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ETHNOMEDICINE OF BAJO TRIBE COMMUNITY IN BANGKO VILLAGE, MAGINTI DISTRICT, WEST MUNA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Get PDFThis study aims to reveal the use of marine and coastal plants, and animals as medicine by Bajo Tribe society in Bangko Village, West Muna. The method used was an exploratory survey. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 20 traditional healers selected by purposive sampling. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The result revealed that there were 39 species of plants and 5 species of animals used as medicine. The most widely used plant families were the Arecaceae and Poaceae, 3 species respectively, while animals from the families of Holothuriidae, Onuphidae, Pinnidae, Syngnathidae, and Tridacnidae, 1 species respectively. The most commonly part of plant used was leaves (50%), while for animal was parts of flesh and whole body were used 40% respectively. The most commonly used preparation and application were boiling and drinking. In conclusion, Bajo people in Bangko Village with their maritime culture use plants and animals in the marine and coastal environment to overcome various diseases and health problems, in addition using “baca-baca†method
ESTIMATION OF NUMBERS OF COLIFORM BACTERIAL AS WATER QUALITY INDICATOR IN KEPAHIANG DISTRICT RIVERS, BENGKULU PROVINCE
Get PDFColiform is a group of microbes that are used as indicators of water quality. Water pollution is generally caused by pathogenic microbes from feces, household waste, and industrial activity waste. This study aimed to estimate the total number of coliform contamination in several rivers in Kepahiang Regency, namely Tebat Monok (TM), Sempiyang (SPY), Penanjung Panjang (PP), Embong Ijok (EI) Air Langkap(ALK), and Air Belimbing (ABB). Total coliform and Fecal coliform tests were carried out using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method on Lactose Broth, Brillian Green Lactose Bile Broth and pour plates on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media. Measurement of abiotic factors was on temperature and pH parameters. The test results of total coliform showed that 6 rivers contained total coliform under the Class II river water quality standards with a range of 1210/100 mL– 4310/100 mL and 2 rivers that were contaminated with Fecal coliform, TM and ALK, have the content of 1500/100 mL and 1700 / 100 mL. The results of the measurement of the abiotic factor, the river pH range was 7.4 - 8.2. The lowest temperature was 25oC in SPY river and the highest temperature was 26 oC on the TM, PP, EI, ALK, and ABB rivers
DETERMINATION OF THE TROPICAL STATUS OF FLOATING NET CAGE WATER BASED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND CHLOROPHYLL-A
Get PDFThe dominant source of pollutants for floating net cages are fish feed and feces. They cause phosphorus and nitrogen in water increase, trigger eutrophication, marked by the appearance of algae. Algae are green plants, contain chlorophyll-a. The content of phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorophyll-a can be used to determine the tropical status of water. The objective of this research is to determine the tropical status of marine cage water. The research method was descriptive laboratory. Nitrogen content is measured as nitrite according to SNI 6989.9-2004, nitrate according to APHA Section 4500-NO3, ammonia according to SNI 19-1655-1989. Phosphorus analysis according to SNI 06-6989-31: 2005. Chlorophyll-a analysis used the Strickland & Parson method by spectrophotometry. Laboratory data were analyzed for tropical status based on nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a content. The results showed that the tropical status of the KJA water of Gajah Mungkur Reservoir Wonogiri in the rainy season had eutrophic status, containing high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen elements. The eutrophic status indicated that the water had been polluted by an enhancement of nitrogen levels by 18.345 µg/L and phosphorus by 420.65 µg/L. These nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants increased the growth of chlorophyll-a by 12.70 µg/L
ANALYSIS OF DNA SEQUENCE ENCODING GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPDH) ON COCOR BEBEK (KALANCHOE x LAETIVIRENS)
Get PDFTo understand the fundamental mechanisms on genes in plant cells can be performed by gene expression studies. The study needs reference genes that act as internal control to avoid expression data bias. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene is one of reference genes that has been validated in plants. This study aims to analyze the DNA sequences encoding GAPDH in cocor bebek (Kalanchoe x laetivirens). Methods included total DNA extraction from fresh leaf, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis at 1% agarose and DNA sequence data analysis. The DNA sequence of K. x laetivirens GAPDH gene obtained were 1107 bp and predicted to consist of 5 exons and 5 introns. This sequence had about 68.96%-73.81% similarity to the DNA sequence of the GAPDH gene in several plant species. The amino acid sequence of K. x laetivirens GAPDH had 5 conserved regions and residues of cysteine (C) and histidine. The sequence obtained in this study was the first to be reported from the genus Kalanchoe. This sequence can be used for analysis of gene expression in K. x laetivirens and can be as reference for isolating the GAPDH gene for other plant species in the genus Kalanchoe
AN OVERVIEW OF BRYOPHYTES DIVISION
Get PDFBryophyte is a non-vascular plant, consisting of three classes: mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. The body forms have a thallus, and some have a leaf-like organ. The class division of the Bryophyte division is base on anatomical and morphological traits, such as meristem tissues, stomata, and vascular tissues. M Bryophyte has no vascular tissue, but it has a capillary that has functions like xylem and commonly refers to as hydroid. Mosses and hornworts have stomata on the sporophyte part, while in the liverworts, stomata are not found. Hornworts have a basal meristem that has an unpredictable cleavage. Meristem on the mosses only divides up the formation of sporangial. In the liverworts, the apical meristem does not see. Members of the hornworts consider the most advanced because the meristematic phase is more prolonged, so that it is closer to the characteristics of Tracheophyta group
THE STUDY OF TREE LEVEL IN ANGGOMATE WATERSHED AREA , SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Get PDFAnggomate River has ecological and economic value for the local community. Massive community activities in utilizing land in the Anggomate watershed area for plantation, inhabitation, and sand mining lands can cause the tree vegetation decline, even flood often occurs in Andowia region annually. The research method used was a quantitative method. Sampling was performed through a plot-transect method. The plots were placed on the downstream (Labungga Village river area), middle (Laronaga Village river area), and upstream (Andowia Village river area) regions. The study results showed that there are 35 tree species with the individual number of 64. The highest importance value index was obtained from Ficus benjamina L. at 29.38%, Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq) at 25.64%, and Lansium domesticum Corr. at 16.81%. The dominance index of the tree species in the Anggomate river area was 0.971, which indicates that one of the tree species dominated this area, namely, Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq) (Roxb.) Miq). The diversity index in the Anggomate watershed area includes in high category (H’= 3.402 atau H’ > 3). The distribution index includes in the evenly distribution category due to obtaining closely approaching the value of 1 (E= 0.818)
INCREASED RESISTANCE OF PENAEUS MONODON TO WHISPOVIRUS CAUSES WHITE SPOT SYNDROME THROUGH ANTIVIRUS GENE TRANSFER
Get PDFThe shrimp species Penaeus monodon is the main commodity of Indonesian aquaculture. One of the obstacles when cultivating tiger prawns is the attack of white spot disease (White Spot Syndrome Virus) which makes the quality and quantity of production decrease. One attempteffective for overcoming the white spot virus attack on shrimp, namely through the transfer of antiviral genes. Previous researchers carried out the transfer of antiviral genes to provide immunological effects so that they were resistant to pathogen attack and could prevent the death of tiger prawns. Destinationwriting article that is This study aims to determine the increase in resistance of tiger shrimp to Whispovirus that causes White Spot Syndrome through the transfer of antiviral genes. The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative with a literature review method that discusses five focus studies, namely Whispovirus as a cause of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) disease in tiger prawns, tiger shrimp infected with White Spot Syndrome Virus, the use of PmAV antiviral genes in the treatment of Whispovirus , the mechanism of transfection of antiviral genes in the treatment of Whispovirus infection against tiger prawns, and changes in tiger shrimp resistance after insertion of antiviral genes. The conclusion obtained is that the addition of antiviral genes in tiger shrimp DNA can increase its resistance to Whispovirus
MACROFUNGI DIVERSITY IN MOUNT BURNI TELONG BENER MERIAH REGENCY ACEH PROVINCE
Get PDFMount Burni Telong has a diversity of fungi that play an important role in the forest ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the types of macrofungi found in Mount Burni Telong and index diversity macrofungi found in Mount Burni Telong. The method used in this study was to use the pathway method by observing macrofungi along the hiking trail with a distance of 10 meters to the left and 10 meters to the right starting from an altitude of 1800 mdpl to an altitude of 2600 mdpl. Macroscopic fungi found were to identified and measured the physico-chemical parameters of the environment. Macroscopic fungi found were dominated by the Basidiomycota division and the Polyporaceae family. The results obtained were 31 macroscopic fungi from 2 divisions, 6 classes, 6 orders, 21 families, 26 genera, and 31 species. The most macroscopic fungi found in the Basidiomycota division, Agaricomycetes class, were 23 species and at least in the Ascomycota division, Pezizomycetes class, was as many as 1 species
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF THE EXOTIC PLANT (SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA (L) GAERTN) IN THE REHABILITATION ZONE, RESORT OF WONOASRI, MERU BETIRI NATIONAL PARK
Get PDFExotic plants are plants that are intentionally or unintentionally included in an area. Based on the results of the 2020 survey, one of the exotic plants found in the Donglo Block Rehabilitation Zone area of Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) is cinderella weed (Synedrella nodiflora). The objective of this study is to determine the distribution pattern and area of cover of exotic S. nodiflora plants in the research location. Data were collected using a combination method of systematic plot transects measuring 2 x 2 meters which were placed along the transect with a total of 415 plots. The data recorded were the coordinate position of each individual S. nodiflora and the area of the cover. Analysis of distribution pattern data using the Morisita index and visualized with a spatial distribution map using Geographic Information System (GIS). Coverage area analysis was carried out by calculating the percent cover of S. nodiflora. The results of the analysis of the Morisita index showed the value of Iδ = 7.13, which indicates that the distribution pattern of the plants is clustered. In addition, the presence of this species in the study area was occupied 41.7% or 0.85 ha of the total area of 2.04 ha. It shows that this species still did not dominate the area, so it can be said that this species has not yet become an invasive species category in the research location
TEMPERATURE AND NITRATE CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON THE ABUNDANCE AND GROWTH RATE OF MELOSIRA SP.
Get PDFMicroalgae are one of the natural resources that have high potential as a source of biofuels, one of them is the marine microalgae Melosira sp.. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing temperature and nitrate concentration on the abundance, growth rate, biomass, organic C-content and free fatty acids of Melosira sp.. A Completely Randomized Design was used for this experiment with four temperature treatments and three nitrate concentrations treatments in microalgae test planting media. The test microalgae were cultured for 21 days, while the abundance of Melosira sp..was carried out every 3rd day, while for other parameters measurements were made at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the increasing in temperature and nitrate concentration in culture media significantly affected the abundance of Melosira sp.. Meanwhile, the results of statistical analysis showed that the increase in temperature and concentration of culture media did not have a significant effect on biomass except at 30°C treatment, the dry weight of Melosira sp. was only significantly different between the nitrate concentrations of 0.0 g/L and 0.4 g/L. For the content of C-organic and free fatty acids generally showed a significant difference between treating temperature and nitrate concentration in the culture media