Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
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Potensi Kayu Perkakas dan Kayu Bakar Jenis Jati (Tectona grandis) di Hutan Rakyat Desa Natah, Gunung Kidul
No full textPotentials of Merchantable Timber and Firewod of Teak (Tectona grandis) in Natah Village Community Forest , GunungkidulThe potential of merchantable timber and firewod of teak (Tectona grandis) in Desa Natah community forest was estimated by developing allometric equations method. To establish the allometric equation 350 sample trees were measured to determine the relationships between tree height (H) and diameter breast height (D). Thirty trees of various sizes were cut to measure the merchantable timber and firewood volume. The raw merchantable timber volume of teak in the community forest was defined as the ligneous material contained in the bole and branches which both with a diameter of at least 10cm. The result showed that D (taken at about 1.3m above the ground) was a good predictor of H with r2 over 0.9672. When D was combined with H, r2 was improved somewhat for the merchantable timber volume, suggesting the growth patterns of tree dimensions were colesy interdependent. A standing stock of the merchantable timber and firewood volume of teak in the community forest was then estimated based on the allometric relations. Proportions of the merchantable timber and firewood volume were 66.91% and 33.09% of total wood volume per tree, respectively. The potential of merchantable timber and firewood volume in these community forest were 13.501 m3/ha and 8.686 m3/ha, respectively, with a basal area of 1.887 m2/ha. Based on the basal area, Desa Natah community forests of teak could be classified into extremely sparse of stands category
Arahan Penggunaan Lahan untuk Pengendalian Erosi Tanah di Sub-DAS Wuryantoro DTA Waduk Gajah Mungkur Wonogiri Jawa Tengah
No full textRecommendation of Land Use Allocation to Control Soil Erosion in Wuryantoro Sub-Watershed DTA Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, Wonogiri, Central JavaThe research aims to recommend optimum land use allocation that can control soil surface erosion in Wuryantoro sub-watershed. The research was done using land evaluation aproach to land unit and analyzed based on area function allocation, land capability classification, and erosion hazard rate. Optimization analysis on land use allocation was done statistically through linear program symplex method using QSB software.The results showed that actual land use caused actual soil surface erosion (A) of Wuryantoro subwatershed was higher that tolerable erosion (T) treshold. Optimization analysis recommends that to control actual soil surface erosion (A) to be lower that tolerable erosion (T) treshold, its is needed to convert all actual land uses of groves and croplands to forest. Actual land uses of production forests, community forests, irrigated farmlands, rainfeed farmlands, and residential could still be kept remain as they were
A Review of Relationships Between Wood Quality and Silvicultural Practices
No full textThe effect of silviculture on wood quality has been approached from different perspectives. This relationship is being a critical concern of forest managers, landowners, and also researchers. Reliable information is needed to support forest managers in predicting the consequences of various silvicultural practices in terms of quantity and wood quality.Wood has beed used for a variety of products. Each product has particular requirements regarding quality. The variation of wood quality requirement allows industries to decide to use timber resource appropriate for their products. Silvicultural practives cover all treatments applied in forest stand management especially to improve the quality of stand, including manipulation of the availability of sunlight, nutrient and water by using several treatments such as thinning, control of spacing, fertilizing, and pruning. The quality of stand is aimed to achieve particular forest management objectives including higher wood quality.There is no broad generalization regarding the relation between silvicultural practice and wood quality. Many investigators showed positive results in relation to producing high quality of wood products, while other researchers revealed negative effects. Reliable information is needed to support forest managers in predicting the consequences of various silvicultural practices in relation to the wood quantity and quality. Continuous research is needed to find methods of producing wood of high quality based on silvicultural practices and genetic improvement which can be used in wider area by considering limitation including environment and geographic variation
Penyusunan Skedul Suhu dan Kelembaban Awal untuk Pengeringan di Dalam Tanur Pengering Konvensional bagi Kayu Durian Bersortimen 55 X 195 mm
No full textDecreasing supply of most commercial depterocarp wood as raw material inspirates wood working industry producing building construction component to look for uncommercial wood to be utilized. Proper utilization of these woods must be based on wood properties consisting of wood basic and processing properties. Drying property is one of the most important wood processing property. Proper drying process will be the main key to utilize effectively and ensure to get high quality wood product. Durian (Durio spp) is one of uncommercial wood grown naturally in Sulawesi island forest. This wood is used by wood industr to produce building component to be exported. There is no yet drying schedule formulation of this wood lumber in dimension of 55mm thick and 195 mm wide. The objective of this research was to develop drying schedule for durian wood in that dimension. Drying schedule was developed by the result of quick drying test. The formulation of drying schedule was elaborated based on Terazawa