase the width of the aorta in mice with a menopause condition. In future studies, it is recommended to investigate various variables in order to identify the factors that contribute to the narrowing of the aorta. Additionally, it is suggested to perform further research specifically focusing on women going through menopause
Therapeutic Effects of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Compounds from Different Pretreatment Processes on Women\u27s Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review
No full textWomen’s reproductive health disorders occur due to oxidative stress and can be treated with antioxidant intake. One of them is by utilizing the phytochemical content of garlic (Allium sativum). The semi-systematic review method helps authors to identify the pretreatment of garlic compound S-allyl cysteine (SAC) on women\u27s reproductive health. The literature collection was adjusted to the study of the treatment of garlic compounds with search keywords used “Garlic”, “Reproductive health”, “S-allyl cysteine”, and “Women”. The sources used come from online publications from 2010 to 2024. The form of research in the literature review was carried out on test animals, test cells, and test treatments on humans. The selection of information in the reviewed article refers to the year of publication, test products, sample objects, research methods, results, and discussion. The interpretation of the results will be explained descriptively based on the review analysis. Ten study articles have a positive effect of garlic compounds on women\u27s reproductive health. The pretreatment carried out was garlic extract, garlic powder, hexane extract of aged black garlic, dried garlic powder, and aged garlic (black) extract. This review shows that garlic has a main compound S-allyl cysteine (SAC). The bioactive components of garlic can stimulate antioxidant activity and increase the fertility of reproductive organs because it increases the metabolism of oocytes, hormonal regulation, and the maturation of the endometrium. The results of garlic pretreatment showed that aged garlic (black garlic) extract contained S-allyl cysteine (SAC) with more compounds, was more stable, soluble in water, and had minimal toxic content. It allows black garlic (SAC) to have prophylactic properties at the clinical level, so it is possible to develop research on black garlic\u27s effects on women\u27s reproductive health.
The Effect of Sub-Acute Inhalation Exposure to Polyethylene and Polyvinyl Chloride Micro-Nano Plastics on the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Level and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level in Rat Ovary
No full textPlastic is a synthetic or semi-synthetic organic polymer widely used in daily life and industrial production. Microplastics are widespread contaminants and can enter the human body by consuming foods containing microplastics, inhaling microplastics in the air, and making skin contact with microplastic particles in products. Microplastics can enter the ovaries as foreign bodies and can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and even ovarian granulosa cell death. Polyethylene plastic shards generally have a higher ability to absorb environmental toxins than other types of plastic. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the oldest thermoplastic polymers that is often used as water pipes. PVC has carcinogenic monomers and some harmful additives. This study aims to determine the effect of subacute exposure to micro-nanoplastics per inhalation on SOD and MDA levels in rat ovaries. The research method used is a true experimental design with a Randomize Post Test Only Group Design research design. This study used the ovarian organs of female white rats exposed to PVC and PE for 28 days. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 18 female rats. Subacute exposure to micro-nanoplastics per inhalation can lower SOD levels and significantly increase MDA levels in rat ovaries. This study is expected to provide knowledge and an overview for future research on the mechanism of toxicity of micro-nanoplastic exposure that has an impact on female infertility through free radicals in the ovaries.
The Influence of Women’s Empowerment on The Preference for Contraceptive Methods in Indonesia: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Modelling
No full textThe concept of women\u27s empowerment encompasses enabling women to take control of their own lives, independently make choices, and fulfill their complete capabilities. Numerous research studies examined the correlation between the empowerment of women and their reproductive health. In Indonesia, female labor force participation is relatively low. As a result, research on the influence of empowering women on contraceptive method preference in Indonesia makes sense. This research aims to find the multinomial logistic regression model in choosing contraceptive methods for married women in Indonesia and to identify the women’s empowerment traits that most impact contraceptive method choice. For this study, the researchers utilized secondary data obtained from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The participants consisted of women between the ages of 15 and 49 who were married. The total number of respondents sampled was 49,216. Variables that significantly affect contraceptive method use include the respondent\u27s current employment, the respondent has bank account or other financial institution accounts, the cumulative count of offspring previously born and beating justified if the wife argues with her husband. The analysis is obtained using the multinomial logistic regression test, independency, multicollinearity, and parameter test, and the selection is made by considering either the smallest value of Akaike\u27s information criterion or the option that achieves the highest level of accuracy. Findings highlight four significant variables: Firstly, employed women are more likely to use contraceptives than the unemployed. Secondly, access to banking services correlates with a higher likelihood of contraceptive use. Thirdly, women with more children tend to prefer long-acting reversible contraceptives. Lastly, endorsement of spousal violence justifiability is linked to conventional contraceptive selection. These results emphasize the roles of employment, financial access, family size, and gender-based violence perceptions in shaping contraceptive choices in Indonesia. Model 3 emerges as the most accurate predictor of preferences after eliminating six variables based on rigorous testing and multicollinearity considerations. These findings underscore the importance of addressing economic empowerment and gender-related issues in Indonesian reproductive health programs and policies. Such a comprehensive approach can enhance women\u27s autonomy, enabling them to make crucial life choices and ultimately improving their overall well-being.
