Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
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Allometric Equations for Estimating Above Ground Biomass of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) in The Community Forest of Bateh Village, Magelang
No full textThe above ground biomass of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) in the community forest of Bateh Village were estimated by developing allometric equations. To establish the allometric equations, 400 sample trees were measured to determine the relationships between tree height (H) and stem diameter at breast height (D). Eighteen trees of various sizes were cut to measure the above ground biomass (stem, branch and leaves). The results showed that a diameter of 1.3m above the ground (D) alone was a good predictor of tree height (H). When D was combined with H, r2 was improved somewhat for stem, branch and leaves biomass. The relationships among measured tree dimensions drew a simple linear in log-log scale diagrams with r2 over 0.9699, suggesting the growth patterns of tree dimensions were closely interdependent, whereas the allometric equations between D and H was approximated by the hyperbolic relation with r2 over 0.9141. The individual tree equations appear to be applicable over a wide area of sengon in the community forest of Bateh Village, Magelang, Central Java
Pengaruh Ekstrak Tembakau terhadap Serangan Rayap Kayu Kering Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light pada Bambu Apus (Gigantochloa apus Kurz)
Get PDFEffect of Tobacco Extracts on Apus Bamboo (Gigantochloa apus Kurz) resistance against Drywood Termite Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light (Gigantochloa apus Kurz) AttacksBamboo is one of community forest products and people use it for many purposes. Due to insect attack such as termite, the life time of bamboo product is short. To avoid chemical pollution in bamboo preservation process, tobacco extract was used.Tobacco was extracted in water, in the amounts of 100, 150 and 200 g in 1 l of water, at temperature of 70-80°C for 3 hours. Bamboo trees were cut, the bottom parts were soaked in tobacco extract solution for 1, 3 and 5 days. Samples were cut into 5 cm x 3 cm x bamboo thickness at the bottom, middle and upper parts of the bamboo tree. After being air dried, each sample was exposed to 50 dry wood termites in a small glass tube for two months.The results showed that bamboo preservation by diffusion with high concentration of tobacco extract (200 g tobacco extracted in 1 l of water) resulted in 61% termite mortality.
Kajian Awal terhadap Potensi Kawasan Konservasi Taman Buru Gunung Masigit Kareumbi, Jawa Barat dalam Upaya Pengembangan Ekowisata
No full textPreliminary Study of Potentiality of Hunting Park of Mt. Masigit KareumbiConservation Area, West Java for Ecotourism DevelopmentMasigit Kareumbi Hunting Park, with all its uniqueness, specificity, beauty, natural phenomena, landscape and ecosystem types is the basis of capital whose existence required to be continuously explored and analyzed in order to develop ecotourism development. Ecotourism potential of Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park have not been optimally managed to develop as ecotourism product to improve the life quality of surrounding local communities. This research was conducted to provide information on potential development of Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park. Field survey was performed to determine the selected locations that can strategically be developed as natural tourism objects. The results of the study showed that Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park had the diversity potencies of flora, fauna, landscape and ecosystem types potential to be developed for ecotourism products. These potencies should be optimized for the hunting park as well as to increase income of local community.
