Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
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Evaluasi Awal Kombinasi Uji Provenans dan Keturunan Araucaria Cunninghamii Umur 12 Bulan di Bondowoso, Jawa Timur
No full textoai:jurnal.ugm.ac.id:article/577Uji keturunan Araucaria cunninghamii telah dibangun tahun 2008 di Bondowoso Jawa Timur. Sebanyak 80 famili dari enam sumber benih (Fak-fak, Sorong, Serui, Wamena, Manokwari dan Queensland). Uji keturunan dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap berblok (Randomized Completely Block Design), 4 pohon per plot, 4 ulangan dengan jarak tanam 4 m x 2 m. pada umur 12 bulan perbedaan tinggi dan diameter di antara sumber benih berbeda nyata. Persen tumbuh semua provenans umumnya tinggi (96,7-100%). Perbedaan famili dalam sumber benih sangat berbeda nyata baik untuk tinggi maupun diameter. Heritabilitas pertumbuhan tinggi (h2f = 0,58; h2i = 0,28) dan diameter (h2f = 0,55; h2i = 0,30) termasuk klasifikasi sedang. Korelasi genetik antara tinggi dan diameter cukup kuat (rg = 0,78).Kata kunci: Araucaria cunninghamii, uji keturunan, pertumbuhan awal, heritabilitas. Early Evaluation of Provenance and Progeny Trial Combination of Araucaria Cunninghamii Age 12 Months in Bondowoso, East JavaAbstractA progeny test of Araucaria cunninghamii seedling seed orchard was established in 2008 in Bondowoso, East Java. The progeny trial comprises of eighty open-pollinated families collected from six seed sources (Fak-fak, Sorong, Serui, Wamena, Manokwari and Queensland). The trial was designed as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisted of 80 seedlots, 4 tree-line plots, 4 replicates with spacing of 4 m x 2 m. At 12 months of age there were significant differences among provenances for tree height and stem diameter. The survival rate of all provenances was high (96.7 -100%). Differences between families within seed source were significant both for height and diameter growth. Estimated heritability for height was moderate (12f= 0.58; h2 = 0.28) and also for diameter (f = 0.55; h21 = 0.30). Genetic correlation between height and diameter was quite strong (rg = 0.78)
Kaindea: Dinamika Pengelolaan Hutan Adat di Pulau Kecil (Studi Kasus: Pulau Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi)
No full textIndonesia adalah Negara Kepulauan yang mempunyai keragaman ekologi dan budaya dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam. Termasuk dalam pengelolaan hutan, masyarakat pulau-pulau kecil mempunyai system pengelolaan hutan adat yang terpelihara secara turun-temurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dinamika pengalolaan hutan adat berdasarkan kearifan masyarakat Pulau Wangi-Wangi. Penelitian ini kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dalam perspektif emik, yaitu pandangan masyarakat Mandati di Pulau Wangi-Wangi terhadap pengelolaan hutan adat. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan sejarah secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Masyarakat Mandati di Pulau Wangi-Wangi masih mempunyai pengelolaan hutan adat berbasis masyarakat yaitu Kaindea. Kaindea dikelola berdasarkan aturan adat yang berfungsi konservasi, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Kelestarian pengelolaan hutan adat secara turun-temurun berkaitan dengan eksistensi hubungan antara “Kaindea-Koranga” (hutan-kebun) dengan masyarakat. Disarankan agar transformasi kelembagaan pengelolaan hutan adat sebagai pilihan kebijakan berdasarkan kearifan dan kondisi ekologi local.Kata kunci: Kaindea, hutan adat, pulau-pulau kecil, kearifan lokal.Kaindea: Dynamic Management of Indigenous Forest in Small Island (Study Case: Wangi-wangi Island, Wakatoby Regency)AbstractIndonesia as the archipelago country has diverse ecological and natural resources. Similarly, the type of forest management and its conditions also vary widely, so it requires an appropriate management system adapted to the local conditions. The objective