method. The research result showed that initial moisture content and specific gravity of this wood was 103.4% and 0.4 respectively. Theoretically, the first drying schedule was 54oC as an initial remperature and 80oC as a final temperature. Web bulb depression for the initial step of drying was 4oC and for the end step was 30oC. The range of relative himidity were 80% to 17%. These drying schedule was coded by T5F6. Keywords: drying schedule prediction, 55 x 195 mm sortiment, durian lumber, Terazawa methodSchedule Development of Initial Temperature and Relative Humidity for Conventional Drying of Durian Wood in Dimension of 55 mm thick and 195 mm wideDecreasing supply of most commercial depterocarp wood as raw material inspirates wood working industry producing building construction component to look for uncommercial wood to be utilized. Proper utilization of these woods must be based on wood properties consisting of wood basic and processing properties. Drying property is one of the most important wood processing property. Proper drying process will be the main key to utilize effectively and ensure to get high quality wood product.Durian (Durio spp) is one of uncommercial wood grown naturally in Sulawesi island forest. This wood is used by wood industr to produce building component to be exported. There is no yet drying schedule formulation of this wood lumber in dimension of 55mm thick and 195 mm wide. The objective of this research was to develop drying schedule for durian wood in that dimension. Drying schedule was developed by the result of quick drying test. The formulation of drying schedule was elaborated based on Terazawa method.The research result showed that initial moisture content and specific gravity of this wood was 103.4% and 0.4 respectively. Theoretically, the first drying schedule was 54oC as an initial remperature and 80oC as a final temperature. Web bulb depression for the initial step of drying was 4oC and for the end step was 30oC. The range of relative himidity were 80% to 17%. These drying schedule was coded by T5F6
Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan dan Jenis Sortimen Kayu Suren terhadap Kecepatan dan Cacat Pengeringan
No full textEffect of Drying Method and Lumber Dimension on Drying Rate and Defects of Suren WoodEfforts to improve productivity of wood industry must be supported by increasing supply of wood as raw materials. The limited wood supply due to natural forest degradation can be increased by wood harvested from plantation forests, including wood of suren (Toona sureni Merr) as one species composing the forests. In timber processing wood drying is an important aspect determining product quality. This study aimed to identify the effect of drying method and sortimen dimension on drying character of suren wood.Trunks of 3 suren trees of seven to nine years old were cut from Manggihan village, Getasan district, Semarang regency. The bolts were sawn (using blambangan method) to obtain sortimen papan wood of 3 cm (thickness), 8 cm (width), and 210 cm (length) and sortiment usuk wood of 4 cm, 6 cm and 210 cm. Beside two levels of sortimen size, two levels of drying method, e.g. natural and solar drying were also used in this research. Resulted data were analyzed with factorial complete randomized design. Measured parameters consisted of drying rate, dimension shrinkage and some drying defects e.g. bowing, cupping, end check, surface check and fungi infection.Research results showed that drying methods significantly affect drying rate, but not other parameters. Also, product dimension affects significantly to drying rate, but not other parameters. Interactions between the two factors did not give any significant effect on all parameter. To produce the same drying level on the same product size, solar drying method is faster than natural one. To reach dry wood with 14% moisture content in solar drying method, sortimen papan and usuk needs 23 and 26.8 drying days respectively, while in natural drying method, the same product size needs 44.6 and 48.50 days of drying respectively
Pemanfaatan Serbuk Kayu untuk Produksi Etanol dengan Perlakuan Pendahuluan Delignifikasi Menggunakan Jamur Phanerochaete Chrysosporium
No full textUtilization of Sawdust to Produce Ethanol Using Delignification Pre-treatment with White Rot Fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporiumCurrently, Indonesia is in the middle ofpetroleum crisis. One ofthe alternative fuels which can be used as a petroleum substitute is ethanol. Ethanol can be produced from timber waste (sawdust). Indonesia in 2003 had timber waste potency of about 3-4 millions m3. However, ethanol production from sawdust has problems due to its lignin content. Therefore, research on bio-delignification treatment of sawdust prior to ethanol making process is required. In the present study ethanol was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using crude cellulose from Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The raw materials for ethanol production are sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen syn.), meranti (Shorea sp.) and teak (Tectona grandis LIIVN.f.) sawdust after pretreatment with white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium for 10, 20 and 30 days incubation time. The yield of ethanol was between 1.65-44.83 g/1. The best combination treatment is sengon sawdust with 30 day incubation time
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Uji Provenans Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Umur 20 Tahun di Lad Krating, Chachoengsao, Thailand)
