Jurnal Ilmu Ternak
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Potential of Patikala Fruit (Etlingera Elatior) In Improving The Physical Quality of Spent Layer Meat
Full text linkPatikala (Etlingera elatior) is a local Indonesian plant that can be used to improve meat quality because it contains secondary metabolic compounds and acid compounds which can be used to improve the meat quality of spent layer meat. This study aims to determine the potential of patikala fruit (Etlingera elatior) as a local plant in improving the physical quality of spent layer meat. This research method used a completely randomized design,with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The research design was determined based on the amount of meat used, namely soaking spent layer meat without patikala (Etlingera elatior) extract water concentration (T0=0%), the using patikala (Etlingera elatior) extract concentration (T1=25%), patikala (Etlingera elatior) extract concentration (T2=50%), patikala (Etlingera elatior) extract concentration (T3=75%), patikala (Etlingera elatior) extract concentration (T4=100%). The parameters observed were the physical quality of the meat, namely pH, cooking loss, tenderness and water-holding capacity. The results showed that soaking patikala (Etlingra elatior) extract had a very significant effect on improving the physical quality of spent layer meat based on pH values and cooking losses, but had not significant effect on the value of tenderness and water holding capacity of meat
Adding green and black teas in a rice straw-based sheep diet improves in vitro dry matter degradability without affecting gas production and pH
Full text linkRice straw (RS) is widely available in South East Asia and it can be used as a source of fibres for ruminant animals. However, RS has poor palatability and nutritional values. Thus, the use of concentrate (CON) as a dietary supplement is required to increase the utilisation of RS. Green (GT) and black (BT) teas can act as natural dietary additives in a CON. This study evaluated nutrient compositions of the diet ingredients and the impact of supplementing GT and BT in a rice straw-based sheep diet on in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD), total gas production (TGP) and pH during more than 24 hours of incubations. The CON, GT, and BT had higher crude protein, organic matter, and metabolizable energy but lower fibre fractions than RS. The GT and BT had greater total tannins than CON and RS confirming that they could potentially be used as natural dietary additives. In addition, GT supplementation improved IVDMD without affecting TGP and pH values. Conversely, BT supplementation did not improved IVDMD. Thus, BT is less preferable as a ruminant dietary supplement than GT
The Effect Of Stocking Density On Carcass Weight, Carcass Parts, And Carcass Percentage Of Broiler Chickens In Closed-House
Full text linkThis research examined the effect of different densities on carcass weight, carcass parts, and carcass percentage. The material used in this research was 200 broiler chickens aged three weeks, reared for 14 days until they were 35 days old. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and four replications. If the analysis of variance showed an effect of treatment (P0,05) on the carcass weight, carcass parts, and carcass percentage. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that a density of 16 birds/m² for broiler chickens kept in closed houses still provides good production performance and meat quality
THE DIFFERENT C/N RATIO OF QUAIL FECES AND RICE STRAW MIXTURE AFFECTS TEMPERATURE CHANGE, MICROBIAL COUNT, ORGANIC-C CONTENT, AND TOTAL N CONTENT IN EARLY DECOMPOSITION RESULTS
Full text linkLivestock waste is one of the factors that must be considered in livestock farming, as it can cause environmental pollution. Quail feces, a type of livestock waste, generally has a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, necessitating the supplementation of carbon source from rice straw. Rice straw, which contains high fiber content, is often discarded or burned and has not been utilized by farmers, even though it is suitable for processing into solid or liquid organic fertilizer (POC). Because of the substantial changes in temperature and microbial composition that occur during the composting process, initial breakdown is critical. Using native microbes from quail feces, this study aims to ascertain the impact of the C/N ratio of a mixture of quail feces and rice straw on temperature changes, total microbial count (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes), and the content of organic C and total N during the initial decomposition process. This research employed an experimental method with four treatments of C/N ratio mixtures of quail feces and rice straw: 20, 25, 30, and 35. The observed variables included temperature changes, total microbial count (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes), and the content of organic C and total N over 14 days of initial decomposition. The best decomposition process was achieved with a C/N ratio of 20, the highest temperature change (thermophilic phase on the second day and a maximum temperature of 65°C), and total counts of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes of 9.6 x 1011 cfu/mg, 2.7 x 104 cfu/mg, and 5.6 x 106 cfu/mg, respectively. The organic C content was 37.62%, and the total N content was 3.11% (C/N 12.09).
