Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
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Potensi Simpanan Karbon pada Beberapa Tipologi Hutan Rawa Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah
No full textAkurasi pendugaan simpanan karbon hutan rawa gambut dapat ditingkatkan melalui pengukuran masing-masing gudang/sumber karbon dan berbagai macam tipologi hutannya. Pengukuran tersebut berkaitan dengan besarnya kandungan dan fraksi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kandungan dan potensi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon di tipologi gambut. Pengukuran simpanan karbon dilakukan pada lima gudang karbon yakni vegetasi (tingkat permudaan pohon), serasah, tumbuhan bawah, nekromasa dan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan karbon adalah 50% dari berat kering biomassa. Kandungan karbon tidak dipengaruhi oleh gudang karbon dan tipologi gambut. Pada tanah gambut, kedalaman gambut mempengaruhi besarnya kandungan karbon sehingga besarnya faktor konversi harus memperhatikan kedalaman masing-masing tipologi gambut. Potensi simpanan karbon terbesar pada tipologi hutan sekunder dengan kedalaman gambut antara 3-3,5 m sebesar 3.722,08 Mg/ha sedangkan potensi simpanan karbon terendah pada tipologi semak belukar dengan kedalaman gambut 3-3,5 m sebesar 2243,49 Mg/ha. Pada hutan gambut, gudang karbon tanah menyumbang >95% dari simpanan karbon total. Gudang karbon nekromasa memberikan sumbangan simpanan karbon terkecil. Fraksi simpanan karbon pada masing-masing gudang karbon berturut-turut adalah tanah> vegetasi> serasah> tumbuhan bawah> nekromasa.Carbon Stocks Potential of Peatland Forests Typologies in Central KalimantanAbstractAccuracy of carbon stocks estimation can be enhanced by measuring each carbon pools in various forest peatland typologies. The carbon stocks measurement is associated with the amount of contents and fractions of carbon stocks. The research objectives were to obtain the information of carbon contents and carbon stocks potentials in each carbon pool in the peat typologies. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in five carbon pools which were: vegetation (tree stages), litter, understory, necromass, and soil. The results showed that the carbon contents reached more than 50% of its dry weight. The carbon contents were not affected by the carbon pools and peat typologies. In the soil carbon pools, peat depth affected the amount of carbon content so that the magnitude of the conversion factor should concentrate to the depth of each peat typology. The greatest potential of carbon stocks was found in the secondary forest (3,733.08 Mg/ha) with the peat depths between 3-3.5 m, while the lowest potential of carbon stocks found in the bush typology (2243.49 Mg/ha) with the peat depths between 3-3.5 m. In the peat typology, soil carbon stocks contributed more than 95% of total carbon stocks whereas necromass carbon stocks contributed the smallest amount of carbon. The fractions of carbon stocks in each carbon pools were soil> vegetation> litter> understorey> necromass, respectively
Pengaruh Kecepatan Pertumbuhan terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Mekanika Kayu Acacia Mangium Umur 4 Tahun Asal Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah
No full textKebutuhan masyarakat akan kayu solid yang semakin meningkat, memberikan peluang bagi jenis pohon cepat tumbuh seperti Acacia mangium untuk digunakan sebagai bahan semi konstruksi maupun konstruksi. Secara umum, kualitas kayu dipengaruhi oleh sifat pertumbuhan terutama kecepatan pertumbuhan. Pengaruh kecepatan pertumbuhan terhadap sifat-sifat kayu mangium belum banyak di diteliti. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu mangium pada kecepatan tumbuh yang berbeda serta hubungan antara kerapatan dasar dengan sifat-sifat lain yang diuji. Sembilan pohon mangium umur 4 tahun yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari Kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Adapun sifat-sifaf kayu yang diuji adalah kerapatan dasar, perubahan dimensi, rasio T/R, keteguhan lengkung statis (MOE dan MOR), keteguhan tekan sejajar dan tegak lurus serat. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh diuji dengan one-way ANOVA. Sebagai hasilnya, sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu yang diuji menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata pada tiga kategori kecepatan tumbuh yang berbeda, kecuali pada penyusutan radialnya. Selanjutnya, kerapatan dasar berkorelasi positif secara signifikan terhadap penyusutan radial dan tangensial serta kekuatan tekan sejajar dan tegak lurus serat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan dasar merupakan indikatoryang bagus untuk mempredikasi sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu mangium. Effect of Growth Rate on Physical and Mechanical Properties of 4-year-old Acacia mangium Wood from Wonogiri, Central JavaAbstractIncreasing solid wood demand provides an opportunity to fast-growing wood species such as Acacia mangium as semi construction and construction materials. In general, the quality of wood is affected by growth characteristics such as radial growth rate. The study about effect of growth rate on the properties of mangium wood is limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of mangium wood at different growth rates. Furthermore, relationship between basic density and other properties was clarified. The nine mangium trees of 4-year-old used in this study were planted in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. Basic density, shrinkage, T/R ratio, static bending strength (MOE and MOR), compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to grain were determined. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. As a result, the physical and mechanical properties of the woods showed no significant difference in three different categories of growth rates, except for radial shrinkage. Furthermore, the basic density is positively significant correlated with radial and tangential shrinkage and also compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to grain. Based on these results, it is suggesting that basic density is a good indicator for predicting physical and mechanical properties of mangium wood
Pengaruh Beberapa Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisika Tanah pada Pertumbuhan 30 Famili Uji Keturunan Jati (Tectona grandis) Umur 10 Tahun
Get PDFPertumbuhan tanaman dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang sangat memengaruhi pertumbuhan adalah sifat kimia dan fisika tanah. Beberapa famili jati yang ditanam pada lokasi yang berbeda diduga mempunyai respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan (tinggi dan diameter) tanaman jati dari 30 famili yang ditanam pada dua lokasi yang berbeda, secara khusus untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik sifat kimia dan fisika tanah pada pertumbuhan jati di dua lokasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan 30 famili jati yaitu tinggi total tanaman dan diameter setinggi dada. Sampel tanah diambil dengan terlebih dahulu membuat lubang profil tanah berukuran 1 m × 1 m dengan kedalaman 1 meter kemudian sampel diambil dari kedalaman 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, dan 40-60 cm. Sifat kimia yang diamati adalah pH H2O, C Organik, N total, P, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia serta Kapasitas Pertukaran Kation (KPK), sedangkan sifat fisik yang diukur adalah tekstur. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan melakukan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter diameter tanaman, semua (30) famili tanaman jati menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata di antara dua lokasi, sedangkan parameter tinggi hanya sebagian kecil famili yang berbeda nyata. Karakter kimia dan fisik tanah juga menunjukkan perbedaan nyata di antara dua lokasi. Parameter kimia tanah yaitu pH H2O, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia, berbeda nyata antara 2 lokasi sedangkan kandungan C Organik, P tersedia dan KPK tidak berbeda nyata. Sementara dari sifat fisiknya, kandungan lempung dan debu pada dua lokasi berbeda nyata, sedangkan kandungan pasirnya tidak berbeda secara nyata. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan beberapa sifat tanah memang memengaruhi respon tanaman jati dalam hal pertumbuhan baik tinggi maupun diameternya. The Effect of Soil Chemical and Physical Characteristics on Growth of 30 Families of Teak (Tectona grandis) in a 10-year-old Progeny TestAbstractSome environmental factors that greatly affect plant growth are soil’s physical and chemical properties. Some teak families planted at different locations alleged to have different growth responses. This study aimed to investigate the growth response of teak (height and diameter) from 30 families, and to determine the effect of soil chemical and physical characteristics on teak growth in two different locations. Teaks were measured for total height and diameter at breast height. Soil pits (size: 1 m x 1 m and 1 m in depth) were dug and samples were taken from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth. Soil characteristics measurement were conducted on pH (H2O), organic carbon, total Nitrogen, available P, K, Ca, and Mg, also the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Further, soil physical properties been measured was soil texture. Statistical analysis was performed by t- test. The results showed that teak’s diameter of all 30 families, showed significant differences between the two locations, while only a small proportion of height parameters significantly differed among families. Chemical and physical characters of the soil also showed differences between the two locations. Soil pH (H2O), available K, Ca, and Mg, were significantly differed between the two locations while the content of organic C, available P and the CEC were not significantly differed. For the soil physical properties, content of clay and silt in two location significantly differed whereas the sand content did not differ significantly. These differences indicate that some properties of the soil were affecting the growth response of teak famili in terms of both height and diameter
