Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia
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Leaching Basalt Rock using Averrhoa Bilimbi Extract
Get PDFThis research was conducted to determine the effect of solid/liquid ratio (s/v), temperature, and stirring Speed on per cent extraction of iron using oxalic acid from Averrhoa bilimbi. The variation of the solid/liquid (s/v) is 10%, 15% and 20 (%), the temperature variations used are 30, 60 and 90 oC, while the variation of the stirring Speed uses 200, 400 and 600 rpm. Some basalt rock samples are put into the reactor and leached using an oxalic acid solution from Averrhoa bilimbi. Within a certain period of time, the filtrate was taken and analyzed for Fe content using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The residue was analyzed using XRF and XRD. The results showed that the highest percentage of iron extraction for basalt rock leaching experiments using oxalic acid from Averrhoa bilimbi was achieved at a temperature of 90oC, 10% of solid/liquid ratio, 400 rpm stirring speed and 120 minutes of leaching time with a percent iron extraction of 65.90%. XRD analysis results showed that the compounds formed in the residual leaching were Anorthite, Ferrosilite, Cristobalite and quart low
Biosorption of Fe (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution using Kepok Banana Peel (Musa acuminate)
Get PDFThe present study used adsorbents from Kepok banana peel to remove Fe (II) from an aqueous solution. The effect of adsorbent dose and initial metal concentration was investigated at room temperature to evaluate the maximum adsorption and adsorption capacity of Kepok banana peels. The adsorption parameters studied were adsorbent mass [0.5-2.5 g], and initial Fe (II) concentration [30-70 mg/L], where the operating conditions were 50 ml of Fe metal solution was added to each adsorbent, the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 6. Then the mixture was stirred at 250 rpm for 30 minutes. In the adsorption process, it was found that 2.5 grams of mass adsorbent and 60 mg/L as initial metal concentration gave the highest adsorption and adsorption capacity, with 57.99% and 0.644 mg/g, respectively. FTIR spectra of adsorbent showed hydroxyl, carboxylic, and amine groups in Kepok banana peels. This study showed that Kepok banana peels had good potential for removing Fe (II) ions and could be used as a good adsorbent for removing the Fe (II) from water and wastewater at very little concentration
Identification of The Same and The Major Components in Zingiber amaricans BL., Zingiber aromaticum Val. and Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith Rhizomes Essential Oils from Jumapolo Karanganyar Central Java Indonesia
No full textThe aim of this research was to know about the same and the major essential oils components in bitter ginger (Zingiber amaricans BL.), fragrant ginger (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) and shampoo ginger (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) rhizomes from Karanganyar Central Java Indonesia. The steps of this research were prepared samples, extracted with steam destillation methode and identificated essential oil components of samples with Gass Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method. The same components between Z. amaricans BL., Z. aromaticum Val., and Z. zerumbet (L.) Smith were zerumbone, α-humulene, β-selinene dan (-)-caryophyllene oxide. The mayor constituent in Z. amaricans BL., Z. aromaticum Val., and Z. zerumbet (L.) Smith oils were zerumbone. Z. zerumbet (L.) Smith oil presented the highest quantity of zerumbone (77.62%)
Fabrication and Characterization of Passive Sampler using Polymeric Inclusion Membrane (PIM) as Diffusion Layer for Phosphate Measurement
Get PDFThe PIM-passive sampler is a passive sampler using PIM as a diffusion layer. This research aimed to optimize the concentration of PIM plasticizer and the concentration of phosphate ions in bulk solution to produce a PIM-passive sampler for phosphate measurement with high accuracy. In this study, a passive sampler was made of a 15 ml glass bottle containing 0.2 M H2SO4 solution as the receiving phase and PIM as a diffusion membrane. PIM was prepared by mixing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the base membrane, Aliquat 336-Cl as a carrier, and 1-decanol as a plasticizer. Sampling was done by immersing the passive sampler in the bulk phase solution for three hours. The phosphate concentrations in bulk and receiving phases were determined regularly every 30 minutes using the visible spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 690 nm. The results showed that the optimum concentration of 1-decanol for PIM was 15% w/w. The higher the plasticiser concentration, the PIM was oily, thus preventing the analyte from contacting the extractant. The range of phosphate ion concentrations in the sample that the PIM-passive sampler could detect was 0.1-1.3 mg P/L. The calibration curve for phosphate measurement was CTWA = 1.0664. Cs – 0.0088 with a correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9998. This shows that the PIM-passive sampler can be used for the measurement of phosphate ions with high accuracy.
