Jurnal THEOLOGIA
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MAHDIISME DALAM HADIS-HADIS MAHDAWIYAH
Get PDFThis paper discusses the origins of Mahdiism (al-Mahdi al-Muntaẓar) that are constructed using the mahdawiyyah ḥadīth with the status of aḥad (single transmitter) and ḍa'īf (weak). Nevertheless, this belief (Mahdiism) has deep roots in the theological reason of Muslims. By the historical approach, the finding shows that Mahdiism has roots in millenarianism (belief of the saviors' presence) that had existed in pre-Islamic traditions, such as Jewish and Christian. The elementary form of Islamic millenarianism is the concept of prophethood, but when the prophethood concept was deemed finished, it continued into the concept of Mahdiism. The first emergence of Mahdiism is in line with the emergence of mahdawiyyah ḥadīth. The emergence context of the mahdawiyyah ḥadīth revolves around the power transition from the Umayyad dynasty to the Abbasid dynasty, which always involved Shiite followers as the political victims. The contact between Shiites with the Jewish former and Christian former during the conflict at that time influenced the style of Shiite theology, like as millenarianism. The Shi'ites propagate the presence of al-Mahdi, as the savior from descendants of the prophet (Ahl al-Bait) described through the mahdawiyyah hadiths. Among the narrators of mahdawiyyah ḥadīth are Jewish former (Ka'ab al-Aḥbar) and Christians former (Wahb b. Munabbih). They were the pioneers who incorporated the millenarianism into the Mahdiism
MODERATE INTERPRETATION OF SHALEH DARAT IN HIS FAYḌ AL-RAḤMĀN
Get PDFIn Indonesia context, the study of Quranic Exegesis has two groups of opposite interpretations: Interpretations that are too based on the outer meaning of the text and interpretations rely more on the inner meaning of the text. Generally speaking, a balanced and moderate interpretation is an interpretation that combines the two meanings. The moderate commentators are those who do not deny the meaning of one from another. The style of interpretation of Shaleh Darat seems to combine the two meanings. This research uses descriptive-analytic method by trying to find the pattern and embodiment of moderate Interpretations in his work, Fayḍ al-Raḥmān. From the study of his work, this study found: 1) Shaleh Darat has a tendency to moderate interpretation of the Qur’an with the characteristics of fairness, balance, and tolerance. 2) His moderate interpretations appear in some verses regarding sharia and mu'amalah fields
SUFISTIC THERAPY WITH SPIRITUAL EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUE (SEFT) METHOD FOR HEALING THE BEHAVIOR OF DRUGS ADDICT
Get PDFThis research is to find out whether Sufistic therapy with the Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) method can cure the behavior of addicts who seek drugs. Research subjects were 4 (four) drug addicts. The physical dependence on drugs that can be overcome by providing drugs with groups as substances commonly consumed to minimize them, but the hardest thing is to change the behavior of addicts who are looking for drugs and consume them again. This study uses a multiple baseline design with AB follow-up design where A is the baseline, B is a Sufistic therapy with SEFT method which allows the stages of set-up, tune in, and tapping, as well as follow-up. Data analysis in this study uses quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis in this study is in the form of graphical explanations of research, while the qualitative analysis is the result of observations and interviews during the research. The results of this study indicate that the hypothesis is accepted where Sufistic therapy with the SEFT method can cure the behavior of addicts who seek drugs
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PARADIGMA INTEGRASI ILMU PENGETAHUAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN ISLAM: (Kajian Terhadap Karya Akademik Mahasiswa di UIN Walisongo)
