Jurnal THEOLOGIA
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Integrity and Transparency: Public Perceptions of Religious Values Education in a Plural Society
Get PDFIn various countries, diversity impacts social conflicts in various forms, not ethnicity, ideology, but also religion. Although many conflicts are based on diversity in Indonesia, religion is the most accessible and most conflict-prone social identity. To address the issue, tolerance or moderation education has widely campaigned. However, the rise of intolerance indicates an unformed factor, namely the perception or attitude toward religious life. Therefore, it is essential to research religious life attitudes. This study aims to analyze the perception of religious life on claims of truth, uniqueness, relations of other religions, and global ethics. For this reason, the combined method with embedded design is a choice of approach from this study. Data collection is carried out simultaneously, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The analyses of the two were combined to get a complete picture of the respondents' religious perceptions or attitudes. The renewal of this study, in addition to empirical studies on the religious attitudes of millennials, is the relationship between perceptions/attitudes of religious life to the relationship between religions through global ethical issues as a common problem. The conclusions of this study are, (1) respondents see a global problem, but at the same time, there is a universal value in religion, (2) With this universal value belief, respondents tend to be open to dialogue because they believe there is goodness in religions, (3) For the problem of dogma teachings, respondents tend to be exclusive without closing the truth of other religions. The suggestions given, among others, are (1) religious education raises the dimension of global ethics, both humanitarian and ecological; (2) religious education builds a dialogical religious attitude with three conditions: understanding one's religion (the uniqueness and peculiarities of faith), being open to other religions, and offering the value of faith to overcome the global proble
Theological Issues of Pandemic Covid 19 in Malaysia: The Views of The Muslims Theologians
Get PDFThe outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19 in Malaysia started in March 2020. has not only affected Muslims well-being in terms of socio-economic, emotional, and mental health, but it has also challenged their theological understandings, specifically relating to the issue of Qada' and Qadar and Human Freedom of Will. Consequently, some Muslims refused to observe the government order to contain the spread of COVID-19 and accused the observant of the order of committing polytheism. To clarify the issue, this study aims to identify the theological perspectives of the Muslim theologians on COVID-19 and the methods to prevent it. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method. Data was collected through Youtube videos that contain views and responses of the well-known Muslim theologians from the school of Ahl Sunnah wal Jamaah on the theological issues related to the pandemic. The study found that the view of the Muslim theologians on COVID-19 shows that they uphold the Asha'rites understanding and teachings of the concept of Qada' and Qadar and human freedom of will. Therefore, they regarded the observant of the SOP or Islamic guidelines in preventing the spread of pandemic Covid 19 as a form of ikhtiyar and not as a form of polytheism
Half-hearted Inclusivism: The Theological Doctrine of Salvation in the Document of Lumen Gentium and the Fate of Others
Get PDFThis article examines the salvation concept in the Lumen Gentium document. The concept of salvation in the Christian tradition is based not only on the cross but also on the Lumen Gentium document, which guarantees safety for adherents of religions other than Christianity. This article aims to explain the doctrine of Christian Salvation through the Lumen Gentium document, analyze the debates and variations of views that exist in Christian theology regarding the fate of adherents of other religions, and look at the responses of Christian churches and theologians to these challenges and dilemmas about the fate of others. The approach used in writing this article is an analysis of the literature, which involves the study of theology, the study of ecclesiastical documents, and the study of the views of Christian theologians on soteriology. This article reveals that soteriology emphasizes the importance of explicit faith in Christ as the only way of Salvation stated in Christian teachings. However, there are debates and various views in Christian theology regarding the fate of those who embrace other religions. Some theologians try to embrace religious diversity by arguing that Salvation can be found in other religions through the grace of God working through Christ without explicit knowledge of Him. Meanwhile, some maintain the exclusive view that faith in Christ is the only way to Salvation. Soteriology shows that faith in Christ as the work of Salvation accomplished through His death on the Cross is the core of the Christian understanding of Salvation. But in the context of the fate of others, there are various views in Christian theology. Based on this fact, the inclusivism built by the Lumen Gentium document seems half-hearted. Therefore a healthy theological dialogue and more profound understanding are needed to respond to this complex challenge and to promote an inclusive experience and widespread love for all human beings
Qur'anic Digital Civility: Contemporary Indonesian Muslim Interaction on Social Media
Get PDFThis paper examines how the digital civility (morality) of contemporary Indonesian Muslim interaction on social media. The gap in Muslim behaviour on social media with the teachings of the Qur'an is caused by negative prejudice or sadistic behaviour; therefore, the values of Qur'anic digital civility are degraded. The research method used is a literature review examining Muslim interaction on social media such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Contextual hermeneutics is used to analyze the interaction patterns of Muslims on social media. This research shows that Muslim interaction patterns on social media fall into the disassociation category, leading to incivility. One of incivility is flaming (verbal attacks in the form of blasphemy and insults); this is proven by hateful posts on social media. This behaviour pattern in social media is far from Qur'anic values which call for good speech, honesty and avoiding hoaxes; the words used must be courteous, put forward the principles of appropriateness and decency, and smooth and soft. These values of Qur'anic teaching are called digital Qur'anic civilit
Sunnatullah as a Basis for Interpretation of the Qur'an and Hadith About Covid-19 on Indonesian Social Media
