Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia
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Morphology and Physical Properties, Colored Cotton Fabric, from the Biowashing Process Using Cellulase Enzymes Derived from Straw and Rice Husk Fermentation by Aspergillus niger Bacteria
Get PDFCellulose enzymes are widely use for biowashing process. It was derived from Aspergillus niger fermentation using rice straw and husk as inoculum medium. In this research, cellulose enzyme was applicated on denim fabric with various enzyme concentration 1%, 2%, 3% owf at 60oC and pH 7, liquor ratio 1: 20 for 30 minutes. Characterization of fabric are analized using Scanning Electrone Microscope shows morphological transformation indicate the decrease fabric tensile strenght and stiffness. Denim fabric treatment by 3% cellulose enzyme using rice straw substrate gives morphological and fabric properties characterization similiar with denim fabric treatment by commecial cellulose enzyme
Synthesis of Tin(II) Oxide (SnO) Nanoparticle by Hydrothermal Method
Get PDFThis study aims to prepare nanomaterial tin(II) oxide (SnO) by using a simple hydrothermal method at low temperatures. The precursors used were tin(II) chloride dihydrate and sodium hydroxide pellets. Solid tin(II) chloride dihydrate and natrium hydroxide pellets are firstly dissolved in ethanol solvents separately and stirred for 3 h for each solution at a constant temperature 26oC. Characterization in this study were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results of the XRD analysis shows that the sample of SnO nanoparticle is in accordance with the standard JCPDS SnO structure. SnO nanoparticle has tetragonal crystal structures and PSC: tp4 groups. It can be concluded that the tetragonal SnO nanostructure can be produced by a simple hydrothermal method at low temperatures by optimizing several synthesis parameters. The structure of SnO nanostructure has several potential applications i.e the absorption of heavy metals, optics, and as a catalyst for dye photodegradation
The Determination of Metals and Minerals Contains in The Water of Pucung River, Prehistoric Site Sangiran, Central of Java
Get PDFSangiran was an important prehistoric site heritage for Indonesia. Entire site area was living environment once pass by several rivers, one of them was Pucung river. This study was approaching study from water environment by measuring metals and minerals contained in the water from Pucung river and measured that Iron (Fe) containend was 0,01mg/L; Zink (Zn) 0,02mg/L; Nickel (Ni) 0,00mg/L; Mangan (Mn) 0,00mg/L; Chrom (VI) (Cr6+) 0,009mg/L; Aluminium (III) (Al3+) 0,00mg/L and Copper (Cu) 0,01mg/L. From the minerals containing measured that Phosphate (PO4) 0,37mg/L; Nitrate (NO3-) 0,8mg/L; Nitrite (NO2-) 0,001mg/L; Chloride (Cl-) 0,01mg/L; Fluoride (F-) 0,00mg/L; Sulphide (S2-) 0,0µg/L; Sulphate (SO42-) 6,00mg/L; and N as N-NH3 (Ammonia) 0,05mg/L. This studi continuing the study before wich are just limiting to studying the river stratigraphy.
Effectiveness of Rice Husk and Bagasse Fly Ash as Adsorbent of Cr Metal on Batch System
No full textThis study aimed to utilize rice husk and bagasse fly ash as Cr metal adsorbent. In this study, the adsorption used batch system. The steps of research were preparation of materials, activation of materials with HCl and NaOH solutions, characterization test using SEM, FTIR and AAS. Determination of optimum condition of Cr metal adsorption on variation of adsorbent composition, adsorbent mass, adsorbate concentration and isotherm adsorption study. The result showed that the adsorbent of rice husk and bagasse fly ash can be used as adsorbent because there were pores that is based on SEM analysis, based on FTIR results that there were a –OH (hydroxyl) functional group at wavenumber 3424.76 cm-1 and Si-O from Si-O-Si (siloxane) functional group at wavenumber 1048.36 cm-1 in the combination of rice husk and bagasse fly ash adsorbent, based on AAS results it was found that the optimum composition ratio of rice husk and bagasse fly ash adsorbent was 1:2 with the percentage of Cr adsorbed 98.90%, the optimum adsorbent mass at 0.2 g with the percentage of Cr adsorbed 99.77% and the optimum adsorbate concentration at 20.645 mg/L with the percentage of Cr adsorbed 99.63%. The pattern of adsorption isotherm tends followed the Langmuir isotherm which means the adsorption process chemically
The Effect of Calcination Temperature on Cobalt Oxide Species and Performance for Catalytic Ozonation of NH4+ in Water
Get PDFCobalt oxide catalysts can be prepared by impregnation and calcined under different temperature to obtained different species of cobalt oxide, namely CoO(OH), Co3O4, and CoO. Co3O4 was the most appropriate catalyst for decomposing NH4+ with O3 in the presence of Cl– because of relatively high activity, 74%, and high selectivity for gas products, 88%, compared to CoO and CoO(OH). Cl– is necessary to proceed the catalytic ozonation of NH4+ since Cl– participate in the catalytic ozonation mechanism, while SO42– inhibited the process. During the catalytic ozonation of NH4+, Co3O4 showed no deactivation rather than enhanced the catalytic performance after repeated used up to 100% of NH4+ conversion. The Co3O4 can be regenerated by recalcining the catalyst under air at high temperature