Phytochemical Screening of Honey Pineapple Peel Extract and Its Application as an Antibacterial Additive in Dish Soap Formulation
Get PDFThis research aims to scientifically develop bioactive compounds from honey pineapple peel and develop a dish soap formulation with extract additives of honey pineapple peel that can be antibacterial. The research was conducted in stages, namely process of extracting honey pineapple peel was carried out by the maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent, phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of honey pineapple peel was done to determine the class of compounds contained in the extract, and application of honey pineapple peel extract in dish soap formulation was to obtain a dish soap formulation with optimal antibacterial activity. Testing the ability of dish soap products to inhibit S. aureus bacteria was performed by the method of filter paper disc diffusion. The results revealed that the ethanol extract of honey pineapple peel contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The ethanol extract of honey pineapple peel has been applied in a dish soap formulation and tested for the antibacterial activity of S. aureus. Antibacterial test results showed that the dish soap formulation with the addition of 5% pineapple peel extract provided strong antibacterial activity, indicated by a precise zone formation of 12.60 m
The Development of Structured Inquiry with three-Level Representation Module
Get PDFMole concepts are essential parts of chemistry learning and have become preliminaries to learn other chemistry concepts. However, the learning resource used has not incorporated three representations, resulting in students' learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop a structured inquiry module in terms of validity and practicality. The method used in this study is research development through the use of the Plomp model. There were 141 senior high school students in Padang participating in the study. The instruments of this study included cognitive tests. The result of the study indicated that the structured inquiry module had high validity (V=0.98), practicality based on teachers' response (P=0.36) and students' response (P=0.36)Furthermore, the result of the t-test toward hypotheses of the learning outcome of the mole concept showed that the learning outcome of the mole concept in experimental groups was higher than that of control groups at both schools. Hence, the structured inquiry module has high validity and practicality. It is also effective to be used in chemistry learning at school. The module developed is a module with three levels of representation (macroscopic level, submicroscopic level and symbolic level). The module contains structured inquiry activities. The module also includes several components such as teacher guidelines, student activity sheets, worksheets, worksheet keys, test sheets, test sheet keys.
Preparation and Characterization of Adsorbent from Natural Zeolite Mixed Chicken Feather in Degradation of Batik Waste Dyes Based Green Chemistry
Get PDFThis research is the adsorption of dyestuffs from batik industry waste. The adsorption method was used chicken feather adsorbent with natural zeolite. Zeolite was activated by HF. Feather flour was activated with 0.2 M KOH. The main focus of this research is determine the potential for dye degradation with the batch method.Samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). Measurement of dye degradation includes the effect of adsorbent concentration, pH, contact time and particle size of adsorbent. The results showed that the optimum pH in the degradation of dyestuffs from the batik industry waste was pH 8.5. The optimum contact times by activated and unactivated adsorbents were 65 minutes and 120 minutes, respectively. The reaction kinetics analysis showed the Freundlich adsorption model based on the experimental data. This indicates that the surface pores of the adsorbent are very influential in the degradation of the dye. Adsorption capacity of degradation dyestuffs with adsorbents has an efficiency of 94%. In the laboratory, it has been proven that adsorbents are able to degrade dyes in batik waste before being discharged into the water disposal system