Get PDFThe change from the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Walisongo to the State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo has influenced the scientific paradigm. The scientific fields taught and developed by UIN Walisongo are increasingly diverse so that a new paradigm is needed, which is reflected in the vision of UIN Walisongo, namely ‘Leading Islamic Research University Based on the Unity of Science for Humanity and Civilisation in 2038’. The consequence of the vision requires all stakeholders at UIN Walisongo to be involved in realising it, so the understanding of UIN Walisongo's vision must be lived by the entire academic community, including students. This study aims to determine the extent to which students of UIN Walisongo understand the vision of UIN Walisongo. This research is a qualitative research with an interview and field study approach. The results of this study indicate that students of UIN Walisongo understand the vision with the following details: 60% of students use the strategy of local wisdom, 30% of students use the strategy of humanisation of Islamic sciences, and 10% of students use the strategy of spiritualisation of general sciences
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR MULLĀ ṢADRĀ
Get PDFThis article aims to carry out an exploration related to the epistemological setting of Mullā Ṣadrā's interpretation. Apart from being known as the main Muslim philosopher as Ibn Sinā, Ṣadrā also describes his mystical-philosophical views in his collection of commentary treatises, Tafsīr al-Qurān al-Karīm. Through this article, the author describes a set of interpretive epistemologies used by Ṣadrā, which can be used as an epistemological offer to bridge several issues of Sufi interpretation (tafsīr al-ishārī), especially in the validity of its disclosure method. In addition to the method of interpretation, there are other unique things contained in this article, such as: mukāshafah as the main foundation of interpretation as it applies generally in the Sufi interpretation (tafsīr al-ishārī), sources of interpretation (maṣādir al-tafsīr) and the style of explanation of the commentary (uslūb al-tafsīr) that Ṣadrā uses. Furthermore, to complete this paper, the author also describes Ṣadrā's view of the ontology of the Quran as the basis of his interpretation epistemology
KONTEKSTUALISASI SUFISME BAGI MASYARAKAT URBAN
Get PDFThis paper critically examines the important roles of the presence of Sufism institutions for the urban middle class. Writing taken from research on the Majelis Shalawat Muhammad in Surabaya and Bojonegoro presents constructive thinking as well as the creative practices of the murshid, Gus Kahar and Gus Mustakim. Both managed to "reconcile" between modernity and spirituality. The concept of positive sufism and positive zuhud based on Gus Kahar and Gud Mustakim make a significant contribution as well as a reference for urban middle-class people who are often confused and uncertain in combining Islam and modernity. In accordance with the mission of Islam from the beginning of its birth, Islam (sufism) taught in the Majelis Shalawat Muhammad was felt to liberate its jama’ah from diseases suffered by urban communities such as the reason for being analyzed, disorientated, distorted, and so o
DISKURSUS MUNĀSABAH: Problem Tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān
Get PDFAbstract: Munāsabah al-Qur’ān is a part of ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān which presents pros and contrast. The pros ulama makes munāsabah as a method to reveal enigma system of Quran verses and chapter. The structure of the Quran’s verses and chapters seems to leap and are not connected each other. But for ulama who are contra to munāsabah, this success considered as a subjective product which did not put munāsabah tafsīr as ḥujja tafsīr automatically. As a questionious Quran’s knowledge, munāsabah has become a tafsīr method al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān (textual relations in the Quran) which is in the highest position in the hierarchy of tafsīr bi ’l-ma’thūr with the highest ḥujja (a binding proof) status. Quranic exegesis is called ma’thūr if it is based upon the traditions of the Prophet, his Companions, and the immediate Successors of the Companions. The active