Evaluasi Sistem Kompensasi Kayu Hutan Produksi pada Hak Ulayat Suku Sougb, Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat
Get PDFKompensasi di Provinsi Papua Barat merupakan upaya pemerintah menekan konflik pemanfaatan kayu dari hutan produksi antara korporasi dan masyarakat adat. Hanya saja dalam implementasinya sering timbul ketidakpuasaan terhadap aliran manfaat yang diterima. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sistem kompensasi kayu yang dipungut dari hak ulayat Suku Sougb berdasarkan: aliran manfaat, nilai WTP dan WTA, mekanisme, dan isi kebijakan kompensasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni khususnya pada hak ulayat masyarakat Suku Sougb yang berdiam di Kampung Bina Desa, Kampung Lama, Tirasai, Atibo, dan Tihibo. Obyek kajian adalah pemilik hak ulayat Suku Sougb dan pihak perusahaan yang dipilih secara purposif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalis secara statistik dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi kayu dari hutan produksi yang berada di wilayah hak ulayat Suku Sougb telah memberikan manfaat rata-rata per tahun mencapai Rp. 293.764.482. Nilai WTA masyarakat adat untuk jenis kayu merbau rata-rata total Rp. 729.032,- sedangkan WTP perusahaan Rp. 60.000/m3 sampai Rp. 100.000/m3. Mekanisme kompensasi yang dipraktekkan selama ini dalam pengusahaan hutan produksi di Papua Barat menunjukkan bahwa tidak satupun dari kriteria kunci yang dilaksanakan secara utuh atau lengkap. Terdapat celah kebijakan yang menjadi permasalahan tentang kompensasi baik pada standar pengenaan kompensasi, prosedur dan tata cara pembayaran, serta pembinaan, pengawasan, dan pelaporan. Evaluation of Compensation System of Production Forest in Communal Land Right of Sougb Tribe, Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua ProvinceAbstractIn West Papua Province, the compensation program was intended to solve the conflict between local people and logging corporations. Nevertheless, the program has not been implemented effectively. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the compensation of communal land right of Sougb Tribe in term of benefit flow, WTP, WTA, the mechanism as well as the compensation policy. This research took place in Teluk Bintuni Regency and data were collected in five villages (Kampung Bina Desa, Kampung Lama, Tirasai, Atibo and Tihibo) as communal landowner of Sougb Tribe. Then, the local people and corporation were purposively interviewed using questionnaire. Data were analysed statistically and presented descriptively. The results showed that the compensation of communal land right of Sougb Tribe per year was IDR 293,764,482 on average; WTA of local people for Merbau was IDR 729,032 ; and WTP of logging corporation ranged from IDR 60,000/m3 to IDR 100,000/m3. The mechanism of compensation has been carried out for about couple of years without paying full attention to the key criteria. Consequently, compensation policy has not been enforced fully such as standard payment of compensation, the payment procedures, local community development, controlling and reporting
Karakteristik Petani dan Kontribusi Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) Terhadap Pendapatan Petani di Kulon Progo
Get PDFSalah satu program yang dikeluarkan Kementerian Kehutanan terkait pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah program Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm), yang salah satunya berlokasi di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sosial ekonomi petani HKm Kulon Progo dan kontribusi HKm terhadap pendapatan petani. Penelitian dilakukan mulai November 2013 sampai dengan Februari 2014. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei dan wawancara kepada anggota kelompok tani dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan petani HKm rata-rata berusia 53 tahun, pendidikan petani rendah karena 53% lulusan SD. Rata-rata jumlah tanggungan keluarga 4 orang. Rata-rata luas lahan andil 2.128 m2 dan rata-rata luas lahan milik 2.947 m2 sehingga termasuk petani gurem. Tujuh puluh persen petani HKm hutan produksi dan 47,3% petani HKm hutan lindung masuk ke dalam kategori miskin sekali dan miskin. Kontribusi HKm pada pendapatan petani adalah 6,4% pada hutan produksi dan 4,8% pada hutan lindung. Kecilnya kontribusi dari HKm berimplikasi pada upaya peningkatan pendapatan petani melalui pengembangan potensi tanaman empon-empon dan umbi-umbian serta potensi wisata. Characteristic of Farmer and Contribution of Community Forestry to Farmer’s Income in Kulon ProgoAbstractOne of the project that is held by Ministry of Forestry is Community Forestry (CF), which one is located in Kulon Progo. This research aim was to obtain the social-economic characteristic of CF farmers