Determinants of Nurse Compliance in Fall Risk Screening: A Study At X Hospital Pekanbaru
No full textPatient safety is a system that aims to make health services safer, preventing injuries due to errors in carrying out actions or not taking actions that should be taken, by using risk screening for patients. This research was conducted to see the effect of nurses\u27 compliance in completing the complete patient fall risk screening at Hospital X Pekanbaru. This research was a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional approach carried out at Hospital X Pekanbaru, using a sample of 133 nurses at Hospital X Pekanbaru. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews regarding nurses\u27 compliance in filling out the patient fall screening sheet using a Likert scale questionnaire. Several variables were included in the analysis, including age, gender, highest level of education, length of service, work shifts, workload, rewards, knowledge, supervision, attitudes and compliance with the implementation of fall risk screening. All variables are converted into categorical data (nominal or ordinal). The analysis in this study was univariate analysis (frequency and percentage) and bivariate analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square Test statistical method with a p value <0.05. The results showed that length of service had an effect on nurses\u27 compliance in completing the fall risk screening (p = 0.049). However, there is a tendency that those aged <31 years are more likely to be non-compliant, while those aged >31 years are more likely to be compliant in completing the screening requirements. Meanwhile, it was also found that nurses with a working period of <6 years were more likely to be non-compliant, while those with a working period of >6 years were more likely to be compliant in filling out the screening requirements, so it was found that compliance with completing the patient fall risk screening by nurses would increase by 2. 1 time
Organic Waste Management Behavior Through Cultivating Black Soldier Fly (BSF)
No full textWaste is our common problem because it is generated every day and throughout the year. People’s behavior in throwing rubbish in any place and not caring about the environment can house an unpleasant atmosphere, especially the type of organic waste that causes an unpleasant odor. The aim is to find out the behavior of managing organic waste as feed in cultivating Black Soldier Flies (BSF) in RT 32 Bengkuring. The Qualitative research method with an action research (AR) approach. The research results show that the first stage, here is no organic waste management by residents in RT 32. Second stage, he implementation of socialization and training on BSF/maggot fly cultivation was welcomed by community shops, the government, and local residents. Third phase, most of the mothers were amused or disgusted to see maggots during training because they are shaped like caterpillars, so it is difficult to feed them organic waste. Besides that, it is difficult to get permission from the owners of houses or residential land that has not been used for a long time because their whereabouts are unknown to the owner. In conclusion, the knowledge of residents, community shops, and the local government increased after socialization and practice on how to manage organic waste through cultivating BSF flies. Behavior is low because not all residents dare to see, let alone touch and feed maggots.Sampah adalah permasalahan kita bersama, karena selalu dihasilkan setiap harinya dan sepanjang tahun. Berdasarkan SNI M-36-1991-2003sampah yang di hasilkan orang/hari sebanyak 0,7 Kg, jumlah penduduk di RT.32 Bengkuring tahun 2022 tercatat 25.730 jiwa, jika dihitung, dengan jumlah sampah organik yang di hasilkan masyarakat Bengkuring 164 Kg/Hari dan 1.149,54 Kg/Minggu. Tujuan, ingin mengetahui perilaku pengelolaan sampah organik sebagai pakan dalam budidaya lalat black solidier fly (BSF) di RT 32 Bengkuring. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan action research (AR). Hasil, identifikasi awal X01, sampah organic langsung dibuang oleh warga tanpa pemilahan apalagi pengelolaan, X pelaksanaan sosialisasi dan pelatihan budidaya BSF/manggot dalam penyerapan sampah organic dan maggot menjadi pakan ikan lele, X02, peserta pelatihan mengetahui dan memahami dengan baik cara pengelolaan sampah organic menjadi pakan maggot, kendalanya adalah prasarana tidak memadai, bisa mendapatkan dukungan toko masyarakat dan pemerintah setempat jika warga komitmen melakasanakan budidaya BSF/maggot. Kesimpulan, perlu adanya system yang dibangun untuk memfasilitasi warga dalam budidaya BSF/maggot agar penyerapan sampah organic maksimal dan tidak merugikan pihak manapun
The Effects of Black Garlic on Ovarian Malondialdehyde, Oviduct Muscle, and Endometrial Arterioles in Smoke-Exposed Rats
No full textThe effect of cigarette smoke exposure on reproductive health has been widely studied, showing various physiological disorders induced by free radicals and oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of ethanol extract of black garlic (Allium sativum) on some reproductive parameters of female rats Rattus norvegicus exposed to subacute cigarette smoke. A proper experimental method with a post-test-only control group design was used, involving 25 rats divided into five groups with three different doses of the extract. The rats were exposed to cigarette smoke and then treated for 28 days. Results showed a significant decrease in ovarian Malondialdehyde levels and increased fallopian tube smooth muscle thickness in the extract-treated group. In addition, black garlic extract successfully increased the number of endometrial arterioles in the group exposed to cigarette smoke and extract, in contrast to the group exposed to cigarette smoke only. This study concludes that black garlic extract has the potential to be a protective agent against oxidative damage in the reproductive system of rats exposed to cigarette smoke, with effectiveness that depends on the dose of extract given. Further studies should investigate the long-term effects and optimal dosing of black garlic extract in humans. Additionally, exploring the molecular mechanisms behind its protective properties could enhance its application in reproductive health management.
