Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX
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Effects of Shochu Distillery By-products on the Energy Budget of Common Carp
Get PDFThe effects of Shochu distillery by-products (SDBP) were investigated by supplementary different level of SDBP to the basal diets for Japanese Common carp. To clarify the growth performances, energy budget equation was applied in this study. The feeding trial was conducted for 20 days by feeding the test diets containing SDBP at 0, 2,1 and 4.2%, respectively. Based on the energy budget equation, the digestible energy (DE) requirements for the maximum growth ranged from 49.0 – 55.8 kcal/ind/d. The 4.2% SDBP diet yielded 6.5% higher growth energy but 7.1% lesser metabolic energy than the control. The energy budget on 4.2% SDBP diet accounted for 10.6% of feces (2.42 kcal/ind/d), 4.2% of non-fecal (0.93 kcal/ind/d), 39.4% of metabolic loss (9.03 kcal/ind/d) and 45.9% of growth (10.5 kcal/ind/d), respectively. Correspond to the control, non-fecal and metabolic energies were lower, in 4.2% SDBP resulting in the higher product energy. The above results indicate that SDBP can be utilized as a supplement ingredient for the growth promotion of carp feed, since it could provide a superior property for growth energy of fish by reduced energy of metabolic loss and non-fecal losses.
Key words: Shochu distillery by-products; Energy requirements; Metabolic loss; Growth; Car
Cadmium (Cd) Concentration in Mudskipper, Water and Sediment in the Mangrove Area of Pemangkat West Kalimantan
Get PDFMangrove vegetation has a wide range of distribution on the Indonesian coast, including Pemangkat, Sambas Regency, and West Kalimantan. Near this area, there are various activities, such as industrial, fishing, and shipping which are possible sources of heavy metal pollution. Water pollution caused by heavy metals is one of the serious problems. This condition can reduce water quality and has an impact on aquatic organisms. Monitoring of water quality needs to be done to reduce health problems and maintain the stability of aquatic ecosystems. Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus sp.) can be used as a bioindicator due to its ability to accumulate heavy metals from the environment, especially in mangrove areas. Heavy metal such as cadmium (Cd) is difficult to decompose and toxic to the environment and biota. This heavy metal pollution may originate from port and fisheries activities. The aim of this study was to determine the Cd content in the Mudskipper, waters, and sediment samples. Sampling was carried out at two stations. Analysis of the Cd content was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The result showed that concentrations of Cd in the waters and sediment samples were above the threshold. Meanwhile, the Cd level in Mudskipper flesh was still below the maximum limit.
Keywords: heavy metal, cadmium (Cd), mudskipper, Pemangkat, West Kalimanta
Community Structure of Macroalgaes in Coastal Waters of Molas, Bunaken District, Manado City
Get PDFAs a marine biological resource macroalgae grow and develop naturally in the waters of Manado Bay, especially in the coastal waters of Molas. This study aims to analyze the community structure of macroalgae in the coastal waters of Molas, Bunaken District, Manado City. Data retrieval in the field using the Line Transect method with quadratic sampling technique performed at the lowest ebb analysis of the data required to obtain an overview of the macroalgae community structure and performed several formulas. Found 6 species consisting of 3 red algae (Rhodophyceae) G. edulis, G. salicornia, Gracilaria sp., 1 brown alga (Phaeophyceae) Padina australis, and 2 green algae (Ulvophyceae) Halimeda macroloba and Chaetomorpha crassa.
Keywords: macroalgae, community structure, coastal waters, Molas, Manado
Abstrak
Sebagai sumberdaya hayati laut makroalga tumbuh dan berkembang secara alamiah di Perairan Teluk Manado, khususnya di pantai Molas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas makroalga di perairan pantai Molas Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado. Pengambilan data di lapangan menggunakan metode Line Transect dengan teknik sampling kuadrat dilakukan pada surut terendah Analisis data yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran struktur komunitas makroalga dan dilakukan beberapa formula. Ditemukan 6 spesies yang terdiri dari 3 alga merah (Rhodophyceae) yaitu G. edulis, G. salicornia, Gracilaria sp., 1 alga coklat (Phaeophyceae) yaitu Padina australis, dan 2 alga hijau (Ulvophyceae) yaitu Halimeda macroloba dan Chaetomorpha crassa.