in Kulon Progo and to know the contribution of CF to their total earning. The data collection had been held from November 2013 until February 2014 and was collected by survey and interview to some members of CF groups. The data was analyzed by descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the average of farmer’s age was 53; farmer’s education was in a low level as 53% were graduated from elementary school. The average of family member were 4 persons. The average of CF land was 2.128 m2 and the average of farmers’s own land was 2.947 m2. That was meant that the farmer was near to be categorized as poor farmer. Seventy percent of farmers from production forest and 47.3% farmers from protected forest were categorized as very poor and poor. CF contribution towards farmer’s income was 6.4% in production forest and 4.8% in protected forest. The low contribution of CF implicated to improve farmer’s income through developing non-timber forest product asherbs and edible root and also potential for eco-tourism
“We Are in a Different World”: A Reflection on Science-Policy Interface
Get PDFPresident Joko Widodo, during a foresters’ reunion at the Faculty of Forestry-Universitas Gadjah Mada in December 2017– expressed his concerns about deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia. Talking about the roles of scientists and academia, he was implicitly asking: “Where have you been?” He clearly expected them to show their contribution through producing “impact science”. This offers chances to channel their expertise and gain greater influence in policy-making processes. In fairness, a remarkable number of research programs, networks and collaboration across scientific disciplines have endeavoured to formulate viable strategies for wise use and responsible management of forests (Maryudi & Sahide 2017), although some (e.g. Kartodiharjo 2013) argue that a fraction of scientists may conduct scientific exploration for the sake of science itself. A paradox, there is.We may simplistically say “better science, better policy”. Research through systematic procedures is indeed highly desirable to produce more accurate policy advice (Head & Lucia 2015). But question remains how to integrate scientific results into policy decision-making and implementation processes, and what factors may facilitate or debilitate such processes. We have seen “ready-made” scientific results with great potential to contribute to improving the forest conditions under- presented and even overlooked in policy-making processes. A reality check, it is.In fact, science-based findings and advices are not ulilised, not for reasons of objectivity and truth but because of their conformity and convergence of normative ideas and beliefs of government agencies and policy-makers (Werland 2009). Their decisions are taken in certain directions in the political, social, and economic systems (see Maryudi 2015 for an example), largely by the interest of their powerful and influential constituents (Boecher & Krott 2016). What they expect from science often diverge from scientists’ estimations on what policy-makers consider relevant scientific products (Janse 2008).Political considerations may prohibit the adoption of ample strategies (Maryudi 2016). We have witnessed countless examples (see Maryudi & Krott 2012; Setiawan et al. 2016; Prabowo et al. 2017; Maryudi 2005). As a result, the political decisions often deal with minor changes and waives any comprehensive problem analysis (Krott 2005). Policymakers may use research findings, not as input in decision making, but as a political tool to justify the decisions made. Given the complex policy-making processes, it is a big ask to expect knowledge acquisition. For scientists, producing evidence is very important, but making them applicable, in accordance with the needs and logic of thinking policy makers is equally important.There are ways to improve the impact of their research, nonetheless. Thompson et al. (2011) suggest scientists to focus on public priorities in formulating the research areas. Maryudi et al. (2018) say that scientific agenda may need to balance between issue-driven and curiosity-driven science. This would bridge disconnects between scientific focus and policy priorities. They also need to communicate effectively to wider communities. Scientific information should be easily digested by the target groups; this requires a broader set of skills than the commonly used in scientific communities nonetheless (ibid.). This may well go beyond the capacity of the scientific community because they often have less influence on policy levels. To mediate this, Boecher and Krott (2016) highlight the role of intermediaries capable of transferring knowledge and mediating interests. Werland (2009) scientists may need to seek strategic coalitions with non-forestry actors in order to integrate their findings into policy
Dampak Keterbukaan Tajuk terhadap Kelimpahan Tumbuhan Bawah pada Tegakan Pinus oocarpa Schiede dan Agathis alba (Lam) Foxw.