Heat Stress Response in Dairy Cattle
Full text linkIndonesia is a tropical country with high ambient temperatures and humidity. In Indonesia’s hot and humid summer, dairy cows cannot dissipate enough body heat to prevent a rise in their body temperature. Increasing air temperature, temperature humidity index, and rectal temperature above a critical threshold are associated with decreased dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk production efficiency. Modifications including shades and cooling fans can help dissipate body heat, lower body temperature, and increase BMI. Genetic selection for heat tolerance is possible, but continued selection for better performance without consideration for heat tolerance will result in greater susceptibility to heat stress. The nutritional requirements of dairy cows change during heat stress, and ration reformulation to account for reduced DMI, the need to increase nutrient density, alter nutrient requirements, avoid excess nutrients and maintain normal rumen function is required. Sustaining cattle performance in hot and humid climate conditions in the future will likely require increased cooling capabilities, continued advances in nutritional formulations, and the need for genetic advances that include selection for heat tolerance or identification of genetic traits that enhance heat tolerance
The Influence of Different Land Transportation Time from Banjarnegara to Semarang on Body Condition Response of Local Male Sheep
No full textThis study aims to determine the body conditions and body weight loss of male local sheep after transportation from Banjarnegara to Semarang at different times. This study used 22 local rams aged 10 months weighing 17.14 + 1.68 kg (CV= 9.8%). This research used a Completely Randomized Design with two treatments and 11 replications. The treatments were different transportation times consisting of 4 hours (T1) and 6 hours (T2). The parameters used in this study were pulse rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature in Banjarnegara (before transportation), Temanggung (during rest), and Semarang (after transportation), as well as body weight loss from male local sheep. The data were analyzed by using a t-test. The results showed that before transportation, the pulse and respiratory rate of T2 rams were higher (P0.05) with an average of 18.33 kg before transportation and 16.80 kg after transportation. The body weight loss of T1 and T2 was about 1.53 kg, and was not significantly different (P>0.05). It can be concluded that different transportation times (4 hours and 6 hours) affected local rams’ physiological conditions with similar body weight loss.Key words : sheep, transportation, physiological conditions, and body weight loss
CHARACTERISTICS OF JELLY CANDY BASED ON BOVINE SPLIT HIDE GELATIN
Full text link The research was to find the characteristics and obtain a jelly candy formula from bovine split hide gelatin combined with commercial gelatin.The materials used were bovine split hide gelatin, commercial gelatin, glucose, sucrose, citric acid, sodium benzoate, desiccant and pineapple shield. Comparison of commercial gelatin and bovine split hide gelatin in the formula T1= 16:0%, T2= 12:4%, T3=8:8%, T4= 4:12% and T5= 0:16%, with other ingredients the percentage is the same. The results were compared with commercial gelatin candy. Parameters observed included chemical tests of water content, pH and total sugar, physical tests (hardness, elasticity and stickiness) and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste, shape, texture and overall). Data analysis used a completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern, Duncan's multiple region test was continued if there were differences. The organoleptic test was analyzed by descriptive analysis. It was concluded that the addition of more commercial gelatin resulted in a harder jelly candy and gave different organoleptic test results. Panelists liked the jelly candy made froma combination of 8% bovine split hide gelatin and 8% commercial gelatin. The organoleptic test, it has the same assessment criteria as commercial jelly cand
Laying hens breeding's contribution to Indonesia's small-scale farmers' economic income - A Review
Full text linkThis paper reviews the development of regional laying hen farming in Indonesia in an illustrative way, in addition to the economic contribution made by small farmers to the development of the country through the production of laying hens on their modest holdings and their ability to support self-sufficiency. By achieving the largest possible production of eggs and chickens, the aim is to determine the contribution of laying hens to the national economy and the self-sufficiency of small farmers. The study focused on small farmers in the regions of North Sumatra, West Java, Central Java, East Java, South Sulawesi, and West Nusatenggara. It was concluded from this study that the small farmers who had little capital for raising laying hens benefited from the net present value of IDR 36,213,611 in their favor. 4,233 heads were used, resulting in an average of 5,644 kg of eggs per month, IDR 98,996,826,00 in average monthly revenue, and IDR 16,418,183 in net profit. This meant that the laying hens’ business was profitable for both community and personal gain
THE EFFECT OF ADDING CHESTNUT TANIN EXTRACTS ON RATION TO PERFORMANCE OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT CROSSBREED
No full textSauland Sinaga, Deni Rusmana, Apritama and Danela NisaABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the impact of adding chestnut tannin extract to the diet on developing body weight gain and ratio conversion of New Zealand White crossbreed rabbits. Experimental methods with a completely randomized design were used in this research. There were four treatments: R0 (Control Feed); R1 (0.25% addition of chestnut tannin extract); R2 (0.5% addition of chestnut tannin extract); R3 (0.75% addition of chestnut tannin extract); with five replications. Statistical analysis showed that the result was significant for body weight gain (p<0.05) and not for protein consumption and ratio, conversion and protein efficiency ratio, percentage, and component carcass. Tannin from a chestnut tree extract can be used at 0.25% in rabbit ration as an additive to replace antibiotics and growth promoters in rabbits
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN A MIXED OF COMPOST DAIRY COW FECES AND CHICKEN MANURE
No full textPengomposan dengan pencampuran feses sapi perah dan feses ayam yang difermentasi selama 50 hari. Tujuan dari peneilitian yaitu untuk mengetahui keragaman mikroba pada kompos campuran feses sapi perah dan feses ayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental, yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan eksploratif untuk data kualitatif yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 6 titik yaitu Feses Sapi perah segar, campuran awal Feses Sapi perah dan Feses ayam, campuran feses sapi perah dan feses ayam bak 1, bak 2, bak 3 dan bak 4 dengan waktu fermentasi di setiap bak 10 hari, ulangan tiga kali jumlah sampel 18. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50. Hasil pengamatan awal terhadap Koliform dalam feses didominasi oleh koliform fekal, dalam media campuran feses sapi perah dan feses ayam diperoleh koliform fekal dan non fekal, setelah proses fermentasi dalam bak 1 sampai dengan bak 4 bakteri koliform sudah tidak terdeteksi. Hasil Identifikasi kapang diperoleh Rhizopus sp, Penicillum sp, Mucor sp, Aspergillus sp, dan Scapuloriopsis sp dan didominasi oleh Aspergillus sp. Jenis telur cacing yang ditemukan pada proses pengomposan dari 2 spesies yaitu Strongylus spp, dan Strongiloides