Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
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Dendrogram Zonasi Pertumbuhan Mangrove Berdasarkan Habitatnya di Kawasan Rehabilitasi Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah Bagian Barat
Get PDFDendrogram Zoning of Mangrove Growth Based on Its Habitat in the Rehabilitation Area on the North Coasts, West Region of Central JavaThe growth of rehabilitated mangrove, although planted at the same time, shows differences in terms of density and height growth. Such condition is visible in the North Shore of Brebes, Tegal and Pemalang Regency.The research result shows that mangrove growth planted in 2001 on the North Shore of Brebes, Tegal and Pemalang Regency is not apart from several factors, among others are its habitat physical-chemical factors. The result of regression correlation analysis shows that the habitat factors which play an important role in the vegetation density are salinity, temperature and plankton population. Meanwhile, the most dominant factor which determines the vegetation height growth is salinity and phosphor. The combination role based on its habitat shows that mangrove growth in Brebes Regency on proximal (1P) and medial (1M) zone and the one in Pemalang Regency on proximal zone (3P) has the shortest cluster, so that those research locations have similarity on vegetation growth and its habitat factors. Meanwhile, the proximal (2P) zone in Tegal Regency is similar with the medial (2M) zone. Mangrove growth on distal zone in Tegal Regency has less good growth parameter and habitat factors compared to that of in Brebes and Pemalang for containing more sand.From the research result, it can be concluded that the existence of habitat factors salinity, plankton population and phosphor have to be taken into consideration if a mangrove area will be rehabilitated/planted especially using Rhizophora mucronata seedlings. In order to reach the maximum achievement, one thing which has to be taken into consideration is the habitat clustering of the planted area, especially in Brebes, Tegal and Pemalang Regency area
Aktivitas Manusia dan Distribusi Banteng (Bos Javanicus D’alton 1832) di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo
Get PDFHuman Activities and Distribution of Banteng (Bos Javanicus D’alton 1832) in Alas Purwo National ParkThis study aims to comprehend whether human activities contribute to the presence of banteng (Bos sundaicus d’Alton 1836) in the Alas Purwo National Park (APNP). We laid continuous strip line transects from centre of human activities to the direction of core area of APNP. Three locations were selected: Sadengan grazing area, Giri Salaka Hinduism praying area, and Kutorejo village; representing low to high human disturbance respectively. We collected both direct and indirect presence of banteng as well as human activities within 20 metre strip lines with 10 metre width. Data were compiled each 100 metres and analyzed with means comparison to observe difference among locations. Correlation analyses were used to assess the relation between distance from centre of human activities, human activities and banteng presence. Regression analysis was used when significant correlations found.Our non parametric test showed that human disturbances are significantly different among sites (Kruskal Wallis Test; df 2 = 6.220, p< 0.05). In similar tendency but different manner, it is showed that the different levels of human disturbance conveyed significant difference in number of banteng’s tracks (Kruskal Wallis Test; df 2 = 18.888, p< 0.05). The distance from centre of human activities is negatively related to number of human tracks (Spearman rho; r2= -0.307 N= 64, p<0.05*) and also to number of banteng’s tracks (Spearman rho, r2= -0.728 N= 30, p<0.05**). The regression analysis showed that number of human tracks explained 18.6% of total variation on number of Banteng’s tracks, while distance from centre of human activities explained 59%.
Sifat Anti Cendawan Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Candida albicans dari Zat Ekstraktif Kayu Pelanjau (Pentaspadon motleyi)
No full textTrichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans Antifungal Activity of Palanjau (Pentaspadon metleyi) Wood ExtractivesPelanjau wood (P. motleyi) extractives traditionally used as medicine for skin infection such as scabies (tinea) and rash caused by fungal T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans. The aim of this research was to identify the effectiveness of pelanjau wood extractives on growth inhibitory of fungal T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans, isolate and identify extract compounds which have antifungal properties. Extraction and fractionation process yielded 7,04% of ethanol extract consisting of 0,28%, 1,28%, 1,19% and 4,29% of n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and residue fractions, respectively. Antifungal activity of pelanjau wood extract more effective on C. albicans growth inhibition than T. mentagrophytes fraction ethyl acetate at (0,03 and 0,06 mg/ml of MIC and MFC, respectively). Isolation of ethyl acetate fraction was resulted dominant compound EA6a and EA6c. NMR and GC MS analysis of compound EA6a indicate 2-Hidroxy octadecanoid acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl oleate, Octadecanoic acid, Vanilin and phenol,2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) as the possibly main component belonged to fatty acid and phenol group. Compound EA6c indicate Phenol, 4-(1,1 dimetylpropyl), Nonylphenol isomer, Phenol,4-(1,1,2,2-tetrametylbutyl), Nonyl-phenol mix isomer dan 4-Nonylphenol as the possibly main component in belong to phenol group