Get PDFKeberadaan tumbuhan bawah sebagai akibat adanya bukaan tajuk merupakan keuntungan tersendiri bagi ekosistem lokal termasuk penyediaan nutrisi bagi tegakan yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak keterbukaan tajuk terhadap keragaman tumbuhan bawah. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan line transect dengan plot 2 m × 2 m dengan arah memotong garis kontur pada tegakan Pinus oocarpa, Agathis alba, dan hutan alam sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman tumbuhan bawah pada semua tegakan tergolong tinggi, dimana indeks keragaman pada tegakan Pinus oocarpa sebesar 3,19, tegakan Agathis alba sebesar 3,19, dan hutan alam sebesar 3,48. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi prosentase tutupan tajuk maka keragaman jenis akan semakin berkurang. Pengurangan tutupan tajuk sebesar 100% akan menghasilkan kenaikan indeks keragaman sebesar 2,11. Kegiatan penjarangan atau perampingan tegakan perlu dilakukan pada tegakan pinus di tegakan pinus di Petak 43 Lebak Siu (nilai rerata tutupan tajuk/X=0,7 dan Petak 44 Rangkahan (X= 0,65), serta pada tegakan agathis di Petak 55 Kompos (X =0,51) dan Petak 55 Pancuran (X= 0,50). Pembabatan tumbuhan bawah perlu dilakukan untuk jenis-jenis eksotis yang berpotensi invasif seperti Clidermia hirta, Disporum uniflorum, dan Nephrolepis exaltata untuk mempertahankan kelestarian jenis asli. Impacts of Canopy Gap to the Understory Plants Abundance on Stands of Pinus oocarpa Schiede and Agathis alba (Lam.) Foxw.AbstractUnderstory plant existed by canopy gap is distinct advantages for the local ecosystem, including the provision of nutrition for the forest stand. The research aimed to identify impacts of canopy gap to the understory plants abundance. Data were collected using line transect method, which a plot (2 m × 2 m) was placed on opposite direction with contour line in Pinus oocarpa stand, Agathis alba stand, and the natural forest as a control. The results showed that diversity of understory in all stands was high, i.e. Diversity Index (H’) of pine stands was 3.19, agathis stands was 3.19, and the natural forest was 3.4. Regression analysis showed a higher value of canopy cover significantly decreased species diversity. Reduction of 100% canopy cover would result in an increase of diversity index of 2.11. Thinning and pruning were required on pine stands in Block 43 Lebak Siu (canopy cover average/ X=0.7) and Block 44 Rangkahan (X=0.65) as well as agathis stands in Block 55 Kompos (X =0.51) and Block 55 Pancuran (X=0.50). Clearing was required to the exotic plants i.e. Clidermia hirta, Disporum uniflorum, and Nephrolepis exaltata to maintain the sustainability of native species
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Association of Mushroom Cultivation and Ozonolysis as Pretreatment for Enzymatic Saccharification of Sengon(Falcataria moluccana) Sawdust
Get PDFWood industry based on sengon (Falcataria moluccana) material has developed rapidly and cause the huge wastes. Lignocellulosic materials, such as sengon sawdust, offer a great potential as cheap and abundant feedstock for biofuels production. Ozone oxidation pretreatment was carried out on sengon wastes to improve fermentable sugar production by enzymatic saccharification. Sengon wood (SW), sengon media (SM), and sengon spent media (SMM), that was waste of media after mushroom cultivation, treated with ozone for different treatment time were enzymatically saccharified. Then the decrease of hydrolysis weight, reducing sugar yield, and monosaccharide yields were determined. Ozone treatment resulted in Klason lignin degradation in the all samples, resulting in the improvement of subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Ozone treatment with the duration more than 30 min was not suitable for SMM sample. Glucose yield after saccharification from the ozone-treated sample for 60 min was the highest among all samples in SW and SM treated, but for SMM it was 30 min. Based on these results, we concluded that mushroom cultivation can reduce the ozone time treatment and it is an effective treatment to improve sugar yield by enzymatic saccharification of sengon wastes. Gabungan Pra-perlakuan Ozonolisis dan Budidaya Jamur Sebelum Sakarifikasi Enzimatis Serbuk Kayu Sengon (Falcataria moluccana)IntisariIndustri kayu berbahan baku kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana) saat ini tengah berkembang dengan sangat pesat dan hal ini menyebabkan timbulnya banyak limbah kayu sengon. Materi lignosellulosa, seperti limbah serbuk kayu sengon, merupakan potensi yang sangat baik sebagai bahan baku bio-fuel karena murah dan banyak tersedia. Praperlakuan dengan oksidasi ozon pada limbah kayu sengon dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi gula reduksi melalui proses sakarifikasi enzimatis. Serbuk sengon (SW), media sengon (SM), dan limbah media sengon (SMM), yang merupakan sisa dari media budidaya jamur, diberi perlakuan dengan ozon pada berbagai lama waktu perlakuan. Sampel yang sudah diberi perlakuan ozon tersebut