of this study is to find out local wisdom in the Kaindea management system and ecological, economic and social-cultural fungction on Wangi-Wangi Island. This study is qualitative research with a case study method in emics perspective. Data is then analyzed descriptively by historical approach. The result of the study showed that Mandati community in Wangi- Wangi Island has a unique forest management system based on community. It's called Kaindea. Kaindea management in general is based on the customary roles. The Kaindea has ecological, economics and socio-cultural functions. The sustainability of communal forest management is related to the existence of "Kaindea-Koranga" (forest-garden) relationship. It is suggested that institution transformaion of communal forest management becomes a policy options based on the local wisdom and ecological conditions
Potensi Produksi Arang dari Hutan Rakyat Desa Bangunjiwo, Kecamatan Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
No full textAsam jawa (Tamarindus indica) dan mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) yang banyak tumbuh di hutan rakyat Desa Bangunjiwo merupakan calon ideal yang patut diajukan sebagai bahan baku arang karena keduanya termasuk golongan kayu keras yang memiliki kualitas arang baik dan harga jual dari kedua jenis arang tersebut mempunyai daya tarik untuk menambah penghasilan. Informasi tentang produksi arang dari jenis-jenis tanaman berkayu yang tumbuh di hutan rakyat diestimasi melalui penyusunan persamaan allometrik yang bisa dipakai untuk tegakan pohon yang masih berdiri. Untuk menyusun persamaan allometrik, 30 sampel potongan kayu log jenis asam jawa dan 29 sampel potongan kayu log jenis mahoni dibuat arang dengan tungku pembakaran tradisional untuk menentukan hubungan antara volume log kayu perkakas (Vkp) dengan produksi arangnya (Pa). Bahan baku pembuatan arang berupa log kayu perkakas dari hutan rakyat baik dari bagian batang maupun cabang yang mempunyai batas diameter 7 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa volume log kayu perkakas mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan produksi arangnya (asam jawa: Pa = 185,6180 (Vkp)0,9455 , n = 30, r2 = 0,9559; mahoni: 321,2263(Vkp)1,0725 , n = 29, r2 = 0,9459; campuran = 235,0601 (Vkp)1,0008 , n = 59, r2 = 0,9465). Potensi produksi arang di hutan rakyat diestimasi berdasarkan persamaan allometrik tersebut. Potensi produksi arang di hutan rakyat Desa Bangunjiwa sebesar 12,067 ton/ha, sebanding dengan nilai uang Rp 21.117.250,00 /ha yang dikontribusikan dari hutan rakyat sebagai pendapatan daerah setempat.Kata kunci: Produksi arang, tanaman berkayu, hutan rakyat. Potentials of Charcoal Productions from Community Forest in Bangunjiwo Village, Kasihan Sub Regency, Bantul, YogyakartaAbstractAsam jawa (Tamarindus indica) and mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) which predominantly grow on the community forests of Bangunjiwo Village are an ideal candidate as raw matterial of charchoal production because they're hard wood makes good quality charchoal and income from its charchoal are an attractive source of supplemental revenue. Information on its charchoal production are needed, but this information is currently lacking. The potential of charcoal production of woody perennial in the community forests were estimated by developing allometric equations for standing trees. To establish the equations 30 sample logs of tamarind and 29 sample logs of mahoni were made charcoal by traditional kiln to determine the relationships between the mechantable timber volume/log (Vkp) and its charcoal production (Pa). The raw material of charcoal production from the merchantable timber volume in the community forests was the ligneous material contained in the bole and branches which both with a diameter of at least 7 cm. The results showed that the merchantable timber volume was strongly related to the charcoal production (tamarind: Pa = 185.6180 (Vkp)0.9455, n = 30, r2 = 0.9559; mahoni: 321.2263 (Vkp)1.0725, n = 29, r2 = 0.9459; mixed: = 235.0601 (Vkp)1.0008, n = 59, r2 = 0.9465). The potential of charcoal production in the community forests was then estimated based on the allometric equations. The potential of charcoal production in these community forests was 12.067 ton/ha, equal to Rp 21.117.250,00 /ha which contributing the forest to the regional income
