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ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BAJAKAH ROOT EXTRACT (Uncaria acida) AGAINST THE ACTIVITY OF Malassezia furfur, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS IN MICE
No full textSeborrheic dermatitis is a chronic skin disorder associated with colonization by Malassezia furfur and is commonly treated with topical antifungal agents and corticosteroids, which may cause adverse effects when used long term. Therefore, safer and more sustainable alternative therapies derived from natural products are needed. One such candidate is bajakah root (Uncaria acida), which is known to contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins with potential antifungal activity. This study employed a true experimental posttest-only design involving 24 male BALB/c mice induced with Malassezia furfur and divided into a negative control group (distilled water), a positive control group (ketoconazole), and treatment groups receiving Uncaria acida extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The research stages included extr act preparation using ethanol maceration, ointment formulation, fungal infection induction, and clinical evaluation. Phytochemical analysis confirmed a total flavonoid content of 28.5 mg QE/g. The results demonstrated significant differences across all clinical parameters (p < 0.05), with the 75% extract concentration providing the most optimal clinical improvement. These findings indicate that Uncaria acida extract has strong potential for development as a topical herbal therapeutic candidate and provides a foundation for further studies focusing on formulation optimization and clinical trials
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND CURCUMIN LEVELS OF TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB.) EXTRACT AND ITS EFFECTS ON BLOOD CELLS IN ALCOHOL-INDUCED WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus L.)
No full textTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a traditional Indonesian medicinal plant rich in Curcumin and active compounds such as triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin content was quantified at 109.58 mg/g using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method, and its antioxidant activity was confirmed through increasing DPPH inhibition percentages with increasing extract concentrations, with the IC₅₀indicating significant radical scavenging potential. Excessive 45% ethanol intake can induce oxidative stress and alter white blood cell counts. This study used 20 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) weighing 180–200 g, divided into normal control, alcohol control, and ginger extract treatment groups at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight. Hematological parameters observed included erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets, and total and differential leukocyte counts. Results showed that ginger extract, particularly at 200 mg/kg, stabilized blood profiles after alcohol consumption, with hematological values approaching normal levels. Differences between groups were not statistically significant, indicating the safety and antioxidant potential of ginger extract
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF RODENTIA DERIVED FROM NRAS GENE SEQUENCES
No full textRodentia is the most diverse mammalian order, yet phylogenetic relationships among several rodent lineages remain incompletely resolved, particularly when inferred predominantly from mitochondrial markers. This study aims to assess the potential of the nuclear NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) gene for reconstructing rodent phylogeny. A total of 18 NRAS nucleotide sequences representing major rodent families were retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database, with Equus caballus and Oryctolagus cuniculus used as outgroups. Sequence alignment and model selection were performed using MEGA 12 under Maximum Likelihood criteria. Phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method with the T92+G+I substitution model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Pairwise genetic distances were estimated using the p-distance method and visualized through a heatmap to examine divergence patterns. The results indicated that NRAS evolution is best explained by models incorporating invariant sites and rate heterogeneity, reflecting strong functional constraints combined with lineage-specific variation. The inferred phylogeny is largely congruent with established rodent systematics, and genetic distance patterns independently support the recovered topology. These findings suggest that NRAS represents a reliable nuclear marker that offers complementary phylogenetic information alongside mitochondrial data in Rodentia phylogenetic studies
DESIGN OF A HOMEMADE BIOFILTER FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE SITU RAWA BESAR
No full textWater pollution from domestic wastewater is one of the main causes of eutrophication in public waters, including the Rawa Besar Lake in Depok. Eutrophication is characterized by an explosion of algae growth that leads to a decrease in dissolved oxygen and the death of aquatic life. This research aims to design a simple (homemade) biofilter technology using local media such as red brick, zeolite, and ceramic rings that is accessible and easily accessible to the public to purify household wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. The research method uses an experimental Research and Development (R&D) approach, involving the design, fabrication, and performance testing of a small-scale biofilter prototype. Wastewater quality was evaluated before and after treatment by measuring turbidity, odor, and pH as key indicators of treatment effectiveness. The results showed that the biofilter reduced water turbidity, eliminated unpleasant odors, and stabilized wastewater pH toward neutral conditions, indicating effective removal of suspended solids and organic contaminants. The results of this study indicate that the biofilter technology developed effectively treats contaminated water by changing the turbidity, odor and pH of the wastewater. This biofilter is designed for easy domestic use, at a low cost, and with an ecological approach
GILLS VISUALIZATION OF TILAPIA AND MORTALITY RATES USING THE LETHAL 50 METHOD TO DETECT SUBLETHAL OIL POLLUTION IN RIVER WATER BODIES
No full textEnvironmental issues in Indonesia are mostly caused from pollution resulting from industry and domestic waste. Oil and used cooking oil are examples of waste that are often produced from both. Water contaminated by these chemicals can affect organisms living in it, one of which is tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Hazardous chemicals can accumulate in tilapia through the food chain, absorption through the gills, or diffusion through the skin surface, potentially causing death. This study aims to determine the effect of used cooking oil and motor oil waste on gill morphology and mortality of tilapia. The study was conducted for 96 hours using an experimental method by testing the effect of used cooking oil and used oil with concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5% on tilapia (O. niloticus). The parameters observed in the study were gill morphology and calculating the number of fish mortalities. The results show that increased concentrations of used cooking oil and motor oil increased tilapia mortality, with the highest mortality at a concentration of 5%, indicating that exposure had exceeded the sublethal threshold and was lethal
THE ROLE OF Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) IN CULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS AND SCIENCE
Get PDFAmorphophallus titanum (Becc.) is one of the rare species of flora in Indonesia, this flora is also an endemic plant to the island of Sumatra that naturally grows along Bukit Barisan and is mostly found in the western slopes such as Bengkulu, Kerinci, Palembang, Bukit Tinggi. This research was conducted to determine the role of the rare flower A. titanum (Becc) which is not found in all regions in Indonesia. The method used in this article is a literature study by analyzing or reviewing several journal articles. This review provides information that shows the role of A. titanum (Becc.) in culture, its role in ecosystems, its role in science and its challenges and opportunities in the future. Conservation efforts of A.titanum not only protect its species, but also preserve the cultural values associated with its presence. A. titanum is not only important for maintaining the sustainability of its own species, but also for protecting tropical forest ecosystems that are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. A. titanum (Becc.) also plays an important role as a subject of scientific research to understand various aspects of life, ecosystems, and environmental conservation efforts.