No full textEvaluation of Provenance Trial of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Growth Age 20-Year-old in Lad Krating , Chachoengsao Province, ThailandGrowth characteristics of a wide range of provenance trial of Eucalyptus urophylla established at Lad Krating Plantation, Chachoengsao Province were assessed at 20 years of age. The trial was established to ascertain the extent of variation within the species, identify promising sources for the immediate seed supply and provide information on superior sources for selection. The trial consisted of 18 provenances representing six islands in Indonesia, viz. Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor, Wetar, and Timor. Results from the present study indicated that there were significant differences in survival, tree height, clear bole, diameter at 10 cm above ground level (D10), and diameter at breast height (Dbh) among provenances. Meanwhile, the difference in crown diameter among provenances was insignificant. The present results recommended 6 provenances, viz. Mt. Lewotobi (Flores), Mt. Wasbilla (Pantar), Mt. Kerbau (Lomblen), Mt. Lewerok (Flores), Ampui (Alor), and Mt. Lakaan (Timor) as the best performing provenances for the next selection process and the most promising seed sources to be used in increasing the plantation productivity at Lad Krating
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Semai Beberapa Provenan Sungkai (Peronema Canescens Jack) di Kalimantan Selatan
No full textGrowth Evaluation of Several Provenances of Sungkai (Peronema Canescens Jack) Seedlings in South KalimantanSungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is among the species recommended for industrial forest plantation (IFP) by the Ministry of Forestry. Despite this fact, very little is known about the extent of genetic variation in wild populations and few attempts, if any, have been made at genetic improvement. Sungkai cuttings are collected wherever available, rather than companies seeking high-quality stockplants. No effort has been made to increase the quality of cuttings by collecting them from different geographical origins (provenance test). Cuttings from five provenances in South Kalimantan were tested at nursery stage in order to indent6 the best provenance. The result showed that all provenance had a 100% survival rate. Kandangan provenance was the fastest in finishing shoots formation. There is no significant difference in term of shoot length however, in average, provenances from Tambarangan and Tanjung had longer shoots, i.e. 31 cm and 30.65 cm, respectively
Bio-Economic Perspective to Fuelwood Policy Options in Uganda: A Demand–Supply Nexus
No full textThis study examines the benefits and costs of selected policy options for increasing fuelwood supplies or decreasing fuelwood demand in Hoima district, Uganda. On the supply side, a benefit-cost analysis is done on a government sponsored tree farming project. In order to reduce the demand for fuelwood, two demand-side options are considered, namely, introduction of an improved energy-efficient woodstove, and the substitution of a kerosene stove for a traditional woodstove. Greater understanding of the linkages among these factors requires a systems approach. We have proposed such an approach using a non-linear dynamic programming model to explore the system behaviour of forest degradation. Our results show that tree-farming is one of the possible approaches to increase the supply of fuelwood (energy), while the woodstoves and kerosene substitution are policies that reduce the demand for fuelwood. This helps to alleviate the rural energy shortage and take some pressure off existing protected forest areas. The tree cover in the forest areas declined by 6% in the BASE scenario, 4.8 % in POPG scenario and 4.7% in TECH scenario, indicating an overall trend of forest degradation in the Hoima district under each of these scenarios. Reductions in the population growth rate, introduction of improved agricultural technology and increase in the prices of major agricultural crops can help slow down the rates of forest decline. This study does not attempt to analyse the wider energy planning program that would be needed to understand accurately the various alternatives available in Uganda.
Sertifikasi Phenyl: Persepsi Masyarakat dan Dampak Sertifikasi pada Pengusahaan Hutan Skala Lokal (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Selopuro dan Desa Sumberejo, Kecamatan Batuwarno, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Propinsi Jawa Tengah)
No full textPhenyl Certification: Public Perception and Impacts of Certification of the Local Scale Forest Management (Study Case in Selopuro and Sumberejo Villages, Batuwarno Sub District, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java)In 2002, Indonesian Ecolabel Institution (LEI) established the so-called Sustainable Community Based Forest Management Certification system (PHBML). In 2004, with a PHBML certificate award, the community forest management units in Selopuro and Sumberejo villages, Batuwarno sub district, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java were anknowledged as the best institution in sustainable yield function, social function, and ecological function aspects. This research was aimed to find out the community's kind of perception, as well as that of KPS (Certification Farmer Community) officials and members in particular, to PHBML certification implementation. Also, the study was intended to discover the impact of PHBML certification upon the local scale forest management.The research findings indicated that the community's level of understanding to PHBML certification was poor when compared with that of KPS officials. This condition due to the official failure to share the knowledge they had receivedfrom NGO with the KPS members. With PHBML certification, the institutional management by forest farmers had been proven improved however, there have not been yet any significant improvement to farmer income, and to forest product marketing. In addition to this, what was meant by significance, did not fully answer the farmer expectation of better sustainable forest principle realization.