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Mercury Exposure in Pregnant Women Using Whitening Cosmetics and Potential Health Risks
No full textRecently, women are increasingly using whitening cosmetics to beautify their skin. However, they are not aware that whitening cosmetics contain mercury. Several studies have reported high levels of mercury in skin whitening creams. Women, especially pregnant and lactating mothers, who use these creams are at risk of mercury poisoning because long-term exposure can cause permanent nerve damage, kidney disorders, fertility problems, and congenital disabilities. This study aimed to analyze mercury exposure in pregnant women using whitening cosmetics and potential health risks. This research method is an observational analytic, cross-sectional design. The instrument is a questionnaire. Sampling was carried out at Khadijah 1 Hospital, Makassar City. The sample in this study consisted of 20 pregnant women who used whitening cosmetics, 20 who did not use whitening cosmetics and 20 samples of whitening cosmetics used by pregnant women. The cosmetic samples analyzed were the concentration of mercury contained in the cosmetics. Mercury testing was conducted at The Indonesian Institute for Public Health Laboratories, Makassar (BBLK). Data analysis using SPSS software. This result study showed that 20 cosmetics used by pregnant women were detected with mercury. The highest mercury concentration was 86.1 ppm, and the lowest was 3.5 ppm. Those registered with the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM) were 11 cosmetics, and 9 were not registered with BPOM. Statistical analysis shows a correlation between the frequency, duration, and volume of cosmetic use and mercury concentration in pregnant women\u27s hair, namely 0.008, 0.017, and 0.032, respectively. The potential health risks experienced by pregnant women who use cosmetic whitening creams are anemia of as much as 55%, the fetus not actively moving as much as 15%, and the weight of the fetus not increasing as much as 30%. The statistical analysis of the relationship between mercury exposure and potential health risk experienced by pregnant women, with a p-value of 0.039 < p-value of 0.05. The use of whitening cosmetics in pregnant women can have an impact on the fetus in the womb. Therefore, pregnant women should not use cosmetics containing mercury during pregnancy and should increase their knowledge about the contents of cosmetics
Effectiveness of Drug Supervisors in Increasing Tuberculosis Prevention Actions and Consumption of Tuberculosis Drugs
No full textNational tuberculosis control continues to be carried out by intensification, acceleration, extensification and program innovation. One of the efforts with an effective Directly observed treatment shortcourse (DOTS) strategy. The main focus of this strategy is the discovery and cure of patients and breaking the chain of Tuberculosis transmission so as to reduce the incidence and increase Tuberculosis cure in the community. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of Drug Supervisors in reducing transmission and ensuring adherence to Tuberculosis medication throughout treatment. The study used a quasi-experimental design using a pre-posttest framework, comprising an intervention group of 14 participants and a control group of 14 participants. The group of subjects was observed before the intervention, namely direct supervision of taking medication (PMO) through the DOTS strategy by family/relatives/caregivers/officers on TB patients during the treatment period and observed again after the intervention. The sample was selected based on sub-district sample clusters using proportional allocation techniques. Bivariate analysis applied independent t test and mann whitney test (value α = 0.05) because the distribution of the data obtained was not normal. This research revealed that patients receiving intervention in the form of drug monitoring by PMO experienced an increase in TB transmission prevention measures higher than the control group, thus compliance in taking medication was higher in the case group compared to the control group (p 0.01). This indicates that a PMO is essential for every patient receiving Tuberculosis therapy to prevent lack of follow-up and mitigate the influence on the onset of TB-MDR
Impact of Access to Mass Media and ICT on Knowledge of HIV Transmission During Pregnancy Among Women of Reproductive Age in the Republic of Fiji
No full textAccess to accurate health information plays a pivotal role in shaping women’s awareness and practices regarding HIV prevention, particularly during pregnancy. Mass media and information and communication technology (ICT) serve as crucial platforms for disseminating knowledge that can reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This study aims to examine the impact of access to mass media and ICT on women’s knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy. This study utilized secondary data from the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in Fiji, conducted by the Fiji Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with UNICEF. A total of 3,649 women aged 15–49 years were included after excluding missing values. The outcome variable was knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy, while main independent variables were access to mass media and ICT, along with sociodemographic factors. Data analysis consisted of univariate, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression, with significance set at p <0.05. The findings revealed that only 59.36% of women correctly identified that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy. The findings revealed that only 59.36% of women correctly identified that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy. Several factors were significantly associated with HIV knowledge, including internet use, mobile phone ownership, reading newspapers, age group, marital status, and education. Among these, internet use and reading newspapers were found to substantially increase the likelihood of having HIV knowledge, while higher education and older age served as strong predictors. In contrast, women from the richest households and those who had never married showed lower odds of being knowledgeable about HIV transmission during pregnancy. Access to mass media, ICT, age, marital status, and education significantly influenced women’s knowledge of HIV transmission during pregnancy. These findings highlight the need to integrate HIV education into antenatal care, community programs, and digital platforms to improve maternal knowledge
Learning Endotracheal Tube and Laryngeal Mask Airway Intubation with Android Applications for Nursing Students
No full textE-learning in anesthesiology nursing faces challenges like finding practice materials, mastering ETT and LMA techniques, and tool damage. This research aims to develop an android application model to support valid and effective learning for endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask airway intubation for nursing students.This research uses Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model by Thiagarajan and just untill a limited group trial. Quantitative method of data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Questionnaire given to material experts and media experts to test product eligibility and use of knowledge questionnaires as well and also System Usability Scale for students to test the effectiveness and acceptance. Result of this research show that the material experts assessment was 92.00% which was classified as very feasible and media experts was 98.52% which was classified as very feasible. Results of pretest and posttest analyzed by wilcoxon test from 34 students obtained results of 0.000 which were significant as well. System Usability Scale result was 85.66 classified acceptable with adjective rating B or good. This Android- based application is very feasible and can be used as a support for learning on the topic or material for ETT intubation and LMA intubation.