EFFECT OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED TESTICULAR DAMAGE IN MICE: A HISTOMORPHOMETRY
No full textThe juwet fruit (Syzygium cumini) is a type of fruit commonly found in Indonesia and is known to contain high levels of antioxidant compounds, potential for protecting reproductive organs from oxidative damage. This study aims to investigate the effects of juwet fruit in protecting the testes from damage caused by CCl4 toxicity in mice. A total of 30 mice were used and divided into six groups: distilled water, 12.5 mg/mL CCl₄, and S. cumini extract at doses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL for three weeks. Parameters assessed included body weight, serum testosterone levels, sperm count, and histomorphometry (seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, and spermatogenic cell counts). The results showed that CCl₄ significantly reduced body weight, the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules, seminiferous tubule diameter, germ cell height, and serum testosterone levels in the mice. The treatment groups receiving extract of juwet fruit at doses of 20 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL showed improvements in testicular function that were not significantly different from the distilled water group. In conclusion, reproductive toxicity induced by CCl₄ in male mice can be ameliorated by administering aqueous extract of juwet fruit at doses of 20 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL
POLLEN MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF ASTERACEAE SPECIES IN THE TADULAKO UNIVERSITY CAMPUS AREA
No full textThis study aims to explore the morpho-anatomical diversity of pollen from various plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family within the Tadulako University area. Flower samples were collected using an exploration method and prepared for palynological analysis using a modified acetolysis technique. Six Asteraceae species were identified: Tridax procumbens L., Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob., Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.Bip., Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass., and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. The study revealed significant differences in pollen morphology, particularly in shape (spheroidal), aperture number (3–4 colporates), ornamentation (echinate vs. lophate), and size. Pollen size ranged from 21.29 µm to 35.66 µm (equatorial diameter) and wall thickness ranged from 2.16 µm to 4.82 µm. These variations serve as reliable taxonomic markers for distinguishing species at both genus and species levels. This research provides valuable insights into the biodiversity and evolutionary adaptations of the Asteraceae family and supports the use of palynological data in systematic botany
IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM WATER HYACINTH (Eichhornia Crassipes) ROOTS
No full textPlant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) play an important role in enhancing plant growth and productivity through various biological mechanisms, such as phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation. This study aims to isolate and identify PGPB from the roots of water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) growing in Lake Toba, and to evaluate its potential in supporting the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Three rhizosphere bacteria were obtained and identified morphologically and biochemically as Bacillus thuringiensis (EGR1), Bacillus megaterium (EGR2), and Azotobacter vinelandii (EGR3). All three isolates showed the ability to solubilize phosphate, while only EGR3 was able to fix nitrogen. Bioassay tests using lettuce showed that EGR2 increased plant height, while EGR3 significantly increased fresh weight, number of leaves, and length of roots. These findings indicate the potential of EGR3 as a promising natural biofertilizer candidate to support sustainable agriculture
EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT UNIVERSITY X JAKARTA
Get PDFMost of the waste produced in the university environment comes from the canteen. The accumulation of waste in the university environment is due to the lack of proper waste management. The sorting, collection, transportation, and recycling process has not been carried out, and even education and awareness of all university components have not been maximized. This research aims to evaluate waste management in the university environment using qualitative methods with a descriptive design. Respondents consisted of 5 informants, namely key informants (management section), primary informants (head in charge of university cleanliness, janitor, waste collection officer), and supporting informants (campus security officers). Data was collected using in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews, which were then validated using source and method triangulation methods. The research results stated that there were no operational standards in waste management in the university environment, unscheduled transportation schedules, and no community awareness of the need to sort waste properly. There needs to be active participation of the entire academic community and transparent policies in managing campus waste