subject as athīr in the tafsīr bi ’l-ma’thūr is the prophet in the tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Ḥadīth; Companions in the tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi aqwāl al-ṣahāba; and tābi’īn ‘the immediate Successors of the Companions’ in the tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi aqwāl al-tābi’īn which the explanation or behavior is athar which is made as the base (ma’thūr) of the interpretation. But what about the exegesis of al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān: is Allah as the active subject or a Quranic naṣ? If Allah, of course, he delivers it through the prophet and it belongs to tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Ḥadīth category. If Allah analogically through al-Qur’ān naṣ truly, so does this al-Qur’ān naṣ automatically become the base of another al-Qur’ān naṣ or it still needs the help of an interpreter? This question becomes an epistemological problem of tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān through the helping knowledge, it is munāsabah al-Qur'an. The formulation of the problem in this paper, firstly, how the method of munāsabah operates in the al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān interpretation. Secondly, what is the impact of the munāsabah method works on the status of the al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān interpretation. The result, firstly, the method of munāsabah used to explain one verse against another, is ijtihādy; and secondly, it affects to the ma’thūr and ḥujja status of the al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān interpretation which has been getting the top spot in the hierarchy of interpretation bi ’l-ma'thūr so that necessary reformulation Quranic interpretation bi ’l-ma'thūr.Abstrak: Munāsabah al-Qur’ān termasuk bagian dari ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān yang mengundang pro dan kontra. Ulama yang pro menjadikan munāsabah sebagai metode untuk mengungkap enigma sistematika ayat dan surat al-Qur’ān. Sepintas susunan ayat dan surat melompat-lompat dan dirasakan tidak saling terhubung. Tetapi bagi ulama yang kontra munāsabah, keberhasilan tersebut merupakan produk subjektif yang tidak serta merta menempatkan tafsir-tafsir munāsabah sebagai tafsir ḥujjah. Sebagai ilmu al-Qur’ān yang dipersoalkan, munāsabah telah menjadi metode tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān yang secara hirarkis menempati posisi teratas tafsīr bi ’l-ma’thūr dengan status kehujjahan tertinggi. Suatu penafsiran disebut ma’thūr bila disandarkan kepada al-Qur'an sendiri, hadits atau sunnah Nabi, qaul Sahabat, dan Tabi’in. Subjek aktif sebagai athīr pada tafsīr bi ’l-ma’thūr adalah Nabi pada tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Ḥadīth; Sahabat pada tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi aqwāl al-ṣahābah; dan tābi’īn pada tafsir al-Qur’ān bi aqwāl al-tabi’īn yang keterangan atau tindak perilakunya adalah atsar yang dijadikan dasar (ma’thūr) penafsiran. Tetapi bagaimana dengan tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur'ān: apakah Allah sebagai subjek aktifnya atau naṣ al-Qur'an? Kalau Allah, tentu melalui Nabi dan itu berarti masuk kategori tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-ḥadīth. Kalau Allah (secara majāzī) melalui naṣ al-Qur’an secara haqīqī, maka apakah naṣ al-Qur’an ini menjadi dasar penafsiran naṣ al-Qur’an yang lain dengan sendirinya atau dengan bantuan penafsir? Pertanyaan ini menjadi problem epistemologis tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān melalui ilmu bantunya yaitu munāsabah al-Qur'an. Rumusan masalah dalam tulisan ini pertama, bagaimanakah metode munāsabah beroperasi dalam tafsir al-Qur'an dengan al-Qur'an. Kedua, apa dampak cara kerja metode munāsabah terhadap status tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān. Hasilnya, pertama, metode munāsabah yang dimanfaatkan untuk menjelaskan satu ayat terhadap ayat yang lain, bersifat ijtihādī; dan kedua, karena itu berpengaruh terhadap status kema’tsuran dan kehujjahan tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi ’l-Qur’ān yang selama ini mendapatkan tempat teratas dalam hirarki tafsir bi ’l-ma’thūr sehingga diperlukan reformulasi tafsir bi ’l-ma’thūr