Rekonstruksi Hutan Purba di Kawasan Karst Gunungsewu dalam Periode Sejarah Manusia
No full textPenelitian ini dilakukan di kawasan karst Gunungsewu yang terletak di wilayah kabupaten Gunungkidul, ai Kanigoro hingga Wediombo. Ada dua tujuan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) menemukenali sejarah flora yang menghuni karst Gunungsewu dan (2) merekonstruksi profil hutan-purba berdasarkan periode sejarah manusia. Pendekatan Paleoetnoforestri digunakan metode dasar untuk rekonstruksi hutan, yang berpijak pada hukum uniformitas dan pendekatan analogi. Analisis polen dan pentarikhan radio karbon menjadi alat untuk rekonstruksi hutan selama periode sejarah kebudayaan manusia pada kala Holosen. Perolehan data di analisis secara komparatif dan asosiatif untuk mendapatkan jawaban secara kausatif, sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan induktif tentang kondisi hutan purba. Umur lapisan pengendapan polen dinyatakan dengan BP (Before the Present). Pernyataan umur dengan BP ini biasa digunakan dalam mempelajari sejarah kebumian, dan secara Internasional ditetapkan tahun 1950 sebagai titik awal. Untuk mempelajari sejarah kebudayaan manusia digunakan skala Sebelum Masehi-Masehi (SM-M), yang didasarkan pada kelahiran Kristus sebagai titik awal dalam kalender Masehi. Penelititan ini menghasilkan varisai tiga tipe flora dari jaman prasejarah hingga saat ini, yaitu tipe hutan bagian bawah pada 16.894±440 hingga 9.296±140 tahun BP (18.844-11.246 SM), tipe hujan tropika pada 9.296±140 hingga 1.753±90 tahun BP (11.246-3.703 SM), dan tipe hutan monsun pada 1.753±90 tahun BP hingga tarikh modern (3.703 SM - 1950 M). Kelompok flora Euphorbiaceae merupakan kelompok flora yang masa penghuniannya paling lama, yaitu ditemukan pada 16.894±440 tahun BP hingga sekarang, sedangkan kelompok Moraceae yang saat ini dikenal sebagai flora identitas kawasan karst ditemukan pada 9.296±440 tahun BP. Rekonstruksi profil hutan purba pada jaman prasejarah manusia menunjukkan bahwa hutan pegunungan bagian bawah pernah menghuni kawasan karst sejak sebelum periode Keplek, kemudian memasuki periode Keplek hingga Ngrijangan berubah dihuni oleh hutan hujan tropis, dan pada periode Klepu berubah menjadi tipe monsun. Tipe monsun ini terus berlangsung hingga jaman sejarah, bahkan sampai dengan saat ini. Ciri kebudayaan prasejarah yang subsistem dapat menjelaskan, bahwa bukan faktor antropogenik yang menyebabkan bukan tipe flora, merupakan karena perubahan iklim yang dipicu oleh berakhirnya zaman es yang menandai berakhir kala Pleistoten.Kata kunci: Analisis polen, hutan purba pentarikhan karbon, zaman prasejarah, situs palentologiReconstruction of Paleoforest in Gunungsewu Karst Area in the Period of Human HistoryAbstractThis research was carried out in Gunungsewu Karst area, Gunungkidul District from Kanigoro to Wediombo. The main objectives of this research are (1) to identify floristic history and (2) to reconstruct the palaeoforest profiles in the area. Palaeoecobotanical approach is used as the basis for the reconstruction of palaeoforest. Descriptive-explanatory methods were used to explore, interpret, and reconstruct floristic tracks from pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, vegetation analysis, and also human cultural history. Explanatory approach was used to describe collected data, to compare, to find association, and to explain the research finding. Hypothetical tests were done by deductive-inductive logics, using general theories for basic foundation to be verified by facts from the fields. This