BIOLINK : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri dan Kesehatan
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UTILIZATION OF EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS LEAF WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF VCO BASED LIQUID SOAP
Get PDFEucalyptus grandis still not much used, especially the leaves. Besides being used as an industrial material, Eucalyptus is also used as a medicinal plant to cure infectious diseases, fever and rheumatism as well as being an antiseptic and can be applied in the form of bath soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of liquid body soap with the addition of eucalyptus leaf extract with various concentrations. The research method used was a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) method with the addition of eucalyptus oil A = 1% (w/w), B = 2% (w/w), C = 3% (w/w), D = 4% (w/w) and E = 5% in total VCO 80 oil, 40% KOH = 35 g, glycerin = 60 g, propyleneglycol = 35 g, three times the repetition. The parameters observed were the physicochemical properties of soap based on SNI Liquid Bath Soap 06-4085-1996 including free alkali content, namely A = 0.072%, B = 0.052%, C = 0.078%, D = 0.090$, E-), 104% , pH value, A= 8.36, B= 8.78, C= 8.80, D= 8.85 and E=8.94, Specific Gravity A= 1.008, B= 1.018, C= 1.009, D= 1.190, E = 1.014
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CAYENNE PEPPER (Capsicum frutescens L.) IN MALANG TRADITIONAL MARKET
Get PDFCayenne pepper is consumed as a food spice because of its color, spicy taste, aroma and complete nutritional value. Cayenne pepper sold in traditional markets is not separated between whole cayenne pepper and broken cayenne pepper. This study aims to: 1) calculate the ALT of mold colonies on whole and damaged cayenne peppers, 2) identify contaminant mold species found in intact and damaged cayenne peppers. Samples of whole cayenne pepper and damaged cayenne pepper were isolated by grinding 10 grams of cayenne pepper, it was then inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 25oC for 7 x 24 hours. Then the ALT of mold colonies was calculated on whole and damaged cayenne pepper. Then, each isolated mold contaminating colony's morphology and microscopic characteristics were described. Finally, each contaminant mold isolate was identified. Furthermore, the study unpacked that: 1) The ALT of contaminant mold colonies on whole cayenne pepper was 1.0x103 colonies/g, while the average ALT of contaminant mold colonies on damaged cayenne pepper was 2.1x105 colonies/g, 2) There were 8 species of mold found in cayenne pepper namely Mucor racemosus Fres, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx, Penicillium frequentans Westing, Penicillium citrinum Thom, Penicillium nalgiovense Laxa, Penicillium digitatum Sacc and Penicillium variabile Sopp
CARBON STORAGE IN SEAGRASS BEDS IN THE LITORAL ZONE OF SANCANG BEACH, GARUT
Get PDFThe vast expanse of seagrass beds in coastal areas can provide many ecosystem services, one of which is the ability of seagrass beds to absorb and store carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is one of the components of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. So the role of seagrass is very important in the ecosystem. This study aims to determine carbon storage in seagrass in the littoral zone of Sancang Beach, Garut Regency, which was carried out in April-June 2022. Determination of potential carbon storage was carried out by taking seagrass samples with a size of 20 cm x 20 cm, then drying to a constant weight. and calculated using a carbon conversion factor for seagrass biomass of 0.34. The results showed that the carbon content at Station 1 Cibako (145.9331 g C/m2) was higher than Station 2 Cikujangjambe (110.026 g C/m2) and Station 3 Ciporeang (117.771 g C/m2). The average carbon content at Sancang beach is 124,577 g C/m2. The conclusion is that in general the carbon storage below the substrate (below ground) in seagrass in the Litoral Zone of Sancang Beach has a greater value than the value of carbon storage above the substrate (above ground)
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA FROM POST TIN MINING POND AND THEIR ABILITY TO FORM BIOFILMS AT DIFFERENT PH