Kata kunci: makroalga, struktur komunitas, perairan pantai, Molas, Manad
Gastropod community structure on seagrass beds in Bahoi Village, North Minahasa
Get PDFThe village of Bahoi has a vast expanse of seagrass meadows of approximately 16.50 Ha, located between mangrove and coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to inventory the gastropod species in the seagrass meadow of Bahoi village waters and to determine the gastropod community structure through analysis of species density, relative density, species diversity index, and dominance index. The method used was a transect line method along 50 meters and a 1x1m quadrat pulled towards the sea, repeated three times during low tide. A total of 117 individuals were found, belonging to 26 species (11 families and 17 genera) of gastropods in the seagrass meadow of Bahoi village coastal waters. Based on the results, the highest density value was 1.10 ind/m2 with a relative density of 28.20%. Based on the analysis, the dominance index (D) of gastropods in the seagrass meadow of Bahoi village coastal waters was low, with values of D = 0.019 to 0.041, indicating that there was no specific species dominance in the seagrass meadow of Bahoi village coastal waters. This has an effect on the diversity index with a value of H' = 2.51, which is categorized as moderate. These results show that the diversity of gastropod species in the seagrass meadow of Bahoi village waters is quite diverse due to the absence of specific gastropod species dominance.
Keywords: Bahoi, Seagrass Meadow, Gastropods, Community Structure.
Abstrak
Desa Bahoi memiliki luas hamparan padang lamun ± 16.50 Ha yang berada di antara ekosistem mangrove dan ekosistem terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan inventarisasi jenis-jenis gastropoda di hamparan lamun perairan Desa Bahoi, dan mengetahui struktur komunitas gastropoda melalui analisis kepadatan spesies, kepadatan relatif, indeks keanekaragaman spesies, dan indeks dominasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode transek garis sepanjang 50 meter dan kuadrat berukuran 1×1m yang ditarik ke arah laut, dan dilakukan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali pada saat air surut.Ditemukan 117 individu yang termasuk ke dalam 26 spesies (11 famili dan 17 genera) gastropoda di hamparan padang lamun perairan pantai desa Bahoi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai kepadatan tertinggi sebesar 1,10 ind/m2 dengan kepadatan relatif 28,20%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, Indeks Dominansi (D) gastropoda di hamparan lamun perairan pantai desa Bahoi tergolong rendah, dengan nilai D=0,019 sampai dengan 0,041 menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat dominasi spesies tertentu di hamparan padang lamun perairan pantai desa Bahoi. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Keanekaragaman dengan nilai H’=2,51 sehingga berada pada kategori sedang. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman jenis gastropoda di hamparan lamun perairan pantai desa Bahoi cukup beragam dikarenakan tidak adanya dominasi spesies gastropoda tertentu.
Kata kunci: Bahoi, Padang Lamun, Gastropoda, Struktur Komunita
Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Ultraviolet Activity Test Of Black Cucumber (Holothuria atra) Extract From Tongkaina Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City
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The purpose of this study was to obtain the crude extract of Holothuria atra, test its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium strains using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion), test the anti-UV of Holothuria atra extract taken from Tongkaina Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City. Antibacterial testing was carried out with several different concentrations, from the results of antibacterial testing carried out the average inhibition zone on E. coli bacteria with 100,000 ppm the average inhibition zone was (9.67 mm), for 50,000 ppm the average inhibition zone was (8 mm), from B. megaterium bacteria known to have H.a 100,000 ppm producing an average inhibition zone (9.67 mm), H.a 50,000 ppm an average inhibition zone of (8.67 mm). The results of the anti-UV test for Holothuria atra extract showed absorption in UV-C at λ 210 nm with the highest absorbance value of 2.774.