research resulted in three types of flora from Prehistoric times to the present, that is tropical mountainous forest of 16,894±440 - 9,296±140 years BP, tropical rainforests in 9,296±140 - 1,753±90 years BP, and monsoonal forests in 1,753±90 years BP until now. The Euphorbiaceae was the oldest flora occupied the area, existed between 16,894±440 years BP until now, while the Moraceae which is known as the karstic floral identity began to be found since 9,296±140 years BP. Reconstruction of palaeoforest in human prehistory provides information that the tropical mountain forests had inhabited the area before the era of Keplek, then entering the era of Keplek until Ngrijangan the tropical rainforest occupied this area. In the era of Klepu, the forest has been turned into the monsoon type and this type persists through history until now. Cultural traits of prehistoric subsistence can explain that change in the types of flora is not caused by anthropogenic factors, but due to climate change triggered by the ice age expiration that marked the end of the Pleistocen
Kajian Ekosistem Mangrove Hasil Rehabilitasi pada Berbagai Tahun Tanam untuk Estimasi Kandungan Ekstrak Tanin di Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah
No full textPenelitian ini dilakukan di kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove Pantai Utara Pemalang dan Rembang, Dari dua lokasi tersebut masing-masing di pilih tanam mangrove yang sama. Setiap tahun tanam dibagi dalam tiga zona dari arah laut ke darat. Kondisi ekosistem mangrove dikaji melalui pendekatan terhadap pengukuran kerapatan, rata-rata tinggi dan diameter, ketebalan lumpur, salinitas dan kandungan bahan organik pada setiap zonasi dan setiap tahun tanam. Untuk memperkirakan kandungan ekstrak tanin, pada setiap tahun tanam diambil 3 sampel vegetasi (dalam satu zona diambil satu sampel), kemudian dikelupas kulitnya, ditimbang dan dilakukan analisis laboratorium. Kandungan ekstrak tanin dalam satu tahun tanam dapat diestimasi dengan cara menghubungkan dengan nilai kerapatannya. Uji varian untuk dua sifat yang berbeda, dilakukan untuk melihat signifikasi kerapatan tanaman pada setiap tahun tanam pada dua lokasi rehabillitasi mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa estimasi kandungan ekstrak tanin di Pemalang dan Rembang pada tahun tanam 2002 rata-rata menunjukkan angka yang lebih tinggi daripada tahun tanam 2003 dan 2006. Pada tahun 2002 di Pemalang, estimasi ekstrak tanin sebesar 105,93 kg/ha sedangkan di Rembang mencapai 159,23 kg/ha. Pada tahun tanam 2006 mangrove di Pemalang mempunyai kandungan ekstrak tanin sekitar 80,90 kg/ha, sedangkan di Rembang sekitar 143,36 kg/ha.Kata kunci: Mangrove, ekosistem, ekstrak tanin. A Study of Rehabillitated Mangrove Ecosystem in Different Planting Year to Estimate Tannin Extract Content in Northern Coast of Central JavaAnstractThe research was conducted in the mangrove plantation areas of Pemalang and Rembang North coasts. From those two areas, mangrove vegetations with the same three plantation ages were chosen which were then divided into three zones from the sea. Tree density, height and diameter, the depth of sediment, water salinity and the content of organic matter were measured and assessed for each mangrove zones and plantation ages. In order to estimate the content of tannin extract of a mangrove tree, three mangrove trees of each plantation age were taken as samples. The wood of the trees were then peeled off, measured the weight and taken to the laboratory to analyze their tannin extract content. The content of tannin extract of the whole mangrove areas was obtained by multiplying the average of tannin extract content per tree with the vegetation density of those two mangrove areas. Varians analysis was employed to find out the significant different of the density three plantation ages of two mangrove rehabilitation areas. The results showed that for plantation years of 2002, the tannin extract content at both mangrove plantation areas of Pemalang and Rembang in averages was estimated to have a higher amount than those of plantation year 2003 and 2006. Respectively, the tannin extract content of plantation year of 2002 in Pemalang and Rembang were estimated to have 105.93 kg/ha and 159.23 kg/ha tannin extract. Mangrove vegetation with plantation year of 2006 in Pemalang contained 80.90 kg/ha, while for Rembang is 146.36 kg/ha