Get PDFA number of water quality indicators in the tin post-mined pond of a certain age indicate that the water condition is acidic, low dissolved oxygen content, low cation exchange capacity, and polluted by heavy metals. Restoration of the water quality of post-tin mining pond can use microorganisms as bioremediation agents. Microorganisms live by forming microbial community structures called biofilms. The aims of this study was to identify and find out the optimal pH of biofilm formation biofilm-forming bacteria from post-tin mining pond. The steps of research method was the isolation of bacteria by the spread plate technique, the biofilm formation test by the crystal violet technique, and the identification of bacteria macroscopically, microscopically, and physiologically. The isolation results showed that the highest bacterial density was at station 3 with a total of 8.1x103 cfu/ml. The results of the visualization of biofilm formation find out the A8 isolate at pH 5 with the most concentrated staining, while the highest Optical Density (OD) value for each pH was 0.11245 (pH 3) for A8 bacteria, 0.1901 (pH 5) for I1 bacteria and 0.1901 (pH 5) for A8 bacteria of 0.08945 (pH 7). There were 14 isolated bacterial belonging to the Genus Branhamella, Bacteroides, Aeromonas, Bacillus and Clostridium 08945 (pH 7). Based on identification results, biofilm-forming bacterial isolates from the tin-mining pond of Rebo Village there were 14 isolated bacterial belonging to the Genus Branhamella, Bacteroides, Aeromonas, Bacillus and Clostridium 08945 (pH 7). There were 14 isolated bacterial belonging to the Genus Branhamella, Bacteroides, Aeromonas, Bacillus and Clostridium
THE EFFECT OF PASTEURIZATION STAGE ON THE PRODUCTION OF STRAW MUSHROOM (VOLVARIELLA VOLVACEA, BULL. EX. FR./SING.)
Get PDFGod created Indonesia with a tropical climate that is very appropriate to support the development of straw mushroom cultivation (Volvariella volvaceae). One of the stages of mushroom cultivation sequentially is pasteurization. This study aims to determine the effect of pasteurization stages, the accuracy of the pasteurization temperature, and the factors that influence the growth of straw mushrooms. The method in this study was carried out using livestock manure, with a composition of 400 gr goat manure and 500 gr rabbit manure. The pasteurization stage is maintained at a temperature of 60-700C with a humidity of 80-90%. The watering interval at the observation stage was 4 days with a frequency of 40% in experiment 1 and every day or a frequency of 100% in experiment 2. The results showed that the pasteurization stage was very influential on the mushroom growing media. Inaccuracy in pasteurization resulted in many weeds that thrived, thus inhibiting the growth of straw mushrooms. The optimal temperature in the pasteurization stage is 60-900C. The factors that influence the growth of mushroom are the selection of materials as fertilizers for mushroom cultivation, temperature, humidity include interval and frequency of watering, pasteurization process, weeding the contaminants, and time of observation
EFFECTIVENESS OF B3 WASTE MANAGEMENT OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) SELF-QUARANTINE
Get PDFPatients who self-quarantine were carried out to break the chain from the spread of the COVID-19 virus, but a new problem arose: solid medical B3 waste originating from these patients. If this B3 medical waste is not managed properly, it can potentially transmit and be contaminated by infectious substances. Management of infectious waste from self-quarantine patients was minimal because most people did not know about it, and there was a lack of infrastructure from the government. Therefore the researchers were interested in researching the management of B3 waste, substantial B3 waste, from people who carried out Covid-19 self-quarantine. This study aimed to determine the community's effectiveness in managing solid medical B3 waste from COVID-19 self-quarantine activities. Using the snowball sampling method and cross-sectional design, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between Attitude (P Value = 0.000), Knowledge (P value = 0.006), Age (P Value = 0.019), Gender (P value = 0.000), Occupation (P value = 0.000) and Education (P value = 0.04) on community behavior in managing B3 medical waste during the Covid-19 self-quarantine period. Management of Solid B3 Medical Waste from self-quarantine has not been effective since its application is still low, and local drop boxes were not available as temporary shelters for B3 waste