Effectiveness of Using Zn Powder and Spongy Cadmium As Reductor on Free Nitrite and Nitrate Analysis Method Validation in Bread Samples by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Get PDFThis research had been carried out on the analysis of nitrite and nitrate in bread by UV-Vis spectrophotometry through a diazotization reaction. The research began by determining the optimum conditions for nitrite analysis while nitrate needs to be reduced using Zn powder or spongy cadmium so it can be analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Ionic interference could affect nitrite analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, then both nitrite and nitrate analysis methods were validated based on the method validation parameters. The diazotization reaction produced an azo compound which have λmax 546 nm. The validation results showed that the linearity of nitrite and nitrate has R2 = 0.9990 in the range 0-1 mg L-1 with a molar absorptivity value for nitrite without a reduction process was 3.37 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1, meanwhile 2.91 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 3.83 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 was shown for the reduced nitrite of Zn powder and spongy cadmium. The detection limits were 4.29 × 10-3, 9.34 × 10-3 ,and 7.58 × 10-3 mg L-1 .The %RSD results were 0.31-1.83% with recovery percentage of nitrite and nitrate in the range of 83.2-104.4%. The strongest ionic interference was shown by Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions at concentrations < 10 mg L-1. WHO has confirmed that the daily intake for nitrate that is acceptable to be consumed by human is 0-3.7 mg/kg
Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes in Batik Wastewater Using Biomass Adsorbents: Literature Review
Get PDFThis literature review aims to determine: 1. the content of chemical compounds in biomass waste, 2. the modification methods of biomass waste to be used as an adsorbent, 3. the suitable parameters for adsorbing anionic and cationic dyes. This literature review was conducted by Seven Steps Comprehensive Literature Review and reviewed 41 articles with the filtration processes. First, the search results using certain keywords in the Google Scholar database obtained 449 articles. Selection by year of publication (2016-2020), becomes 295 articles. Selection by duplicate and irrelevant articles, becomes 56 articles. Selection by publication type, becomes 47 articles. Lastly, full-text article screening becomes 41 articles. The results of this literature review show that: 1. Sources of biomass adsorbents include tea waste, peanut shells, cassava dregs, cassava peels, oil palm empty bunches, coffee grounds, corn cobs and coconut shavings. The content of chemical compounds in biomass waste include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The highest content of cellulose was found in peanut shells at 63,5%; hemicellulose was in coffee grounds at 40,55%; and lignin was in wood shavings at 17-35%. The content of cellulose in the adsorbent source affects the adsorption ability of the adsorbent produced. 2. The modification methods of biomass adsorbent include carbonization, physical and chemical activation, and nanocomposites. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents made by the carbonization-activation, chemical activation, and nanocomposite manufacturing method are 102,77 – 332,6 mg/g; 26,67 – 236,6 mg/g; and 12,42 mg/g, respectively. 3. Parameters that affect the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes are pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, and initial concentration of the adsorbate solution. The optimum conditions for anionic dyes adsorption by biomass adsorbents occurred at pH 2-4, contact time 30 – 40 minutes, 0,1 – 0,2 g of adsorbent mass, and initial concentration 80 – 100 mg/L. While the optimum conditions for cationic dyes adsorption occurred at pH 5-9, contact time 60 – 90 minutes, 0,2 – 0,3 g of adsorbent mass, and initial concentration 100 – 120 mg/L
Remazol Briliant Blue Uptake by Green and Low-Price Black Carbon from Ilalang Weeds (Imperata cylindrica) Activated by KOH Solution
Get PDFSynthesis of activated carbon (AC) from green, low-price, and renewable source as a pollutant adsorbent is growing interest of researcher. This work aims to synthesis of AC from Ilalang weed (Imperata cylindrica) (IW-AC) with KOH activator as a green and low price Remazol Brilliant Blue dye (RBB) adsorbent. The success IW-AC synthesis was evidently characterized by Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effects of initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial RBB concentration, and contact time were systematically investigated. Results showed the optimum condition of RBB adsorption was occurred at low pH (2.0-4.0) and 75 mg of adsorbent dosage. Under the optimum condition, the equilibrium adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with the adsorption capacity of RBB uptake was 13.42 mg/g. Calculation of adsorption energy by Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm model (13.39 kJ/mol) showed that the electrostatic interaction was the main interaction of RBB adsorption on IW-AC. Adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior followed the Ho pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental results of this work demonstrate that the IW-AC can be used as a promising green and low-cost adsorbent for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution