Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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STUDY OF Coleus amboinicus STEM EXTRACT IN INHIBITING MACROPHAGE CD-68 EXPRESSION IN WISTAR RATS WITH URIC ACID-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of Coleus amboinicus (CA) stem extracts on uric acid-induced nephropathy by comparingthe levels of Macrophage CD-68 expression and concentration of serum Cystatine C (CYS C ) in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats(Rattus norvegicus) with a body weight (bw) of 200-250 g, were allocated into three groups, with eight animals per group. The rats in controlgroup (PO) received 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution orally The rats in group 2 (P1) were orally induced with uric acid (UA) (500mg/kg) and oxonic acid (OA) (750 mg/kg.) and the rats in group 3 (P2) received uric acid (500 mg/kg), oxonic acid (750 mg/kg), and 500 mg/kgof the CA stem extracts for 35 days. Bloods were collected for analysis of serum CYS C expression and concentration of serum creatinine andblood nitrogen urea (BUN). The rats in all groups were sacrificed for kidney tissue extractions for macrophage CD-68 identification andhistopathology analysis. The levels of CYS C concentrations were analyzed by Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Sandwich-ELISA. Theresults showed that Coleus amboinicus stem extract at dose of 500 mg/kg bw can significantly reduce BUN and creatinine levels (P0.05), whileCys C levels were not different. In the treatment group (P2) compared with group (P1). CD-68 (ED-1) macrophage activity decreasedsignificantly (P0.05) in the treatment group (P2) compared to the control group and (P1). Nephrophaty induction using UA and OA causessevere kidney lesions characterized by degeneration, necrosis and inflammation of the renal tubules and glomerulus in the treatment group
LIVABILITY AND RECOVERY RATE OF BALI CATTLE SPERMATOZOA DURING PRESERVATION IN TRIS-BASED EGG YOLK DILUENT WITH DIFFERENT SUCROSE LEVELS
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the effect of sucrose addition in tris-based egg yolk diluent in maintaining and protecting spermatozoa during preservation. The design of this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of five treatments with ten replications. The treatments were tris-based egg yolk diluent without sucrose (P0, control), tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.2% sucrose (P1), tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.3% sucrose (P2), tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.4% sucrose (P3) and tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.5% sucrose (P4). The parameters measured were motility, livability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane, and recovery rate. Semen was evaluated 2 times, freshly after being collected and post thawed. The results showed that the increase level of sucrose addition from 0.2% to 0.5% increased the motility value from 43.59% to 48.15%, the livability value from 51.24% to 55.45%, the intact plasma membrane value from 44.66% to 48.21%, the recovery rate value from 54.6% to 60.2 %, and reduce the abnormality value from 13.49%-10.24%. It can be concluded that the addition of 0.2- 0.5% sucrose in tris-based egg yolk diluent could increase motility, livability, intact plasma membrane, recovery rate, and could reduce the abnormalities of Bali cattle spermatozoa during preservatio
EFFECT OF BLACK CUMIN OIL ADMINISTRATION ON CORTISOL LEVEL AND LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY OF HEAT STRESSED BROILER CHICKENS
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to observe cortisol levels and liver histopathology of broiler chicken that were treated with black cumin oil (BCO) under heat stress. A total of 15 broiler chickens were used in this study and divided into 5 groups, K- (without treatment), K+ (given heat stress), P1 (given heat stress and 0.56mL BCO/400kg body weight, P2 (given heat stress and 1.11 mL BCO/400 g body weight), and P3 (given heat stress and 2.22 mL BCO/400 g body weight). Heat stress was given for 5 hours with temperature range of 34-35 C for 7 days. Cortisol was measured using the cortisol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Liver histopathology was stained with hematoxylin eosin and observed with electron microscope. The data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This study found that application of heat stress to broiler chickens increased cortisol levels and induced histopathological changes in the liver. The BCO administration reduced cortisol level significantly (P0.05) in heat-stressed broilers. BCO administration also significantly reduced (P0.05) the degenerative changes in liver histopathology such as fat degeneration, hemorrhage and necrosis in broiler chickens under heat stress, but did not significantly influence the inflammatory cells infiltration. As conclusion, BCO administration to broiler chickens under heat stress can reduce cortisol levels and minimize histopathological changes in the liver