Get PDFSunnatullah (Causality Law) as the basis of interpretation is intended to make its concept as a limitation (taqyîd) from the generality or absoluteness of the al-Qur'an and Hadith texts. For example, the texts that talk about the implementation of congregational prayers, Friday prayers, other worship suggestions related to the crowd, are restricted by the rules (sunnatullah) of social distancing taken from the understanding of other religious texts. The massive number of people who state they should not be afraid of Covid19 and should only fear Allah is evidence of the lack of use of the concept of sunnatullah as the basis for interpreting the Qur'an and Hadith. Qualitative research using field-library and ethnographic research methods find that it is necessary to understand religious texts coupled with an understanding of the social sciences and humanities, especially the concept of sunnatullah. This research is intended to contribute to proper comprehension in understanding the Qur'an and Hadith so that there will be no contradiction in its interpretation with social, economic, political and health realities
Seyyed Hossein Nasr's Teaching on Sufism and Its Relevance to Modern Society
Get PDFThis article examines Seyyed Hossein Nasr's teaching on Sufism and its relevance to modern society. The fact is that the paradigm and lifestyle of modern humans are materialism-oriented. Therefore, they experience a spiritual emptiness that causes anxiety. This study applies the literature approach by collecting various related sources. This study found that Seyyed Hossein Nasr's idea of neo-Sufism can be an alternative paradigm for modern people to free themselves from the threat of materialism and hedonism. The Divine spirit of humans will form spiritual power in the human soul to keep the connectivity between the servant and God. Nasr's teaching on Sufism puts forward the concept of balance and moderation between the life in this world and hereafter, between shari'ah and haqeqat, and between individual and social life
Fasting of Dalā'il al-Qur'ān: Text, Reception, Transmission, and Transformation
Get PDFThis research aims to reveal the tradition of fasting in the Qur'an at the al-Falah Kudus Islamic Boarding School. The tradition of memorizing the Qur'an cannot be separated from the practice of fasting as a form of leisure in memorizing the Qur'an. The leisure of fasting Dalā'il al-Qur'ān at the al-Falah Islamic Boarding School is carried out when the students have completed the memorization of 30 juz. In practice, this fast must be carried out with the permission of the kyai, even though the number of days is not determined. The findings presented show that the Quran has made students who memorize the Quran memorize it, not just memorize it. The Qur'an has also encouraged them to carry out other special worship activities outside of memorizing the Qur'an. This then allows the worship activity to develop from its original form. Fasting, which was originally carried out without having anything to do with the activity of memorizing the Qur'an, was then carried out within the framework of memorizing the Qur'an. Therefore, the goal to be achieved from the fast also develops. Thus, the fasting of Dalā'il al-Qur'an has made the tradition of memorizing the Qur'an influence the development of orientation and goals to be achieved through fasting
Art: The Spiritual Path to God
Get PDFArt has long been a means of expression that serves to create aesthetic works and as a spiritual path that connects the individual to the transcendental dimension and God. In Islam, art has a vital role as a medium for achieving closeness to God, where works such as calligraphy, geometric art, and mosque architecture serve as decoration and meditative and reflective means. The background of this research is the increasingly strong influence of materialism and commercialization in modern art, which has led to the loss of spiritual dimension in artworks. This article uses literature study methodologies and case studies to explore how art remains relevant as a spiritual path in traditional and modern contexts. In the literature study, the author examines works that discuss the relationship between art and spirituality in the Islamic tradition and the contribution of Islamic art in strengthening awareness of God. The results of this study show that although the modern art world is often focused on the commercial aspect, art still has excellent potential to be a spiritual means that can connect individuals with God, personally and collectively. Contemporary Islamic art, through digital technology and interactive media, has managed to create an immersive and immersive spiritual experience for its connoisseurs
Confronting the Past Abuses: Indonesia and Southeast Asia
Get PDFThis article examines the politics of reconciliation in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It focuses in particular on the case of Talangsari killings in Indonesia and makes a regional comparison with Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines and Myanmar. The Indonesian experience illustrates some of the complex issues that arise when attempts are made to dealing with past abuses, especially in the context of the constraints and possibilities faced by new democracies. In a comparative perspective what is being experienced in Indonesia is not new in the sense that, as argued by scholars elsewhere, new democracies also have to face this kind of situation.1 This article argues that dealing with the past human rights abuses brings about real power struggles among the contending actors and power holders and it reflects the power structures within and outside the country. It is suggested that there is no “universal” model for dealing with past human rights abuses but some form of accountability which brings together the elements of prosecution, reconciliation and forgiveness could be considered
Islamic Radicalism: History and a Case Study in the Indonesia Context
Get PDFIn the history of Islam, in the classical era, radicalism has existed, so it is not a new phenomenon in the modern age. Since the time of the Caliph Umar radicalism has emerged, but not yet organized, only in the time of the Caliph Ali bin Abu Talib this movement began to be systemized and organized through a Khawarij theological movement with its radical and uncompromising understanding of various acts of violence to oppose the tahkim or arbitration between the caliphs. Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah. Arbitration takes place in the context of the Shiffin war in which the khawarij group considers those who agreed to deviate from Islamic teachings. Later in Cairo an organization that had the same characteristics as the khawarij emerged, who wanted the authenticity of the teachings of Islam in the form of literal interpretation, without compromise, softening or reduction or reinterpretation. In filling out theological studies related to radicalism, this research was made to analyze "The relationship between radical genealogists in the classical period and the contemporary era in interpreting the Qur'an literally" At the end of the analysis will discuss the deconstruction of jihad as an effort to explain the meaning of jihad from various paradigms