GREEN TEA ETHANOL EXTRACT EFFICACY AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Get PDFResearch about green tea ethanol extract efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been done. The green tea leaves were sourced from tea distributor in Sidamanik District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Green tea leaves extract was obtained by maceration technique in which green tea leaves were soaked with ethanol 96% for 24 hours. After that, the filtrate was concentrated to be thick extract with no liquid content again. After that, the concentrated extract was made by 5%, 10% and 15% as extract variations. The efficacy of green tea ethanol extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was signed by increasing the inhibitory diameter that using disc method, in which the distilled water was used as negative blank. The results obtained for blanks, 5%, 10% and 15% extracts were 0; 1.85; 2.9 and 4.45 mm. The conclusion of this study is that the concentration of the extract is increasing proportionally to its inhibitory power, the higher of extract concentration is higher of its inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The conclusion described the green tea ethanol extract was effective to be antibacterial agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MACROZOOBENTHOS DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONAL FEEDING GROUP (FFG) IN BEREMBANG RIVER OF WEST KALIMANTAN
Get PDFThis study analyzes macrozoobenthos diversity and functional feeding group in Berembang River, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. The obtained macrozoobenthos were identified to the genus level, and their functional feeding group was determined through a literature study. Data on diversity, evenness, and dominance were analyzed descriptively. Diversity (H') and Evenness (E) of macrozoobenthos in Berembang River were low (H'=0.73 and E=0.15) while Dominance (C) was high (C=0.81) as evidenced by a large number of genera Corbicula and Gammarus. Macrozoobenthos functional feeding groups found at both stations can be divided into six categories, namely shredders, gathering collectors, deposit feeders, sub-surface deposit feeders, filtering collectors, and scrapers
LAUNDRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING ACTIVE CARBON MEDIA FROM COCONUT SHELL, MATOA SHAWS POWDER, IRON AND LINGUA WOOD
Get PDFLimbah laundry banyak mengandung sejumlah surfaktan, Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC), kalsium (Ca), phosfat (P), dan pemutih pakaian. Limbah tersebut menimbulkan dampak yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk manganalisis penurunan kadar COD, TSS dan phospat air limbah laundry menggunakan karbon aktif dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif karbon aktif terstandar SNI. Rancangan penelitian adalah pertest posttest control group design. Air limbah dilakukan pengolahan pendahuluan melalui penyaringan terbuat dari susunan ijuk, koral, kerikil dan pasir. Selanjutnya dialirkan ke dalam karbon aktif untuk proses adsorpsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karbon aktif mampu menurunkan parameter COD, TSS dan Phosfat. Ke-empat karbon aktif mampu menurunkan kadar COD, TSS dan Phosfat secara bermakna (p< 0,05). Penurunan terbaik adalah karbon aktif terstandar SNI dan bahan kayu besi, keduanya mempunyai kesamaan dalam menurunkan kadar COD, TSS dan Phosfat dibandingkan dengan karbon aktif dari bahan serpihan/serbuk kayu matoa, lingua dan tempurung kelapa. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah ke-empat karbon aktif yang diujicobakan dalam mengolah air limbah laundry mampu menurunkan kadar COD, TSS dan phosfat secara bermakna. Karbon aktif yang terbuat dari kayu besi mampu menurunkan kadar COD, TSS dan phosfat paling tinggi, atau secara bermakna menyamai karbon aktif yang dijual dipasaran dengan standar SNI dalam menurunkan kadar COD, TSS dan phosfat
EFFECT OF PERIWINKLE (CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS) LEAF EXTRACT ON LIVER HISTOLOGY OF MICE (MUS MUSCULUS L) AFTER ASPARTAME INDUCE
Get PDFAspartame is an artificial sweetener in foods and beverages. Continuous use of aspartame will result in oxidative stress in the liver. So we need antioxidants from outside the body such as periwinkle leaves.This study aims to determine the effect of periwinkle leaves (Catharanthus roseus L) on aspartame-induced liver histology. This study used 24 male mice divided into 4 groups, namely negative control (K-) without treatment; Positive control (K +) treatment of aspartame; D1: treatment of aspartame and periwinkle extract doses of 0.42 mg/kg. D2: aspartame and periwinkle extract doses of 0.84 mg/kgbb. Administration of aspartame dose of 0.2 mg /kgbb by intraperitoneal  for 14 days followed by gavage administration of periwinkle leaf extract for 12 days. The liver was taken on the 27th day by surgery, then made slide histology with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The results show that the administration of Catharanthus roseus leaf extract at a dose of 0.84 mg/kgbw in aspartame-induced mice was effective in reducing hepatocyte damage, namely hydrophilic degeneration and necrosis