Pengukuran Kadar Ekstraktif dan Sifat Warna pada Kayu Teras Jati Doreng (Tectona grandis)
Get PDFMeasurement of Extractive Content and Color properties on Black-streaked Heartwood of Teak (Tectona grandis)Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) in certain areas of Java usually has black streaked heartwood or has been known as "doreng". In general, the color of wood is related to the kinds and amounts of extractives, therefore, black streak that appeared on the heartwood was studied by means of color measurements and the determination of extractive content. The study was made with 13 trees of black streaked heartwood and 5 trees of normal heartwood. The wood powder (40-60 mesh) was extracted successively with ethanol-benzene (1:2, v/v) for 8 h and hot water for 3 h. The used system of color measurements was CIEL*a*b* which represents brightness, redness and yellowness. The discolored wood was contained substantially more ethanol-benzene soluble extractive content (12 - 22%) than did the normal heartwood (7 - 11%). The yield differences of hot-water soluble extracts were not as pronounced. Beside the brightness (L*), the differences in redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) between the normal (L* = 51-61, a* = 4 to 7, b* = 24 to 28) and black streaked heartwood (L* = 42-51, a* = 6 to 9, b* = 20 to 25) before the extraction, were notable. The total color differences ( E*) before and after extractions, however, were not significantly differed between the discolored ( E* = 6 to 13) and normal heartwood ( E* = 5 to 11) parts. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between ethanol-benzene soluble extractive content with L* (r = -0.97) and b* (r = -0.94). The hot-water soluble extract was moderately correlated with a* (r = 0.54) and the difference in redness ( a*) before and after extractions (r = 0.75)
Good Forest Governance: Sebuah Keniscayaan dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Hutan Lestari
No full textGood Forest Governance: A Necessity in Sustainable Forest Resource ManagementForest resources development is one of natural resource management sectors implemented centrally during the period of New Order (Orde Baru). Forest resource management was executed exploitatively and centrally without considering local and regional aspirations, causing abandonment of local communities. Communities living near and in the forest were neglected and did not have any access to gain forest benefits appropriately. This has caused conflicts between state and communities upon forest resources utilization that to some extent has initiated forest resource degradation.Since the political reformation in 1998, along with more democratic and stronger civil society in Indonesia, good forest governance concept was believed as a strategy that is able to accommodate the dynamic and answer various problems in forest resource management. In this concept, state has to acknowledge its inadequacy in forest resource management. Government should share roles and authorities to other stakeholders in proportion to each capability. Government was forced to be able to accommodate and provide participatory space to the communities in every step of forest management activities. Additionally, ecological aspect has also to be the primary consideration in this strategy. By applying good forest governance concept that is always based on social and ecological aspects, it is expected that forest resource sustainability and community welfare improvement could be realized.
Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragam Tanaman Pakan Rusa Bawean di Kawasan Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Bawean, Jawa Timur
No full textAbundance and Diversity of Bawean Deer Foods in Bawean Wildlife Sanctuary,Bawean Island,East JavaBawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is an endemic species to Bawean. Habitat change and loss, land conversion, and over exploitation affect the availability of potential food forBawean deer. The aims of this research were to identifi types ofpotential food for Bawean deer in Bawean Wildlife Sanctuary, the abundance ofpotential foods in Bawean Wildlife Sanctuary and the diversity of such potential foods. Data collected using line transects whose length was adjusted according to field condition. The line transects were located in parallel to natural trail of study area. Observation was done in the plots established along transect, where plant being eaten by Bawean deer was found. Plot has a circular form with diameter of 3.14 m. Distance between plots was determined to be 100 m. Indicators used to collect data were feces, footprint and bite or chew mark on food plants. Identification ofplant species was conducted directly for every plant which showed bite or chew mark Data concerning type ofplant and its number, part of plants which was bitten or chewed and plant height were recorded. Abundance will be determined from the number of potential foods in each location. The results were afterwards compared among three forest regions. The diversity of food plant species was determined using Shannon index. The result showed that there are 29 plants considered as potential food for Bawean deer. Most of the plants are grasses, and herbs, while woody plants are found in a small number. Leaves, shoots (buds) and fruits are part of plant often being eaten. There are 14 food plants occurred in Gunung Mas forest region, 27 food plants were found in Gunung Besar forest region and 13 food plants in Tanjung Cina Island. Taliata, rumput padang and gadung have high abundance in Gunung Mas forest region, the smallest abundance was occupied by kayu flat. Kabek-kabekan putih, lading-ladingan and taliata showed the highest abundance in Gunung Besar forest region, while karangsang has the lowest abundance. In Tanjung Cina Island, high abundance was dominated by gadung, taliowar and lading-ladingan. On the other hand, talicacing, kayu tekek and rombok putih showed low abundance. Among three study areas, Gunung Besar forest region has the highest diversity index, followed by Gunung Mas forest region and then Tanjung Cina Island
Tunas Air: Variasi Kemunculan dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jati (Tectona grandis)
No full textEpicormics Root: Emerge Variation and Its Effect on Teak (Tectona grandis) Seedling growth Epicormic shoot is an adventitious shoot appearing from the dormant buds. The formation of the shoots is influenced by environmental conditions such as drought, excessive crown opening (by thinning) or by shoot death, but genetic factor also plays a role. Epicormic shoot is assumed to negatively affects plant growth. The study aims to identin) family variation in tendency to form epicormic shoots and to examine the effect of epicormic shoots on seedling growth of teakThe study was conducted in 2006 on teak plantation in compartments 37b, 38c, and 38d, RPH Mangkang, BKPH Mangkang, KPH Kendal. Plant materials used were 6-month teak plantation named as prospective teak plantation (Jati Prospektip. The research was done in Randomized Completely Block Design using 28 seedlots/families (clone number 1 to 28), 3 treeplots, and 3 blocks as replication; and 2 silvicultural treatments i.e. with epicormic shoots and without epicormic shoots (shoots being cut).Results showed that seedlots with the highest tendency to form epicormic shoots were number 5, 18, and 25, while those with the lowest tendency were 6, 10 and 12. The existence of epicormic shoots negatively affected plant growth both on height and stem diameter. In two months, height and stem diameter growth of plants without epicormic shoots were 81.0 cm and 1.29 cm respectively, while those with epicormic shoots were only 69.1 cm and 1.13 cm respectively. Two families showing the highest growth performance were families 14 (with height and diameter growth of 95.6 cm and 1.50 cm) and 22 (94.2 cm and 1.47 cm).
Model Lengkung Bentuk Batang (Taper Curve) Pohon Jati (Tectona Grandis)
No full textModel of Taper Curve of Teak Stem (Tectona grandis)Detailed information on tree volume for fancy wood, such as teak, is important to estimate its financial value. Therefore, a method of estimating stem volume in portion wise is developed. The objective of this study was to apply a parabolic taper curve in various tree strata. Data of stem diameter at any relative height were collected from selected felled-tree samples according to stem quality both in the state and community forests by section wise measurement. Regression analysis was applied to estimate parameter and to test the suitability level of the parabolic taper model. The results showed that parabolic taper model could be used to describe the stem curve of clear bole stem in state forest and the stem curve up to tree height with minimum diameter of ca. 10 cm. In the state forest, the parabolic taper model was fit to medium and large diameter classes or in the intermediate and dominant strata. For small diameter class or in suppressed stratum, the model was not sufficiently fit. On the other hand, the parabolic taper model was fit to all samples from community forests because the samples comprised the stem of best quality from the stand. The parabolic taper model was suitable to apply on high quality stems which were characterized with healthy, cylindrical, and straight stem, high clear bole, and straight grain