Identification and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Circulates in some districts in Aceh
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were to assess the diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) isolates; to detect and isolate NDV from poultry; and to identify and characterize NDV by serological and molecular assays. A total of 84 cloacal-oropharynx isolates of poultry was collected from privately owned poultries and poultry markets from 12 districts in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh. Screening was performed by real time reverse transcriptation-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to 15 isolates of poultry. Selected isolates were inoculated in 9-11 days old embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) eggs and showed positive hemagglutination (HA). Characterization was performed through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using Komarov and Hitchner B1 antisera, elution test, RT-PCR and realtime RT-PCR fusion (F). All isolates had a higher affinity to Komarov antisera (titer up to 4 log), indicating virulent strain. This was supported by elution test which showed that 93.66% isolates were virulent and 6 % non-virulent. In conclusion, RT-PCR can detect Matrix gene from 15 isolates (100%), while Fusion gene only detected from 11 isolates (73.3%). rRT-PCR is more capable of detecting antigenic diversity compared to RT-PCR
MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRY OF Haemonchus contortus IN GOATS IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Get PDFThis research was carried out to determine the morphology and morphometry of Haemonchus contortus in goats. Adult female parasites were collected from abomasum of naturally infected goats and stored in lactophenol. Images of the parasite were acquired using lucida camera and measurement was performed using Axiovision LE software. Basic characters of the morphology and morphometry of Haemonchus spp. were identified by determining the value of the discriminant function of three parameters on spicule. Vulvar morphology was identified by vulvar flap shape. Data were presented in terms of mean, standard deviation, and percentage. A hundred percent of the parasites were H. contortus with discriminant function value 0.63. The size of female parasites was longer and wider (25.5-32.6 mm; 0.38-0.63 mm) than that of male ones (17.3-20.0 mm; 0.24-0.33 mm). There were only 2 varieties of vulvar flap, linguiform (81%), and knobbed (19%). There were 5 subclasses identified in the linguiform type, including linguiform A (39%), linguiform B (22%), linguiform C (17%), linguiform I (1%), and a new subclass of linguiform D (2%). Based on the the type of vulvar flap, H. contortus found in goats in Yogyakarta were different to those found in previous researches. The findings could be used in identifying the parasite species in small ruminants
THE PROFILE OF SUPEROXIDA DISMUTASE AND MALONDIALDEYDE LEVEL IN THE LIVER TISSUE OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RATS TREATED WITH Holothuria nobilis POLYSACCHARIDE
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to analyze the profile of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) on the liver tissue of hypercholesterolemic rats which were given Holothuria nobilis polysaccharides (HNP). A total of 15 male rats strain Sprague Dawley were divided into prevention and curative groups. Prevention group consisted of negative/non-hypercholesterolemic group (K-), positive/hypercholesterolemic group (K+), and hypercholesterolemic prevention group which were given 1% cholesterol diet and HNP at dose of 400 mg/kg bw (PCh). The treatments were given for 28 days. The curative group was consisted of the hypercholesterolemic group, which was given 1% cholesterol diet for 28 days, then followed by standard diet for 28 days (Ch), and the hypercholesterolemia curative group which was given 1% cholesterol diet for 28 days, then followed by 400 mg/kg bw HNP for 28 days (ChP). The antioxidant activity of HNP was analyzed by DPPH method. At the end of study the liver tissue was collected and analyzed for MDA, SOD while Cu,Zn-SOD was analyzed by immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of HNP was weak. The MDA level (g/g) in K-, K+, PCh, Ch, and ChP groups were 1.190.6; 3.370.79; 0.290.14; 9.110.72; and 3.141.06, respectively. The SOD activities (U/g) in K-, K+, PCh, Ch, and ChP groups were 2141.1183.88; 1541211.69; 2096.67166.66; 1063.3388.19; 1685.55167.77, respectively. The immuno reactivity of Cu,Zn-SOD showed that HNP could increase Cu,Zn-SOD in the liver tissues of both groups. This study concluded that the HNP increased SOD activity, Cu,Zn-SOD antioxidant content, and decreased MDA levels in the liver tissues of hypercholesterolemic rats in both preventive and curative groups