Keywords: Sea cucumber, Antibacterial, Anti-UV, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan ekstrak kasar Holothuria atra, menguji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap strain Escherichia coli dan Bacillus megaterium dengan metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer), menguji anti-UV dari ekstrak Holothuria atra yang diambil dari Perairan Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan beberapa konsentrasi yang berbeda, dari hasil pengujian antibakteri yang dilakukan rerata zona hambat pada bakteri E. coli dengan 100.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (9,67 mm), untuk 50.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (8 mm), dari bakteri B. Megaterium diketahui H.a 100.000 ppm menghasilkan rerata zona hambat (9,67 mm), H.a 50.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (8,67 mm). Untuk hasil pengujian anti-UV ekstrak Holothuria atra menunjukkan serapan pada UV-C pada λ 210 nm dengan nilai absorban tertinggi 2,774.
Kata kunci : Teripang laut, antibakteri, anti-UV, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium
Seagrass Community in the Coastal Waters of Sapa Village, Tenga District, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province
Get PDFSapa Village, Tenga District, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province has a seagrass meadow ecosystem, but there is still a lack of information about the seagrass community in the waters of Sapa Village, which is the reason for researching the presence of seagrass in these waters. With the aim of knowing the types of seagrass, environmental conditions, species density, relative density, domination index, and species diversity index. Based on the results of observations at the location, it showed a temperature of 30OC, salinity of 30‰, pH 8, and sandy substrate and coral rubble. The results of the identification there are 4 types of seagrass namely Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halodule uninervis. The type with the highest number of individuals vizThalassia hemprichii with a total of 694 individuals, Halodule uninervis 557 individuals, Cymodocea rotundata358 individuals andSyringodium isoetifolium 324 individuals. Density index type (10,80 – 23,13 individuals/m2), relative density (16.76 - 35.90%) dominance index D = 0.32, and diversity H = 1.33.
Keywords: seagrass, sapa village, community structure
Abstrak
Desa Sapa Kecamatan Tenga Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara memiliki ekosistem padang lamun namun masih kurangnya informasi mengenai komunitas lamun di perairan Desa Sapa ini menjadi alasan untuk meneliti tentang keberadaan lamun di perairan tersebut. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun, kondisi lingkungan, Kepadatan spesies, Kepadatan Relatif, Indeks Dominasi, dan Indeks Keanekaragaman Spesies. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lokasi menunjukan suhu 30oC, salinitas 30‰, pH 8 dan substrat berpasir serta pecahan karang. Hasil identifikasi terdapat 4 jenis lamun yaitu Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Halodule uninervis. Jenis dengan jumlah individu terbanyak yaitu Thalassia hemprichii dengan jumlah 694 individu, Halodule uninervis 557 individu, Cymodocea rotundata 358 individu dan Syringodium isoetifolium 324 individu. Indeks kepadatan jenis (10,80 – 23,13 individu/m2), kepadatan relatif (16,76 - 35,90%) indeks dominasi D=0,32 dan keanekaragaman H= 1,33.
Kata kunci: lamun, desa sapa, struktur komunita
Condition of Coral Reefs in the Waters of Kalasey Satu Village, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi
Get PDFThe waters of Kalasey I Village have various resources and environmental services that are the potential to be utilized sustainably, such as tourism. The development activities in the tourism sector look so fast in this area with the establishment of several tourism infrastructures, such as diving centers, cottages, resorts,s and restaurants. These activities are thought to be able to affect the coral reef ecosystem. This study aims to determine the coral reef conditions, especially the reef flat, based on the percent cover of the live corals. Data collection was carried out at a depth of 3 meters with 3 replications using an Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) technique. Data obtained were analyzed using Coral Point Count with excel extension (CPCe) software. Based on the percent cover of live corals, the condition of coral reefs in the Kalasey 1 village waters was classified as poor with a coral cover percentage of 2.93%.