KRITIK JÜRGEN HABERMAS TERHADAP PERAN DAN FUNGSI AGAMA DALAM MASYARAKAT MODERN
Get PDFAbstract: The wrong understanding of role and function of religion will make religion just function as instruments of legitimating those who use it irresponsibly. Therefore, it is important to take a certain paradigm to see and analyze the role and function of religion. That paradigm in its turn will restore religion in its essential role and function as a system of orientation and interpretation of the meaning of human life, as well as its relationship with God and others. The Theory of Religious Criticism and Communicative Practical Theory of Jürgen Habermas offers evaluative, reflective, and corrective critics of the role and function of religion. The fired criticism will, in turn, help religion restore its role and function as a bridge communicative and relational between human and God and the others. At the same time, religion is expected to return to its role and function in contributing to the realization of a receptive society in rational discursive rooms which in turn will enable the process of human emancipation. The further process of human emancipation is the formation of an increasingly strong personal and social identity, rooted in values or virtues derived from religion itself as the bridge that leads people to the real truth.Abstrak: Pemahaman peran dan fungsi agama yang keliru akan menjadikan agama sekadar menjadi alat legitimasi pihak yang memanfaatkannya secara tidak bertanggung jawab. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan paradigma untuk melihat sekaligus menganalisis peran dan fungsi agama supaya kembali pada hakikatnya sebagai sistem orientasi dan interpretasi atas hidup manusia pemaknaannya, serta relasinya dengan Tuhan dan sesama. Teori Kritik Agama dan Teori Praksis Komunikatif dari Jürgen Habermas menawarkan peluru-peluru kritik evaluatif, reflektif, dan korektif atas peran dan fungsi agama. Kritik yang ditembakkan tersebut pada gilirannya akan membantu agama mengembalikan peran dan fungsinya sebagai jembatan penghubung antara manusia dengan Tuhan dan sesamanya yang bersifat komunikatif dan relasional. Sekaligus dengan itu, agama diharapkan kembali pada peran dan fungsinya dalam memberi sumbangan atau berkontribusi pada upaya mewujudkan masyarakat yang reseptif pada ruang-ruang diskursif rasional yang pada gilirannya akan memungkinkan proses emansipasi kemanusiaan. Proses selanjutnya dari emansipasi kemanusiaan adalah pembentukan identitas personal dan sosial yang semakin kuat, yang berakar pada nilai-nilai atau keutamaan yang berasal dari agama itu sendiri sebagai jembatan yang mengarahkan manusia kepada kebenaran sejati.
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR SUFI AL-GHAZALI DAN PERGESERANNYA
Get PDFAbstract: In the history of tafsir development, there is a certain moment where there are some interactions between the Qur'an and the Sufis. Epistemologically, Sufis have a peculiar characteristic in looking at the Qur'an. The Sufis thaught that the Qur'an has two dimensions, esoteric and exoteric. These two sides are one unity and can not be separated. Al-Ghazali has its own nomenclature to refer to the ẓahir and inner sides of the Qur'an. The esoteric and exoteric dimensions of the Qur'an in the term al-Ghazali are called ‘ilm sadf and ‘ilm lubāb. The process of crossing from sadf to lubāb involves the role of imagination in istiqāmah suluk ilā Allāh. Viewed from the perspective of epidemiological division ala Abid al-Jabiri, the epistemology of al-Ghazali include the category of 'irfānī. But in its development al-Ghazali made a dialectic between the epistemology 'irfānī and bayānī at the same time, although the nuances of irfānī still remain dominant. This research attempts to answer the problem of how the process of the dialectic epistemology of al-Ghazali and how its building style. This kind of dialectic is one of al-Ghazali effort to built the harmonization between sadf science which tends to bayānī with the science of lubāb