Risk Factors for Dengue Fever in Sungai Pinang Subdistrict in Samarinda City
No full textDengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a species that reproduces very quickly and infects around 390 million people each year. The objective of this research is to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of DHF in the village of Sungai Pinang, located in the city of Samarinda. This study employs a quantitative approach and uses an observational method with a case-control design, which allows for the analysis of the relationship between the disease or health condition and specific risk factors. The sample consisted of 74 participants, divided into 37 cases and 37 controls, selected through purposive sampling. Odds ratios were used for data analysis. The results indicated that the presence of a lid on the water container represented a risk factor (OR = 1.135; 95% CI: 0.424–3.039). Similarly, the habit of emptying water containers was shown to be a risk factor (OR = 1.556; 95% CI: 0.617–3.928), as was the type of container material (OR = 1.268; 95% CI: 0.487–3.301) for the incidence of dengue in the village of Sungai Pinang Dalam, Samarinda City. In conclusion, the water container cover, the practice of emptying it, and the container material were identified as factors that influence the occurrence of dengue cases in this area.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Theraphy and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV in Surakarta
No full textThe Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents a major public health challenge due to its association with high mortality and morbidity rates. Infection HIV occurs when the virus attacks the body’s immune system at a cellular level. Without treatment, this can progress to the most advanced stage, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). For people living with HIV (PLWHIV), lifelong treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) medication is necessary. This continuing therapy works to reduce the amount of virus in the blood, lowering the risk of transmission, preventing secondary infections, and improving the patient\u27s general life quality. The success and effectiveness of ARV therapy depends on PLWHIV adherence. Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy decreases its effectiveness and increases viral replication. Therapy adherence indicates that the patient understands the value of receiving therapy and follows the instructions. Knowledge is an important role in therapy compliance. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the VCT Polyclinic of the Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta, between April and July 2024. The target population included all patients who received a positive HIV diagnosis. A total of 60 patients from this group were selected to participate using a purposive sampling strategy. Bivariate analysis was then used to investigate the relationship between variables, with the Spearmean Rank statistical test. The study result showed that 21 patients with poor level of knowledge had low compliance (92.9%), followed by patients with intermediate level of knowledge with moderate compliance 10 (60.0%), and patients with high level of knowledge with high compliance 29 (69.4%). A statistically significant, moderately strong positive relationship (r=0.572, p < 0.001) was found between patient knowledge and adherence to ARV therapy at the VCT polyclinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. This suggests that PLWHIV who receive adequately informed patients are more likely to adhere to their treatment plans. Therefore, improving patient compliance requires implementing robust educational programs and conducting further research to uncover other influencing factors.