Keywords: Tourism development, Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), percent cover, coral point count (CPCe)
Abstrak
Perairan di Desa Kalasey I memiliki berbagai sumberdaya serta jasa lingkungan yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan secara berkesinambungan seperti potensi pariwisata. Kegiatan pembangunan di sektor pariwisata terlihat begitu pesat di wilayah ini dengan berdirinya sejumlah infrastruktur pariwisata seperti diving center, cottage, resort dan rumah makan, dimana aktivitas tersebut diduga dapat mempengaruhi ekosistem terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang, khususnya rataan terumbu (reef flat), berdasarkan persentase tutupan karang di perairan Desa Kalasey I Kecamatan Mandolang Kabupaten Minahasa. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada kedalaman 3 meter dengan 3 ulangan, menggunakan teknik Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan software Coral Point Count with excel extension (CPCe). Diperoleh hasil kondisi terumbu karang tergolong dalam kategori miskin dengan persentase tutupan karang sebesar 2.93 %.
Kata kunci: Pembangunan pariwiata, Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), persen tutupan, coral point count (CPCe
Community of Phytoplankton as Aquatic Quality Bioindicator in Teluk Melanau Waters Lemukutan Island West Kalimantan
Get PDFLemukutan Island has the potential of natural resources with a high level of diversity, including phytoplankton. Lemukutan Island has been developed as a marine tourism destination and other activities. A way to monitor water conditions is by observing physical, chemical, and biological parameters. This study aimed to determine the community structure of phytoplankton as a water quality bioindicator and analyze the environmental parameters' correlation to the abundance of phytoplankton in Teluk Melanau, Lemukutan Island. Determination of sampling stations using a purposive sampling method. Phytoplankton identification, quantity, biological index, and measurement of environmental parameters were carried out in this study. The results showed that the phytoplankton community consisted of 77 genera and Bacillariophyceae has the highest percentage contribution (90.44%). The most common genera were Cocconeis, Nitzchia, Synedra, and Chaetoceros. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 2-1521 ind/L. The biological index showed that Teluk Melanau was in an unpolluted condition. Environmental parameters were still in the optimal range for the growth of phytoplankton. The abundance of phytoplankton is very strongly correlated with salinity, DO, nitrate, and phosphate, strongly correlated with pH and very weakly correlated with brightness, temperature, and current velocity.
Keywords: Community structure, phytoplankton, bioindicator, Lemukutan Island.
Abstrak
Perairan pulau Lemukutan memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam, termasuk fitoplankton. Pada saat ini, pulau Lemukutan telah dikembangkan sebagai destinasi wisata bahari dan berbagai aktivitas lainnya. Aktivitas tersebut dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kualitas perairan. Salah satu cara melakukan monitoring kondisi perairan yaitu dengan cara pengamatan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan dan menganalisis korelasi parameter lingkungan terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di Perairan Teluk Melanau, Pulau Lemukutan. Penentuan stasiun pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk mewakili rona lingkungan yang ada. Identifikasi fitoplankton, kelimpahan, indeks biologis, dan pengukuran parameter lingkungan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur komunitas fitoplankton terdiri dari 77 genera, dimana Bacillariophyceae merupakan komponen dengan persen kontribusi tertinggi (90,44%). Jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu Cocconeis, Nitzchia, Synedra, dan Chaetoceros. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 2-1521 ind/L. Indeks biologi menunjukkan bahwa perairan Teluk Melanau berada pada kondisi tidak tercemar. Parameter lingkungan masih dalam rentang optimal untuk pertumbuhan fitoplankton. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkorelasi sangat kuat dengan salinitas, DO, nitrat, dan fosfat, berkorelasi kuat dengan pH dan berkorelasi sangat lemah dengan kecerahan, suhu, dan kecepatan arus.
Kata kunci: struktur komunitas, fitoplankton, bioindikator, pulau Lemukutan
Sustainable Development Strategy For Water Tourism Park Conservation Area In North Minahasa Regency
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The Government of Indonesia has targeted 32.5 million hectares of marine conservation areas or 10% of the total area of Indonesian waters in 2030. The location of the Water Tourism Park Conservation Area of North Minahasa Regency has been reserved by the North Sulawesi Provincial Government through Governor Decree Number 407 of 2018 covering an area of 25,838.91 hectares. The purpose of this research is to formulate a strategy for the sustainable development of the Water Tourism Park Conservation Area in North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for 6 months starting from June - December 2022. The method used in this research is a descriptive research method with survey techniques, namely by collecting data through interviews with relevant stakeholders as respondents. The results of this study obtained 10 (ten) priority strategies for the sustainable development of Water Tourism Park Conservation Area in North Minahasa Regency which will be recommended to the local government, in this case the Marine and Fisheries Office of North Sulawesi Province and related stakeholders as suggestions and materials that can be proposed in the context of making public policy in the field of marine and fisheries.