The Effect of Mixing Method on Preparing Chitosan-Zeolite-Fe Composites on Fe(III) Release
Get PDFPreparation of an Fe(III) slow-release materials using chitosan and zeolite and evaluation of their release behavior in the 0.33 M citric acid has been done. The composite synthesis was carried out by varying the method of mixing basic ingredients. The first method was done by mixing chitosan gel, zeolite and Fe solution altogether (composite A). The second method was done by mixing chitosan gel with Fe solution and stirring, after that adding zeolite (composite B). The last method was done by interacting zeolite with Fe solution then stirring and then adding chitosan gel (composite C). The structure of the composite was characterized using an infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), and SEM. Evaluation of release in the citric acid 0.33 M for composite showed that the order of release of Fe(III) from the fastest was chitosan-Fe, composite A, composite B, composite C, zeolite-Fe with values of k are 0.049 mg/g; 0.016 mg/g; 0.015 mg/g; 0.011 mg/g; and 0.006 mg/g, respectively. The SEM images of composite showed rough surface morphology of composites due to the presence of zeolite-Fe which was not coated by the chitosan framework. Thus, it can be concluded that the chitosan-zeolite-Fe composite can be used as a Fe(III) slow-release composite but the variation of mixing method of the materials does no effect on the Fe(III) slow-release properties
Theoretical Modification of Cyanidin as Sensitizers in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Using Rhodanine Acetic Acid as Electron Withdrawing Group
Get PDFModification of cyanidin as sensitiser on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has been carried out theoretically in this study using rhodanine acetic acid. The rhodanine acetic acid as electron withdrawing group can increase the electron density of the LUMO state, so injection of the excited electron to the semiconductor can also be increase. The theoretical method used is DFT/B3LYP theory by NWChem software. The calculation shows that the LUMO energy of cyanidin rhodanine acetic is higher than cyanidin, so electron injection to the conduction band of the semiconductor is easier. This condition is supported by reduced of HOMO-LUMO energy gap, so the range of the sunlight that can be involved in the electron excitation process is wider. In addition, the LUMO electron density of the cyanidin rhodanine acetic is localized at rhodanine acetic which makes the distance of the excited electron is closer to the semiconductor, thereby facilitating electron injection
Influence of Contact Time on Loading 99Mo(n,γ) with Alumina Column in 99Mo / 99mTc Generator
Get PDFAlumina is usually used for 99Mo absorbers obtained from 235U fission product because the use of 235U is getting limited, and as an alternative 99Mo obtained from natural MoO3 irradiation was used. The problem is that 99Mo produced was not carrier-free as 99Mo from 235U fission product because not all MoO3 is activated to 99Mo, then it is necessary to know the effect of contact time when loading 99Mo into the alumina column. To find out the effect of contact time, the experiment was carried out using 99Mo pH 4, acid alumina column, contact time was varied between 1 to 60 minutes with interval of 15 minutes, and the column was eluted using 2 kinds of eluent namely 0.9% NaCl and MEK. The elution of 99Mo/99mTc generator is performed 3 times, days 1, 2 and 3. The results showed that the performance of alumina in absorbing 99Mo influenced by time. The optimal contact time is 15 minutes for 0.9% NaCl solution and 45 minutes for MEK. The amount of 99Mo breakthrough (µCi99Mo/mCi99mTc) from the alumina column increases with elution time both using 0.9% NaCl or MEK. The 99mTc eluate obtained from this study does not meet standard requirements. The use of a tandem column is needed to prevent 99Mo breakthrough on the 99Mo/99mTc generator to get the 99mTc which meet standard requirement
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Avocado Seed Starch (KIT-PBA) Edible Film
Get PDFChitosan is a biopolymer that has the advantage of being able to form films that are non-toxic which has great potential to form edible films. To improve the properties of edible films in the form of antioxidants, it is necessary to add other materials such as avocado seed starch. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of avocado seed starch on mechanical properties, degree of swelling and solubility of edible film chitosan-Avocado Seed Starch (Kit-PBA). This study uses a laboratory experimental method. Steps in this study are (1) extraction of avocado seed starch; (2) Making edible film Kit-PBA (mixing chitosan and avocado seed starch), heating and neutralizing) with a ratio between chitosan: avocado seed starch are at 50:50; 60:40; 70:30; 80:20; 90:10; 100: 0; (3) Characterization of Kit-PBA are (tensile strength and elongation) edible film mechanical properties, swelling test and solubility test. The results showed that the higher the concentration of chitosan in the Kit-PBA edible film, the tensile and elongation strength values would increase while the degree of swelling and solubility would decrease