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THE INFLUENCE OF ECOENZYME ON METHANE (CH4) LEVELS IN LANDFILL WASTE
Get PDFThe effect of Ecoenzyme and waste thickness on methane gas levels contained in waste. Utilization of Ecoenzyme in reducing pollutant power in the environment. Obstacles in waste processing and the consequences of excess landfill can damage the earth's layer, becoming a global warming event. The objective of this study was to determine how much influence the concentration of ecoenzyme in reducing methane gas pollutants in waste. The sequence of research conducted was: 1) Looking for and determining the location at the Supit Urang Landfill in Malang City; 2) Make ecoenzyme in the mature period (+ 3months); 3) Make plotting according to the treatment; 4) Measuring methane gas content before and after treatment; 5) Record results. After conducting research activities at the Supit Urang landfill in Malang City, there was a decrease in methane gas in the treatment of ecoenzyme concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10% at a thickness of 10cm and 30 cm, this shows that there is an influence of concentration and thickness on the reduction of methane gas
THE EFFECT OF Cosmos caudatus LEAVES EXTRACT ON MORTALITY OF THE BLACK CUTWORM PESTS (Agrotis ipsilon)
Get PDFCosmos caudatus (Asteraceae) is one of Indonesia biodiversity which is usually used as a refugia plant on several crop fields. In Indonesia, this plant is widely consumed as salad and herbal medicine as well. The aimed of this study is to see the effect of C. caudatus leaves extract on mortality of Agrotis ipsilon known as the black cutworm pests. C. caudatus leaves were collected on Surabaya East Java, Indonesia. The leaves were extracted by using maceration technique with ethanol 96% for 3x24 hours. After that, this research was conducted by observing the effect of ethanol extract from C. caudatus leaves with a concentration of 20; 15; and 10% on each group of A. ipsilon. The mortality assessment was made by determining the quantity of the death cutworms on 24, 48, and 72 hours. The result showed that the extract significantly reduced growth of A. ipsilon with LC50 value of 13.29% at 72 hours. Therefore, C. caudatus leaves extract is recommended as a biopesticide agent
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CHICKEN BONE PROCESSING AS ANTI-AGING ON SKIN THROUGH VOSVIEWER APPLICATION
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the number of scientific publications on chicken bone processing as an anti-aging agent using bibliometric analysis, which can determine the researched areas to provide an overview of the latest research developments, trends, and future projections related to chicken bone waste processing as an anti-aging material on the skin. The study was conducted by using a qualitative literature review method through the Scopus web. The data obtained were 13 articles within the period of 2013-2023, and data analysis was performed using the VOSviewer application. The research results showed that the number of occurrences and total link strength is most arranged from the cluster with the keywords collagen, chicken feet, gelatine, SDS-page, FTR. Acid solubilized collagen. The overlay visualization results indicated that the most current keywords are FTIR. Acid solubilized collagen and SDS page. For the keywords gelatine, SDS-page, and black-bone chicken, they are still under-researched and can be used as a reference or idea for further research. This study is still limited to the database coverage with one source, namely the Scopus web, so it did not have comparative data
12 TEXTILE DYES DECOLORIZATION BY COPPER-RESISTANT-BACTERIA KLEBSIELLA GRIMONTII, SHIGELLA FLEXNERI, ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE ISOLATED FROM CISADANE RIVER TANGERANG
Get PDFDyes and copper are dangerous contaminants because they are toxic. Bioremediation using indigenous bacteria is the best solution to overcome water pollution. Copper resistant bacteria usually have resistance to dyes thereby helping the bioremediation of dye and copper wastes. This study aims to examine the ability of indigenous bacteria isolated from the Cisadane River, namely Klebsiella grimontii IrCis3, Shigella flexneri IrCis5, Enterobacter cloacae IrCis6, and Enterobacter cloacae IrCis9 in terms of resistance and ability to decolorize 12 textile dyes namely methylene blue, malachite green, congo red, mordant orange, reactive black, direct yellow, basic fuchsin, reactive orange, dispersed orange, remasol red, wantex yellow and wantex red. The results showed that Shigella flexneri IrCis5, Enterobacter cloacae IrCis6, and Enterobacter cloacae IrCis9 were resistant to all dye concentrations of 200 and 500 ppm except Klebsiella grimontii IrCis3 did not grow on malachite green and basic fuchsin at concentrations of 200 ppm and methylene blue, malachite green and basic fuchsin concentration of 500 ppm. Only Shigella flexneri IrCis5 has the ability to decolorize 200 ppm basic fuchsin up to 87.23% after 3 days of incubation. The addition of 3 mM CuSO4 reduced the ability to decolorize Shigella flexneri IrCis5 to 0.57%
INTERACTION OF CO2 AND LIGHT AVAILABILITY ON PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY OF TROPICAL COCCOLITOPHORIDS (EMILIANIA HUXLEYI, GEPHYROCAPSA OCEANICA, AND OCHOSPHAERA SP.)