Seleksi Pohon untuk Sarang Kuntul Kerbau (Bubulcus ibis) di Dusun Wisata Ketingan Kab. Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
No full textPenelitian seleksi pohon untuk sarang Kuntul kerbau (Bubulcus ibis) di desa Ketingan, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi dasar dalam manajemen populasi. Survei keberadaan sarang Kuntul kerbau dilakukan bersama dengan identifikasi ketersediaan jenis pohon. Pengukuran tingi pohon, ukuran tajuk, kerapatan tajuk dan jarak dari gangguan manusia juga dilakukan untuk masing-masing pohon. Uji Kai-kuadrat menunjukkan bahwa Kuntul kerbau memilih beberapa jenis pohon untuk bersarang seperti Gnetum gnemon L., Cassia siamea Lamk. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Callophyllum inophyllum L., Melia azedarach L., Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng., dan Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum (Juss.) Miq. Tinggi pohon, tinggi tajuk, diameter dan jarak dari gangguan manusia menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antara pohon yang digunakan dan tidak digunakan untuk sarang tetapi diameter setinggi dada dan kerapatan tajuk pohohn tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Manajemen habitat Kuntul kerbau diperlukan dalam pengendalian populasi untuk konservasi jenis burung ini.Kata kunci : penggunaan sumberdaya, ketersediaan sumberdaya, seleksi habitat, Bubulcus ibis Tree Selection for Nest of Cattleengret (Bubulcus ibis) in Ketingan Tourisme Village, Sleman Regency, YogyakartaAbstractHabitat selection of Bubulcus ibis in Ketingan Village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta was investigated to provide basic information for population management. Presence of Bubulcus ibis nest was surveyed along with identification available tree species. Tree height, canopy size and openness, and distance from human disturbance were also measured for each tree. The Chi Square test showed that bubulcus ibis selected several species as nest trees such as Gnetum gnemon L., Cassia siamea Lamk., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Calophyllum inophyllum L., Melia azedarach L., Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng., and Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum(Juss.) Miq. Tree height, canopy height, canopy diameter and the distance from human disturbance showed a significant difference between used and non-used trees for the nest, however diameter breast high (DBH) and canopy openness of trees did not show significant differences. Habitat management of Bubulcus ibis should be improved by controlling its population that needed for the conservation of this bird species
Analisis Perambahan Hutan di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (Studi Kasus Desa Tirom Kecamatan Pematang Sawa Kabupaten Tanggamus)
No full textTaman Nasional di Indonesia sebagian besar memiliki masalah terkait keberadaan manusia. Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS), sejak penunjukannya selalu ada konflik dengan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Di TNBBS telah ada tindakan penggunaan lahan illegal dimana hal ini sering disebut dengan perambahan hutan. Perambahan hutan yang terjadi di Desa Tirom menjadi menarik untuk diperhatikan karena Desa Tirom memiliki penanganan konflik yang lebih rumit dibandingkan dengan desa-desa lainnya di sekitar TNBBS.Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkap faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan tindakan perambahan hutan oleh masyarakat Desa Tirom di Kecamatan Pematang Sawa, Kabupaten Tanggamus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan metode kuantitatif untuk menguji factor kepemilikan lahan legal dan pendapatan masyarakat sebagai factor yang mempengaruhi tindakan perambahan hutan. Dalam metode kualitatif, responden dipilih secara purposive dan wawancara dilakukan secara mendalam, sementara itu teknik survey dilakukan untuk menguji secara kuantitatif.Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam disimpulkan adanya beberapa masalah social ekonomi yang dialami masyarakat Desa Tirom seperti pendapatan rendah, sedikitnya sumber penghidupan dan kurangnya kapasitas masyarakat dalam mengelola pertanian lahan sempit. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi diketahui bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang kuat antara tindakan perambahan lahan dengan pendapatan dan kepemilikan lahan pribadi. Studi ini menunjukkan juga bahwa ada faktor lain (selain faktor pendapatan dan kepemilikan lahan pribadi) yang menyebabkan perambahan hutan oleh masyarakat Desa Tirom. Faktor-faktor ini perlu dikaji dalam penelitian lebih lanjut.Kata kunci: Perambahan, Desa Tirom, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan SelatanAnalysis of Forest Encroachment in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (Study case in Tirom Village, Pematang Sawa Sub Regency, Tanggamus Regency)AbstractMost of National Parks in Indonesia have their problems related to human existence in conservation area. Since its establishment, there has been a conflict between Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) with the surrounding communities. In the BBSNP, there have been acts of illegal landusage where it is commonly referred as forest encroachment. Forest encroachment in Tirom village is becoming interesting to study because it needs more complicated handling compared to other villages.This study aims to reveal the factors led to forest encroachment action by people of Tirom village, Pematang Sawa sub-district, Tanggamus District. This social research used descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods to test the legal land ownership factors and people income as factors affecting forest encroachment action. In this method, respondents were chosen purposively and interview was conducted deeply (in-depth interview) on each respondent.Based on the results of in-depth interviews it is concluded that there are several socio-economic problems experienced by the Tirom village including low income, limited sources of livelihood, and low capacity of communities in managing small areas. Based on regression analysis resultsit was shown that there is no strong relationship between the act of appropriation (as seen from the encroachment of land area) with revenues and private land ownership. This study also shows that there are other factors (beside income and private land ownership factors) that led to forest encroachment by the Tirom Village communities. These other factors need to be tested through further research
Inventore Biomasa dan Karbon Jenis Jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) di Hutan Rakyat Desa Jatimulyo, Karanganyar
No full textHutan menyimpan biomassa dan karbon dalam bentuk pepohonan hidup, bagian organ tumbuhan yang sudah mati yang berada di lantai hutan (misalnya seresah), tanah dan hasil kayu. Kajian ini memaparkan hasil inventore biomassa bagian organ tanaman jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) diatas permukaan tanah (above ground biomass) yang tumbuh di lahan hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Diawali dengan penyusunan allometrik, kegiatan inventore dilakukan untuk menaksir potensi biomassa organ tanaman jati di atas permukaan tanah yang tumbuh di lahan hutan rakyat tersebut. Untuk menyusun persamaan allometrik, sebanyak 410 pohon diukur untuk menentukan hubungan antara tinggi pohon (H) dan diameter batang setinggi dada (D). Sepuluh pohon sampel dengan ukuran yang bervariasi ditebang dan berat biomassa masing-masing organ tanaman di atas permukaan tanah (batang, cabang dan daun) diukur. Hasil penyusunan allometrik ini menunjukkan bahwa diameter batang setinggi dada (±1.3 meter diatas permukaan tanah, D) merupakan penduga yang baik untuk tinggi pohon (H) dengan nilai koefisien determinasi r2 diatas 0,8886. Ketika parameter D dikombinasi dengan H, nilai r2 semakin meningkat untuk biomassa batang, cabang dan total biomasa di atas permukaan tanah; menandakan bahwa pola pertumbuhan antar dimensi pohon saling mempengaruhi secara kuat (closely interdependent). Simpanan karbon tegakan jati di hutan rakyat ini diukur dengan asumsi bahwa kadar karbon (C) sebesar 50% dari berat biomasanya. Simpanan biomasa hidup dari organ tanaman jati bagian di atas permukaan tanah yang tumbuh di hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo ini selanjutnya diinventore dengan menggunakan beragai persamaan allometrik yang telah disusun. Hasil inventore menunjukkan bahwa total biomasa diatas permukaan tanah untuk tegakan jati yang tumbuh di lahan hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo sebesar 27,064 ton/ha, setara dengan simpanan karbon sebesar 13,532 ton/ha, dengan luas bidang dasar sebesar 6,1526 m2/ha. Berdasarkan nilai simpanan karbon dan luas bidang dasarnya, potensi tegakan jati yang tumbuh di hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo dikategorikan rendah.Kata kunci: Biomasa dan karbon diatas permukaan tanah, jati, hutan rakyat, allometrik.Biomass and Carbon Inventore of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in the Community Forest of Jatimulyo Village, KaranganyarAbstractForests store biomass and carbon in the form of living trees, forest floor detritus (e.g. litter falls), soil and wood products. This study describes inventory results of the above ground biomass of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in the community forest of Jatimulyo Village, Karanganyar District. By developing allometric method, the inventory was designed to estimate the potential of above ground biomass of teak in the community forest. To establish the allometric equations, 410 sample trees were measured to determine the relationships between tree height (H) and diameter of breast height (D). Ten trees of various sizes were cut to measure the above ground biomass (stem, branch and leaves). The results showed that diameter at breast height ( about 1.3 m above the ground, D) was a good predictor of tree height (H) with r2 more than 0.8886. When D was combined with H, r2 was improved somewhat for the stem, branch and total above ground biomass, suggesting the growth patterns of tree dimensions were closely interdependent. Carbon storage of the teak forests was based on the assumption that carbon (C) concentration was 50% of the biomass. A standing stock of the above ground biomass of teak in the community forests of Jatimulyo Village was then inventoried based on the allometric relations. Results showed that the above ground biomass of teak in these community forests were 27.064 ton/ha, equal to 13.532 ton carbon/ha, with a basal area of 6.1526 m2/ha. Based on the carbon stock and basal area, the teak community forests of Jatimulyo Village are categorized as having low stand potential
Pertumbuhan Bulbil Iles-Iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Berbagai Ukuran pada Beberapa Jenis Media Tanam
No full textIles-iles atau porang menghasilkan bulbil berbagai macam ukuran, dan biasanya oleh petani yang digunakan sebagai bibit hanya yang berukuran besar saja. Dalam percobaan ini semua bulbil, mulai yang berukuran kecil, sedang dan besar ditumbuhkan pada beberapa jenis media tanam dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh bulbil yang pertumbuhannya paling baik dan media paling cocok untuk pertumbuhan awal dari bahan tanam berupa bulbil. Disamping itu studi ini juga menguji adanya interaksi dari kedua faktor yang diujikan yaitu antara ukuran bulbil dan jenis media tanam yang dicobakan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun Fakultas Pertanian di Kampus Condongcatur, pada ketinggian tempat 115 mdpl di mulai pada musim hujan tahun 2010/2011. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah ukuran bulbil (U) terdiri atas tiga taraf: U1 kecil (bobot ± 1,5 gram), U2 sedang (bobot ± 5 gram), U3 sedang (bobot ± 10 gram). Faktor kedua jenis media tanam terdiri atas tiga taraf: M1 (tanah + serasah), M2 (tanah + pukan sapi), dan M3 (tanah + pukan ayam). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa bulbil yang berukuran sedang dan besar sama baik jika digunakan sebagai bibit, sedangkan bulbil yang kecil dapat digunakan sebagai bibit jika telah melalui pemeliharaan khusus terlebih dahulu. Media tanam berupa tanah yang dicampur dengan pukan ayam memberikan hasil yang terbaik daripada perlakuan lainnya. Pada uji interaksi, tampak terjadi interaksi kedua factor pada beberapa parameter, di antaranya pada diameter kanopi daun, diameter batang semu, diameter umbi dan bobot basah umbi.Kata kunci: Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri), bulbil (umbi daun), media tanamGrowth of Different Sizes of Bulbil Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) on Several Planting Media TypesAbstractIles-iles or porang produces various sizes of bulbils, and farmers usually use only large ones. In this study, all sizes of bulbil: small, medium and large were grown on several planting media types. The purpose of this experiment is to obtain the best bulbil growth and the most suitable media for the initial growth of plant material in the form of bulbil. In addition, this study aims to test the interaction of both factors, bulbil size and type of planting media on bulbils produced. The experiment was done in the Faculty of Agriculture UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta experimental field in Condongcatur, at 115 m asl, at the beginning of rainy season of 2010/2011. The experiment was done with two-factors and three replications constructed in Randomized Block Design. The first factor was the size of the bulbil (U) consisting of three levels: U1 small (± 1.5 gram), U2 medium (± 5 gram), and U3 large (± 10 gram). The second factor is the type of planting media which consists of three levels: M1 (soil + litter), M2 (soil + cow manure), and M3 (soil + chicken manure).The results showed that medium size and large size bulbil are good to be used as seeds, while the small one can be used as seed only if it has been maintained in special treatment. M3 planting medium (soil + chicken manure) has given the best result compared to the other 2 treatments. Results of interaction test showed that there were interactions of both factors on some parameters including diameter leaf canopy, pseudo-stem diameter, root diameter and fresh weight of bulb
Komponen Kimia Kayu Jati dengan Pertumbuhan Eksentris
No full textTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas kayu cacat. Spesimen penelitian berupa 10 pohon miring yang diperoleh dari kegiatan penjarangan dari tegakan jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) di Randublatung, Jawa Tengah. Pada setiap pohon, kayu di bagian eksentrisnya dipisahkan \, kemudian sampel serbuk kayu diambil pada bagian teras terluar pada kedua lebar lingkaran tahun maksimum (bagian atas pohon miring) dan pada arah yang berlawanan, yaitu yang mempunyai lebar lingkaran tahun minimum (bagian bawah pohon miring). Serbuk kayu dihaluskan sampai mencapai 40-60 mesh untuk analisis kimia. Analisis data melalui uji t pohon pada kadar ekstraktif etanol-benzena (4-12%), kadar terlarut air panas (1-3%), kadar abu (0,7-3%) dan kadar lignin terlarut asam (0,7-1,4%). Pengukuran menggunakan GC dan GC-MS, menunjukkan tidak ada beda yang mencolok pada jumlah komponen utama ekstraktif etanol-benzena. Sebaliknya, kayu dengan lingkaran tahun paling lebar secara konsisten memiliki kadar lignin Klason lebih tinggi (32-35%) dibandingkan kayu dengan lingkaran tahun sempit (29-33%). Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa eksentris lebih berkaitan dengan komponen dinding sel kayu daripada zat-zat metabolism sekunder. Selanjutnya, tidak terlihat juga adanya indikasi terhadap pembentukan kayu tarik.Kata kunci: Tectona Grandis, kayu eksentris, pohon miring, sifat kimia, riap tumbuh. Chemical Components of Teak Wood with Eccentric Growth AbstractThe objective of this study is to learn the quality of abnormal woods. The specimens were 10 leaning trees obtained from thinned teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) stand in Randublatung, Central Java. In each tree, the eccentric growth parts were isolated, then wood meal sample was drilled at the outer heartwood part of both maximum annual-ring width (upper part of leaning stem) and in its opposite side, which had minimum annual-ring width (lower part of leaning stem). The wood meals were ground to size of 40-60 mesh for chemical analysis. Data analysis by paired t-test showed that no significant difference was found between the upper and lower parts in ethanol-benzene extractive content (4-12%), hot-water soluble content (1-3%), ash content (0.73%) and acid soluble lignin content (0.7-1.4 %) . By means of Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), no striking difference was also observed in the levels of major components of ethanol-benzene extracts. On the other hand, in Klason lignin content, the wood with widest ring consistently showed a higher content (32-35 %) than that with narrowest ring (29-33 %). These findings indicated that the eccentricity is more related to cell wall components than to secondary metabolites. Further, there is no indication with regard to the formation of tension wood
Kajian Ekonomi Biokraft Campuran Batang dan Limbah Cabang Mangium pada Berbagai Kondisi Pemasakan Pulp