Analysis of the Effect of Black Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract on Ovarian Follicular Atresia, Endometrial VEGF Expression, and Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cell Count in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
No full textCigarette smoke exposure significantly impairs reproductive function in Rattus norvegicus. This study evaluated the protective effects of black garlic extract against such damage. Using a post-test-only control group design, 25 female Wistar rats were divided into five groups and exposed to cigarette smoke with or without varying doses of black garlic extract. After four weeks, results indicated that black garlic extract significantly increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor expression, enhanced fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell counts, and reduced ovarian follicular atresia in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The group receiving 50 mg/kgBW of black garlic extract showed the most significant improvements. Statistical analysis, including One-way ANOVA, revealed significant differences between groups. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity was confirmed with the Levene test. Significant decreases in ovarian follicular atresia (p < 0.05) and increases in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor expression (p < 0.05) and secretory epithelial cell counts (p < 0.05) were observed in the 50 mg/kgBW treatment group compared to controls. In conclusion, black garlic extract offers dose-dependent protection against cigarette smoke-induced reproductive damage, with 50 mg/kgBW being the optimal dose. Further research should explore molecular mechanisms, long-term toxicity, and clinical applications in humans.
Comparison of Results of Atypical Lymphocyte Test, RT-PCR and ELISA Using Recombinant Multivalent Envelope Protein Domain III (ED-III) Dengue Virus in Dengue Fever Patients
No full textPrevention of the transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is carried out by breaking the chain of dengue transmission and administering vaccines, but to date, this has not achieved the expected target. Dengue virus tests using RT-PCR require skills and relatively expensive equipment. Serological test of IgM and IgG often shows false negatives or false positives, especially in dengue-endemic areas. The antibody test against NS1 using the ELISA method has weaknesses because anti-dengue IgM is often not detected in secondary infections. The development of serodiagnostic tests for rapid, affordable, sensitive, and specific detection of dengue virus infection is very necessary. Recombinant multivalent envelope proteins domain III (ED-III) dengue virus is a biomarker that has the potential to be developed to detect all dengue virus serotypes. One of the proteins that has high antigenicity is glycoprotein E which is found in the envelope of the dengue virus and is the most antigenic part of the virus. This research aims to combine several parts of the antigenic protein found in all dengue virus serotypes as immunoserodiagnostic material. This research is an analytical survey research, that compares the results of the atypical lymphocyte test, RT-PCR, and ELISA using the multivalent ED-III antigen. The number of samples used was 26 samples obtained from patients who were diagnosed with dengue fever using an accidental sampling technique. The results of the atypical lymphocyte examination showed 14 positive samples, while the results of the RT-PCR and ELISA examinations were 23 and 24 positive respectively. The average Optical density (OD) of examination using the ELISA method was 1.902 with sensitivity and specificity levels of 92% and 96%. There is no difference result of the RT-PCR compared with the ELISA test. Therefore, recombinant multivalent envelope protein domain III (ED-III) dengue virus can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect dengue fever infection
The Effect of Carnitine on Reducing Triglyceride Levels
No full textCarnitine is a crucial compound involved in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across mitochondrial membranes, playing an essential role in converting fat into energy. One of the most accessible ways to increase L-carnitine levels is through the consumption of red meat, which is a more affordable alternative compared to supplements. However, there is limited information on the optimal amount of red meat required to reduce blood triglyceride levels. This study aims to compare the effects of 50 mg and 100 mg of L-carnitine derived from red meat on blood triglyceride levels. The research utilized a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. Participants included individuals aged 30-60 years with high triglyceride levels, who consumed beef did not take anti-cholesterol medications or had a history of diabetes. They also agreed to provide blood samples after an 8-9 hour fast. A simple random sampling method was used, with the first and odd-numbered participants assigned to the 100 mg group, and the second and even-numbered participants assigned to the 50 mg group. A total of 38 respondents were involved, with 19 in each group. The results indicated that the mean rank for the 100 mg carnitine group (17.32) was lower than that of the 50 mg group (21.68), though statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in triglyceride reduction between the two doses. The conclusion is the 50 mg carnitine group exhibited a higher increase in triglyceride levels compared to the 100 mg group. These findings suggest that a 12-day intervention with 100 mg of carnitine may prevent an increase in blood triglycerides, while 50 mg may not have the same effect