Get PDFThe study to examine the calcification rate, adaptation, and the biotic response of three tropical coccolithophorids (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Ochosphaera sp) to changes in CO2 concentration. Three selected calcifying coccolitophorids were grown at batch culture with CO2 system at two levels of CO2 (385 and 1000 ppm) and two light dark periods. The parameters measured and calculation including growth rate, particulate organic carbon content, particulate inorganic carbon content, chlorophyll a, cell size, photosynthetic, organic, inorganic carbon production, photosynthesis, and calcification rate. The results showed that there was a different response to carbonate chemistry changes and dark and light periods in any of the analyzed parameters. The growth rate of three selected calcifying microalgae tested was decreasing significantly at high concentrations of CO2 (1000 ppm) treatment on 14:10 hour light: dark periods. However, there was no significant difference between the two CO2 concentrations where they were illuminated by 24 hours light in growth rate. The increasing CO2 concentration and light-dark periods were species-specific responses to photosynthesis and calcification rate for three selected calcifying microalgae
EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTI-SPECIES PLANTS (Canna indica and Echinodorus palaefolius) TO REDUCE ORGANIC MATTER AND PHOSPHATE (PO4) IN DOMESTIC WASTE
Get PDFDomestic waste is the residue of household activities, one of which can be sourced from the campus. Domestic waste discharged into water bodies such as rivers can potentially increase the concentration of nutrients and pathogens in the water, so there is a need for an easy and affordable sewage treatment system to be implemented by the community. The Constructed Wetland system with subsurface flow planted with multi-species plants (Canna indica and Echinodorus palaefolius) can be an option to reduce the concentration of organic matter and phosphate (PO4) in domestic waste. Excessive organic matter and phosphate (PO4) in the water can increase the growth of aquatic plants and algae in the river, resulting in a decrease in dissolved oxygen and damage to the river ecosystem. This study aims to determine the ability of two plant species in one bioreactor with a Subsurface Constructed Wetland system to reduce Organic Material and Phosphate (PO4) levels. Parameters measured during this study were temperature, BOD, DO, pH, plant height and weight. The results of this study indicated that the Subsurface Constructed Wetland system with multi-species plants (Canna indica and Echinodorus palaefolius) had an organic matter reduction efficiency of 67.04% and Phosphate (PO4) of 66
The THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM COW MANURE ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) Var Kriebo
No full textgrowth and production of lettuce plants. The study was conducted in an open field in Sampun Village, Dolat Rayat District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research design was an experimental design a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 6 replications, making a total of 24 plant samples. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer derived from cow manure had a significant effect on the growth and production of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. var kriebo). The best plant growth was observed in treatment P3 (300 mL) with a plant height of 23 cm at 5 weeks after planting, 13 leaves, leaf area of 401.28 cm², and wet weight of 96 grams. The dosage that showed optimum results for the growth and production of lettuce plants was found in treatment P3 (300 mL)
THE POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM MERAWANG CHICKEN INTESTINE TYPICAL OF BANGKA BELITUNG AS PROBIOTIC CANDIDATES