No full textPemberian jamur P. chrysosporium pada serpih campuran batang dan cabang mangium sebelum dipulping (biopulping) mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan bahan kimia pemasak, menghemat penggunaan energi serta memperbaiki kualitas dari limbah cair pulp yang dihasilkan. Sebelum diaplikasikan dalam industri pulp maka metode ini harus dikaji secara ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan proses biokraft yang menguntungkan untuk diaplikasikan pada industri pulp. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perhitungan terhadap seluruh biaya yang dikeluarkan (capitalized cost) per ton pulp yang dihasilkan dari metode biokraft dengan modifikasi pemasakan pengurangan bahan kimia, pengurangan energi dan kombinasi pengurangan bahan kimia dan energi. Hasil yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan pada proses kraft konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode biokraft dengan modifikasi pengurangan energi layak diaplikasikan pada indusri pulp karena memiliki CC/ton pulp terkecil yaitu Rp. 50.952.915,15 /ton pulp sepanjang kenaikan biaya operasi biopulping dalam rentang 5-30%.Kata kunci: Biokraft, A. mangium, analisis ekonomi, pulp. An Economic Study of Biokraft From Mixed of Trunk and Branch Wastes of Mangium on Several Pulping Process ConditionsAbstractAddition of P. chrysosporium fungus on chip mixture of mangium trunk and branch before pulping process could increase the efficiency of chemical used, save energy consumption and improve the quality of effluent. Before application in the pulp industry, it should be made sure that biokraft method of mangium trunk and branches mixture is economically feasible. This study aims to determine the proper biokraft process applied to the pulp industry. In this study, costs incurred from biokraft modified cooking methods (chemical reduction, energy reduction and the combination of chemicals and energy reduction) were calculated, capitalized and then compared with the cost incurred from conventional kraft process.The results showed that biokraft method with modifications on energy reduction was economically feasible to be applied in pulp industry because it has the smallest CC/ton of pulp (Rp. 50,952,915.15 /ton of pulp) on condition that an increase of biopulping operating cost is in the range of 5-30%
Konservasi Global, Taman Nasional dan Praktek Lokal di Pulau Siberut, Sumatera Barat
No full textTaman Pulau SIberut (Sumatera Barat) dikenal memiliki keanekaragaman hayati tinggi. Dengan luas 403.500 ha, pulau ini mengandung jenis-jenis endemik (terutama primatanya), keunikan ekologi dan dihuni ‘masyarakat adat’ yang diasumsikan memiliki pengetahuan ekologi tradisional. Pendekatan politik ekologi dan metode etnografi digunakan untuk memaparkan sejarah dan praktek konservasi Siberut. Wacana konservasi Siberut sangat dipengaruhi narasi krisis biologi global, penelitian ilmiah dan kebijakan pemerintah. Pemantapan wacana konservasi mewujud dalam pembentukan taman nasional tahun 1993 melalui proyek PKAT dengan dana hutang Bank Pembangunan Asia. Isu konservasi tidak mudah diterapkan dan seringkali tidak sesuai dengan praktek lokal dan pandangan orang Siberut sendiri mengenai bagaimana keanekaragaman hayati seharusnya ditata dan dikelola. Masyarakat siberut memiliki interpretasi, artikulasi dan memproduksi makna konservasi yang berbeda dengan pegawai taman nasional dan actor-aktor lain dari luar. Hubungan antara orang Siberut dengan taman nasional diwarnai ciri negosiatif, mendua dan tidak stabil. Negosiasi makna mengenai bagaimana sumberdaya dikelola dari actor yang berbeda-beda kepentingannya menghasilkan dilemma konservasi.Kata kunci: Konservasi, politik ekologi, taman nasional, praktek lokal, siberut.Global Conservation, National Park and Local Practices in Siberut Island, West SumateraAbstractSiberut Island (West Sumatra) has high profile for conservation. This island of 403,500 ha has endemic species, ecological uniqueness and indigenous peoples assumed to have traditional ecological knowledge. Using ecological politics, this article will describe history of biodiversity conservation in Siberut. Discourse of Siberut conservation influenced by biological crisis narrative in the global context, scientific research and government policy. Conservation discourse was institutionalized during national parkestablishment in 1993 together with PKAT project and foreign debt from Asian Development Bank Nevertheless, conservation issue is not easy to implement in the local context and coherent with local practice. Indigenous people of Siberut interpret, articulate and produce meaning for conservation differently with other actors. The relationship between indigenous peoples and conservation issue has been characterized with negotiable features, ambiguity and instability. Meaning negotiation on how resources should be managed by actors with different interests resulted in dilemma of conservation