kemudian dianalisis kandungan kimianya dan di-sakarifikasi secara enzimatis. Selanjutnya diukur laju hidrolisis, kadar gula pereduksi, dan kadar monosakarida. Perlakuan dengan ozon menyebabkan degradasi kadar Klason lignin di semua sampel, sehingga mengakibatkan peningkatan kemampuan sakarifikasi dari enzim. Perlakuan ozon dengan lama waktu lebih dari 30 menit tidak sesuai untuk sampel SMM. Kadar glukosa hasil sakarifikasi yang tinggi diperoleh dari sampel SW dan SM yang diberi perlakuan ozon selama 60 menit, serta SMM yang diberi perlakuan 30 menit. Berdasarkan hasil ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan jamur dapat mengurangi lama waktu perlakuan ozon dan praperlakuan efektif untuk meningkatkan kadar gula reduksi yang dihasilkan dari sakarifikasi enzimatis limbah kayu sengon
Distribusi dan Keanekaragaman Herpetofauna di Hulu Sungai Gunung Sindoro, Jawa Tengah
Get PDFSebagian besar lahan di kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro sudah mengalami konversi menjadi tipe penggunaan lahan lain terutama pertanian. Kondisi ini tentu saja sangat memengaruhi potensi biotik yang ada di sana. Penggalian potensi fauna yaitu herpetofauna sangat perlu dilakukan karena herpetofauna bisa digunakan sebagai indikator kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi dan keanekaragaman jenis herpetofauna yang ada di hulu sungai pada kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dengan rancangan transek. Penempatan transek sepanjang 1 km yang digunakan di sepanjang sungai yang ada di dalam kawasan lereng Gunung Sindoro. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data jenis yang meliputi nama jenis, jumlah individu/jenis, SVL (snout-vent length), berat, jenis kelamin, dan aktivitas saat dijumpai dan posisi dalam lingkungan. Selanjutnya digunakan indeks keragaman Shanon-Wiener untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman herpetofauna. Distribusi atau sebaran dilakukan dengan mengolah titik koordinat perjumpaan dengan herpetofauna menggunakan ArcView 3.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari seluruh lokasi penelitian berhasil ditemukan sebanyak 14 jenis herpetofauna yang terdiri dari 4 jenis reptil dan 10 jenis amfibi. Famili Ranidae dan Dicroglossidae mendominasi jenis amfibi yaitu sebanyak 3 jenis dan untuk famili Bufonidae, Megophrydae, Microhylidae, dan Rhacophoridae masing-masing terdiri dari 1 jenis. Keempat jenis reptil yang ditemukan berasal dari 4 famili yang berbeda yaitu Colubridae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae, dan Scincidae. Indeks keragaman herpetofauna di kawasan tersebut memiliki nilai sebesar 1,03 yang termasuk kategori rendah. Persebaran spesies herpetofauna bervariasi dimana 1 spesies tersebar di seluruh lokasi pengamatan sedangkan 2 spesies tersebar di empat lokasi pengamatan. Selanjutnya, 1 spesies tersebar di 3 lokasi, 3 spesies yang tersebar di 2 lokasi, dan 6 spesies hanya ditemukan di 1 lokasi pengamatan. Distribution and Diversity of Herpetofauna in Upper River of Mount Sindoro, Central JavaAbstractMost of area on the slopes of Mount Sindoro has been converted from forest area to other land-use types, particularly into agriculture area. The massive conversion in this region can have a significant effect for its biotic conditions. The exploration of fauna, especially herpetofauna, is highly necessary as they can be used as indicators of environmental degradation. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution and diversity of herpetofauna in the upper river on the slopes of Mount Sindoro. The method used in this study was the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) with transects design. Transects were placed with the length of 1 km along rivers in the study area. We collected herpetofauna species, number of individuals, measured snout-vent length, weight, identified sex, and observing their activities when encountered. Further, Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used to determine the diversity of herpetofauna. The mapping distribution of herpetofauna was done by processing the coordinates of an encountered herpetofauna with using ArcView 3.3. The results showed that from all of the study site, it had been found 14 species of herpetofauna which consisted of 4 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians. Family Ranidae and Dicroglossidae were dominant amphibians with 3 species. Further, family Bufonidae, Megophrydae, Microhylidae, and Rhacophoridae had 1 species for each. Four species of reptiles were found from 4 different families (Colubridae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae and Scincidae). Herpetofauna diversity index in the region had a value of 1.03 which was considered in a low category level. Distribution of herpetofauna species were varied i.e. 1 species scattered throughout the observation location whereas 2 species were spread across four observation sites. In addition, 1 species was spread over 3 locations, 3 species were spread across 2 locations and 6 species were only found in 1 location