Key words: Conservation; North Minahasa; Sustainable Development; Strategy; Water Tourism Park
Abstrak
Pemerintah Indonesia telah menargetkan 32,5 juta hektar kawasan konservasi perairan atau 10% dari luas perairan Indonesia pada tahun 2030. Lokasi Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Perairan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara telah dicadangkan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara melalui Surat Keputusan Gubernur Nomor 407 Tahun 2018 seluas 25.838,91 hektar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan berkelanjutan Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Perairan di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 6 bulan dimulai dari Juni - Desember 2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik survey, yaitu dengan cara pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan para stakeholders terkait sebagai responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan 10 (sepuluh) strategi prioritas untuk pengembangan berkelanjutan Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Perairan di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang akan direkomendasikan kepada pemerintah daerah dalam hal ini Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara beserta stakeholders terkait sebagai saran dan bahan yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam rangka pembuatan kebijakan publik pada bidang kelautan dan perikanan.
Kata kunci: Konservasi; Minahasa Utara; Pengembangan Berkelanjutan; Strategi; Taman Wisata Peraira
Acquisition of Tidal Measurement Data in The Waters Around Bitung City For Predictional Purposes: Akuisisi Data Pengukuran Pasang Surut di Perairan Sekitar Kota Bitung Untuk Keperluan Prediksi
Get PDFThe existence of the waters around the city of Bitung with all its intensive utilization makes information regarding tidal conditions very important to continue to study. In the waters around Bitung City, there are two tidal measurement stations, the BMKG station, and the IOC station. This research was conducted to analyze the accuracy of tide prediction results based on measurement data at two tide stations located in the waters around Bitung City. The research was conducted by applying the least squares method to calculate the amplitude and phase of the tidal harmonic constants, followed by predicting tidal data. The result was that the most accurate predictions were obtained through a study of tidal data from IOC measurement stations in March–April 2021 with an average deviation of 4.35 cm. However, tide predictions using BMKG measurement station data are more consistent with an average deviation of ± 5 cm, compared to the average deviation of tide predictions from IOC measuring stations which vary from 4.35 – 27.67 cm.
Keywords: Tidal prediction, Tidal constants, Tidal amplitude, Mean sea level
Abstrak
Keberadaan perairan sekitar Kota Bitung dengan semua pemanfaatan intensifnya menyebabkan informasi menyangkut kondisi pasang surut sangat penting untuk terus dikaji. Di perairan sekitar Kota Bitung terdapat dua stasiun pengukuran pasang surut, yaitu stasiun BMKG dan stasiun IOC. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis akurasi hasil prediksi pasut berdasarkan data hasil pengukuran di dua stasiun pasut yang berlokasi di perairan sekitar Kota Bitung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode kuadrat terkecil untuk menghitung amplitudo dan fase konstanta harmonik pasang surut, dilanjutkan dengan melakukan prediksi data pasut. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa prediksi yang paling akurat diperoleh melalui kajian data pasut stasiun pengukuran IOC pada bulan Maret–April 2021 dengan deviasi rata-rata sebesar 4,35 cm. Walaupun demikian prediksi pasut menggunakan data stasiun pengukuran BMKG lebih konsisten dengan deviasi rata-rata ± 5 cm, dibandingkan dengan deviasi rata-rata prediksi pasut stasiun pengukuran IOC yang bervariasi dari 4,35 – 27,67 cm.
Kata Kunci : Prediksi pasut, Konstanta pasut, Amplitudo pasut, Duduk tengah muka lau