Effectiveness of Orem\u27s Theory-Based Diabetic Foot SPA on Glycemic Control and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 DM
No full textType 2 DM remains a challenge both globally and nationally, due to the high incidence of diabetic foot ulcers and patients with uncontrolled glycemia. This is due to poor self-care for foot care and glycemic control. Not treating them quickly will increase lifelong disability, depression, quality of life, and risk of death. Diabetic foot spa based on Orem Theory was tested for glycemic management and peripheral neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of diabetic foot spa based on Orem\u27s Theory on glycemic control and reduction of peripheral neuropathy symptoms in patients with type 2 DM in the work area of East Denpasar Health Center I. This study used a pre-post quasi-experimental design with a control group of 64 respondents with a diagnosis of type 2 DM consisting of 32 control groups given foot exercises and 32 intervention groups given diabetic foot spa. Translated with DeepL.com (free version) Glucose meter, neuropathy symptom score (NSS) questionnaire, and 10 mg monofilament were used. This study consisted of univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis used Dependent and Independent t-test to see the difference before and after diabetic foot spa intervention. The results showed that the effectiveness of diabetic foot spa in the intervention and control groups using independent t-test obtained a p-value <0.05 which states that diabetic foot spa is effective in controlling glycemia and reducing peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 DM. The conclusion of this study is that diabetic foot spa based on Orem\u27s Theory is effective in controlling glycemic and reducing symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 DM.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity in Solanum Ferox (Through DPPH and FRAP Assays)
No full textThe antioxidant properties of natural compounds have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications. Solanum ferox, a plant traditionally used in several countries for medicinal purposes, has been identified as possessing potential antioxidant properties. However, the extent and efficacy of its antioxidant capacity have not been thoroughly examined, creating a gap in understanding its effectiveness compared to established antioxidants like ascorbic acid. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Solanum ferox using DPPH and FRAP assays across concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 µg/µl, with ascorbic acid serving as a standard reference. The DPPH assay measured the scavenging activity of both samples to assess their radical-quenching properties, while the FRAP assay evaluated their reducing power. Findings indicate that ascorbic acid exhibits significantly higher scavenging activity than Solanum ferox across all concentrations, with consistent activity ranging between 88.4% and 90.88% in the DPPH assay and from 45.16% to 83.89% in the FRAP assay. In contrast, Solanum ferox shows a gradual but much lower increase in activity, from 6.8% to 35.5% in the DPPH assay and from 10.59% to 33.82% in the FRAP assay, suggesting limited antioxidant potential. The study contributes to the understanding of the antioxidant properties of Solanum ferox, highlighting its limited efficacy compared to ascorbic acid and suggesting that further research is needed to explore its potential at higher concentrations or through alternative methods. These insights provide a foundational basis for future studies investigating Solanum ferox as a potential natural antioxidant source.
Nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa Extract Improves the Developmental Process in High Glucose-Induced Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
No full textGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia during pregnancy, which can increase oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative stress can adversely affect fetal developmental processes, including body length, ocular development, blood flow, and heart rate. Curcuma longa extract, containing curcumin, has been shown to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Nanoemulsions have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of herbal compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract on body length, ocular apoptosis, blood flow, and heart rate in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to high glucose concentrations. Zebrafish has many benefits as it has 70% orthologous genes with humans, high fecundity, and rapid embryogenesis. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) technique. Embryos were allocated to five groups: control, 3% glucose, and 3% glucose with 1.25, 2.5, or 5 µg/mL nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract. The results showed that a 1.25 µg/mL nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract reduced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, increased body length, and mitigated developmental process disorders by decreasing ocular apoptosis and maintaining blood flow and heart rate in high glucose-induced zebrafish embryos. These findings suggest that a nanoemulsion of Curcuma longa extract may have potential therapeutic applications in managing the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on fetal development in GDM
Ethnic Group and Religion Along with Other Factors Affect The Spiritual Needs of The Elderly with Chronic Diseases in Indonesia
No full textSpirituality helps the elderly adapt to changes in themselves. The process of healing chronic diseases in the elderly requires good spirituality. However, in reality, many elderly people still have low spirituality. This study considers the factors of spiritual needs of elderly people with chronic illnesses in Indonesia. Descriptive correlation research design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 210 elderly people taken by purposive sampling. The independent variables studied include age, gender, religion, ethnic group, education, work, history of illness, ADL, and cognitive function. The dependent variable is spiritual needs. The research instrument in the form of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). A linear regression test to simultaneously correlate several dependent variables with independent variables by following several modeling assumptions. There is a significant relationship between religious factors (0.01), ethnicity (0.003), cognitive function (0.04), and the spiritual needs of elderly people with chronic diseases (<0.05). The equation obtained from modeling can predict the value of the spirituality needs of elderly people with chronic illnesses. Respondents who have sufficient spiritual needs because they are good at connecting with other people, nature/the environment, and God. Spiritualitas membantu lansia beradaptasi dengan perubahan dalam dirinya. Proses penyembuhan penyakit kronis pada lansia membutuhkan spiritualitas yang baik. Namun pada kenyataannya, masih banyak lansia yang memiliki spiritualitas yang rendah. Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor kebutuhan spiritual lansia dengan penyakit kronis di Indonesia. Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 210 lansia yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ). Uji regresi linier untuk mengkorelasikan secara simultan beberapa variabel dependen dengan variabel independen dengan mengikuti beberapa asumsi pemodelan. Terdapat hubungan antara faktor agama, suku bangsa, fungsi kognitif, dan kebutuhan spiritual lansia dengan penyakit kronis. Hasil analisis akhir regresi linier multivariat. Persamaan yang diperoleh dari pemodelan dapat memprediksi nilai kebutuhan spiritual (KS) lansia dengan penyakit kronis. Responden yang memiliki kebutuhan spiritual cukup karena pandai berhubungan dengan orang lain, alam/lingkungan, dan Tuhan