HISTOMORPHOMETRY OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES OF LOCAL GOATS FIXED WITH DIFFERENT FIXATIVES
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to further understand the histomorphometry of seminiferous tubules from local goat testicles that were fixed with different fixatives. Nine testicles were randomly chosen, each fixed with 10% formalin, 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), and 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) solutions. The sample was then proceeded to histology preparation and stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE). Observation of the tissue was carried out using microscope and the data obtained was analyzed statistically. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P0.05) on each fixative in tubular diameter and membrane, and very significant difference (P0.01) on germinal cell and staining absorbability. Duncan test result on tubular diameter showed that the use of PFA fixative was significantly different (P0.05) compared to formalin fixative while the use of NBF fixative had no significant difference (P0.05) compared to PFA fixative. In addition, the measurement of interstitial membrane of seminiferous tubules showed no significant difference (P0.05) among three fixatives. To conclude, formalin, NBF, and PFA fixatives affect seminiferous tubules, basal membrane structure, and germinal cell appearance inside tubular lumen. Type of tissues and fixative must be considered in selecting the suitable fixative
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CORTICAL AND MEDULLARY CELLS OF ADRENAL GLAND IN THE LONG-TAILED MACAQUE (Macaca fascicularis) DURING PRE- AND POSTNATAL PERIOD
Get PDFThe study aimed to analyze the dynamics of the development of cortical and medullary cells of adrenal gland in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) during pre- and postnatal period. The samples of adrenal glands were taken from 5 fetuses aged 70, 85, 100, 120, and 150 days of gestation, a newborn aged 10, and an infant aged 105 days old. The samples of the adrenal glands were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome (Goldners modification). The results showed that the fetal adrenal cortex consisted of a definitive and fetal zones, but in the late gestation (fetus aged 150 days of gestation), the transitional zone appeared between both zones. At the postnatal period, the definitive zone changed to glomerulosa zone, while the outer cells of the transitional zone changed to fasciculata zone which radially arranged. The results indicated that the fetal zone was present until birth and it will disappear gradually after birth. The medullary cells were found at the fetal stages as an irregular structure of small islands of chromaffin cells in the fetal zone. This structure migrated slowly to the center of the adrenal glands. The characteristics of mature chromaffin cells were found in the adrenal glands at postnatal period. In conclusion, the cortex adrenal of the newborn of long-tailed macaque consisted of zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona transitional, and the remaining fetal zone that has dissapeared gradually after birth
CRYOPRESERVATION OF KAMPUNG ROOSTER SEMEN USING EGG YOLK DILUENT FROM FOUR TYPES OF POULTRY WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the type and the best concentration of egg yolk in maintaining the quality of kampung rooster spermatozoa during cryopreservation. This study used a completely randomized factorial pattern design with the first factor was the type of egg yolk (purebred chicken, kampung chicken, duck, and quail) and the second factor was the concentration of egg yolk (5%, 10%, and 15%). Semen was collected from twelve kampung roosters using massage method. Immediately after collection, the semen was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Semen with more than 70% motility was used in this study. The semen was diluted, packed in a ministraw, equilibrated, and frozen using liquid nitrogen vapor and stored in a liquid nitrogen container for 24 hours. Observation of spermatozoa motility was carried out in fresh semen, diluted semen, after equilibration and after thawing with four replications. The results showed that the type of egg yolk treatment had no effect (P0.05) on the recovery rate and motility of spermatozoa before and after cryopreservation, but egg yolk concentration had a highly significant effect (P0.01) on the quality of spermatozoa. Egg yolks in 10-15% concentration had spermatozoa motility and recovery rate higher than egg yolk with 5% concentration. In conclusion, purebred chicken egg yolk, kampung chicken egg yolk, duck egg yolk, and quail egg yolk each in diluent can be used to maintain the quality of kampung rooster spermatozoa at a concentration of 10-15% during cryopreservation