which tend to irfānī. Clearly, the process of this dialectic can be seen in one of his works Ihyā’ 'Ulūm al-Dīn. This research uses the qualitative method and includes library research. Abstrak: Dalam sejarah perkembangan tafsir, ada momen tertentu saat terjadi interaksi antara al-Qur’an dan kaum Sufi. Secara epistemologis, para Sufi memiliki ciri khas dalam memandang al-Qur’an. Kaum Sufi memandang bahwa Qur'an memiliki dua dimensi, esoterik dan eksoteris. Dua dimensi ini merupakan satu kesatuan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Al-Ghazali memiliki nomenklatur tersendiri untuk menyebut sisi ẓahir dan baṭin al-Qur’an. Dimensi esoterik dan eksoterik al-Qur’an dalam istilah al-Ghazali disebut dengan ‘ilm sadf dan ‘ilm lubab. Proses penyebrangan dari sadf ke lubāb ini melibatkan peran khayal dengan cara istiqāmah suluk ilā Allah. Ditinjau dari perspektif pembagian epistemologi ala Abid al-Jabiri, epistemologi al-Ghazali masuk dalam kategori ‘irfānī. Namun dalam perkembangannya al-Ghazali melakukan dialektika antara epistemologi ‘irfānī dan bayānī secara bersamaan, meskipun nuansa ‘irfānī masih tetap dominan. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menjawab rumusan masalah bagaimana proses dialektika epistemologi al-Ghazali dan bagaimana corak bangunannya. Dialektika ini merupakan upaya harmonisasi al-Ghazali antara ilmu sadf yang cenderung bayānī dengan ilmu lubab yang mendekati ‘irfānī. Secara jelas proses dialektika ini dapat dilihat dalam salah satu karyanya Ihyā’ Ulūm al-Dīn. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan merupakan penelitian kepustakaan
BUKU PANDUAN PENGKAFIRAN: Evaluasi Kritis Tibyān fī Ma’rifat al-Adyān karya Nūr al-Dīn al-Ranīrī
Get PDFAbstract: The aim of this article is to critically evaluate the thought of Nūr al-Dīn al-Ranīrī, particularly his thought in Tibyān fī Ma’rifat al-Adyān. The book contained his accusation of others as being a kafir. This Indian origin theologian explained the history of religions from the times of Adam to the times of Jesus. He claimed that those pre-Islamic religion had perverted. He discussed also Islamic theological schools such as Rafidi, Khawarij, Jabbariyah, Qadariyah, Jahmiyah, Murji'ah and Karamiyah. He said that those schools are perverted as well. According to him, only Ahl al-Sunnah wa ’l-jamā’ah is the right theology. He also discussed various ideologies and the practices of mysticism that have ever grown and claimed that those are perverted too, except the akhlaqi tasawwuf. This article reviews the historical background of Aceh chronically till this "guidance book of takfir" come into existence. For that cause, the content of Tibyān fī Ma’rifat al-Adyānwill is discussed in brief. Finally, the theological thought of al-Ranīrī regarding the unity of being. The article focuses on the criticism over the attack of al-Ranīrī against the concept of the unity of being held by Hamzah Fansūrī and Shams al-Dīn al-Sumatranī.Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi kritis atas pemikiran Nūr al-Dīn al-Ranīrī, khususnya dalam bukunya Tibyān fī Ma’rifat al-Adyān. Dalam buku tersebut dia mengkafirkan banyak pihak. Teolog asal India itu mengulas sejarah agama-agama sejak Adam hingga Isa al-Masih. Dia mengatakan agama-agama tersebut telah menjadi agama yang sesat setelah Islam muncul. Selanjutnya dia membahas aliran-aliran teologi seperti Rafidi, Khawarij, Jabariyah, Qadariyah, Jamamiyah, Murji’ah dan Karamiyah. Dia mengatakan semua aliran teologi tersebut adalah sesat. Menurutnya aliran yang benar hanya Ahl al-Sunnah wa ’l-Jamā’ah. Selanjutnya dia mengulas berbagai itikad dan praktik mistisme yang pernah berkembang dan mengatakan semua itu sesat kecuali aliran tasawuf akhlaqi. Tulisan ini mengulas tentang latar belakang Aceh secara kronologis hingga “buku panduan pengkafiran” tersebut hadir. Selanjutnya diulas secara ringkan isi Tibyān fī Ma’rifat al-Adyān. Terakhir dilakukan evaluasi kritis atas pandangan teologis al-Ranīrī tentang Waḥdat al-Wujūd. Tulisan ini berfokus pada kritik atas serangan al-Ranīrī terhadap pemikiran Waḥdat al-Wujūd yang dipegang oleh Hamzah Fansūrī dan Shams al-Dīn al-Sumatranī