Get PDFThe improvement of egg production efficiency and health remains a challenge in the cultivation of native chickens. The production of feed on farms requires significant costs, which can account for 60-70% of the total production expenses, making it essential to optimize feed efficiency in the chicken's digestive system. Furthermore, the traditional free-range farming of native chickens Merawang in Bangka Belitung, where they are allowed to roam freely in the backyard or garden, makes it difficult to control their development and health. To address these issues, efforts can be made by harnessing the potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) present in the digestive system of native chickens to be used as probiotics. The objective of this research was to obtain potential isolates of lactic acid bacteria from native chickens Merawang as probiotic candidates. The study was carried out experimentally in four stages, namely isolation, characterization, confirmation test, and probiotic potential test. The research results indicate that there were 6 isolates with potential as probiotics, namely AM3, AM7, AM12, AM14, AM20, and AM25. These six isolates showed potential as probiotic bacteria because their lactic acid content in a medium meets the applicable standards, ranging from 0.79% to 1.84%. The isolates that performed the best as candidate probiotic bacteria were AM14, AM20, and AM25. The identified bacteria in the digestive system of native chickens belong to the Genus Lactobacillus
ANALYSIS OF FORMULATION MEDIA FOR PLANTING OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus)AGRICULTURAL WASTE BASED MATERIALS
Get PDFThe effort of Indonesian people to fulfill their protein intake in an economically accessible way is by producing and consuming oyster mushrooms, because their protein content was viable as an alternative to animal-based products. Combination of sugarcane bagasse, palm fronds (PKS), and sawdust can be used as growing medium for oyster mushrooms. The aim of this study was: (1) to analyze the change in the pH of the combination media formulation of Palm Oil Frond Waste (PKS), sugarcane bagasse, and sawdust; (2) identifying the composition of nutrients in the aforementioned agricultural waste as a growing medium for oyster mushroom. This study was composed of two steps: 1) Preparing the composition of the growing medium from agricultural waste; and 2) Analyzing nutrient composition of the growing medium of oyster mushroom. The research was conducted by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The combination of oyster mushroom growing medium from palm fronds, sugarcane bagasse, and sawdust has different pH levels and nutritional contents. The combination of M0 – M8 oyster mushroom growing medium has the suitable level of pH to grow the mushrooms at 6,5 – 8,0 pH. From the formulation analysis of nutrient in the combination of M0 – M8, it can be used as a reference for the nutrient content of oyster mushrooms growing medium from palm fronds and sugarcane bagasse
ANALYSIS OF NEW PRIMER PAIR CANDIDATES OF rbcL GENE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MICROALGAE SCENEDESMACEAE
Get PDFScenedesmaceae is one of the microalgae groups that has been widely studied as promising biodiesel feedstock. Its morphological identification is often confused by environmental changes, so it requires molecular identification as well. The current study aimed to obtain primer pair candidates that identify the Scenedesmaceae based on the rbcL gene. The research used bioinformatics tools, which harvested rbcL protein sequence data, performed multiple sequence alignments, and designed primers based on conserved and less-conserved regions. The best left and right primers selected based on sequence length, melting temperature, 3' end stability, number of hairpins, and self-dimers, were paired, and three candidates were obtained. The three pairs were examined based on melting temperature difference, number of hetero-dimers, length of amplified nucleotide product, number of hits, and number of genera captured from the GenBank. Sce-16 (F, 5'-TGGTCGTGCTGTTTATGAATGT-3' and 1_RL, 5'-TGCCAAACATGAATACCACCA-3'), which is back-translated according to Hariotina sp. (AOY36008.1), is the most preferred candidate compared to the other two pairs after discussing their advantages and disadvantages. In the future, the proposed primer candidate needs to be validated through in vitro amplification with some optimizations to eliminate potential weaknesses