Media Kompos Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Sengon dan Pupuk Lepas Lambat untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Semai Pinus merkusii di KPH Banyumas Timur
No full textEffects of Composted Sawdust of Falcata Media and Slow Release Fertilizer to Promote Pinus merkusii Seedling growth in Banyumas Timur FMUPhysical and chemical properties of the potting media, especially porosity and nutrient availability, are required to produce good quality seedlings of pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vries). Composted sawdust of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood is a potential material to be used for growing media of pine seedlings. However, since this material contains low nutrients, addition of a slow release fertilizer is required to meet the nutrient demand of seedling growth. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of wood sawdust compost and slow release fertilizer on the growth of pine seedlings. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors and four replications. The first factor was the rate of sawdust compost and the second factor was the rate of slow release fertilizer. Height and root-collar diameter were measured at 6 months of age. As the results, sawdust compost and slow release fertilizer gave a significant effect on height and diameter growths. However, the effect of sawdust compost on seedling growth depended on the rate of fertilizer. Combination treatment that gave the best seedlings growth was 100% sawdust compost + 0% soil (and 12 g fertilizer /1.5 liter media). The seedlings applied with this treatment had the mean height of 8.72 cm and diameter of 2.24 mm, which were significantly greater than the control with the mean height and mean diameter of 1.87 cm and 1.15 mm respectively
Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul I. Pengukuran Laju Pertumbuhan
Get PDFKabupaten Gunungkidul menyimpan potensi sebagai penyedia kayu jati sebagai bahan baku industri dari hutan rakyatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya laju pertumbuhan dan riap pohon jati di hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Gunungkidul serta dihubungkan dengan faktor hujan. Tempat tumbuh yang diamati yaitu Panggang, Playen dan Nglipar. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 3 tahun, yaitu periode I (Oktober 2009-September 2010), periode II (Oktober 2010-September 2011), dan periode III (Oktober 2011-September 2012). Pengukuran diameter pohon dilakukan setiap akhir bulan pada 3 kelas diameter pohon, yaitu besar, menengah dan kecil, dengan ulangan 5 pohon tiap kelasnya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan rerata riap diameter tertinggi sebesar 2,21 ± 0,52 cm/tahun diamati di Panggang untuk kelas diameter besar sedangkan nilai terendah sebesar 0,33 ± 0,19 cm/tahun diamati di Nglipar yaitu untuk kelas diameter kecil. Kelas diameter besar memberikan nilai riap yang tertinggi. Pertumbuhan saat periode I hampir semua menunjukkan tertinggi pada semua tempat tumbuh dan kelas diameter. Secara umum, pengukuran riap bulanan menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan minim dan minus antara Mei-September, puncak pertumbuhan antara Nopember-Februari. Korelasi Pearson antara riap dan curah/hari hujan untuk semua data menunjukkan korelasi sangat nyata antara riap bulanan dengan curah hujan (r = 0,24) atau hari hujan (r = 0,28). Korelasi data berdasarkan faktor tempat tumbuh memperoleh derajat korelasi tertinggi (r = 0,67) yang diamati di Playen khususnya di periode II. Rendahnya derajat korelasi secara umum mengindikasikan beberapa faktor lain perlu diperhitungkan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan pertumbuhan pohon hutan rakyat Gunungkidul.Katakunci: Tectona grandis, laju pertumbuhan, riap, Gunungkidul, curah hujan A Study of Teakwood Quality Grown in Community Forests in Gunungkidul, I. Measurement of Growth-RateAbstractGunungkidul regency has a potentiality to be a producer of teak wood as raw materials for industrial purposes. This study aimed to find out the growth-rate and increment levels of teak trees from community forests in Gunungkidul regency and to correlate it with the rainfall factor. Three observed sites were Panggang, Playen and Nglipar. The observation was conducted during 3 years, i.e. 1st period (October 2009-September 2010), 2nd period (October 2010-September 2011), and 3rd period (October 2011-September 2012). The measurements of diameter were performed on trees in 3 diameter classes (high, middle, small) every in the end of the month by 5 replications of each class. The results were the highest average of diameter increment were 2.21 + 0.52 cm/year observed in Panggang for high diameter class as the lowest level was 0.33 + 0.19 cm/year observed in Nglipar for small diameter class. High diameter class showed the highest increment values. Most of the growth-rate levels of 1st period were the highest in every sites and diameter classes. Generally, the measurement of monthly increment showed the minimum or minus growth between May and September, the highest increment peaks were measured during November – February. Pearson’s correlation for all the data between the rates of increment and rainfall (r = 0.24) or rainy day (r = 0.28) were significant. Data correlation on the basis of gowth-sites showed the highest degree which were observed in Playen, especially in the 2nd period. The weak correlation generally indicates the other factors should be considered to discover the trend of the growth of teak trees in the community forests of Gunungkidul regency
Pengaruh Pakan dan Bahan Peluruh Serisin terhadap Filamen Terurai Kokon Ulat Sutera Emas Cricula trifenestrata Helf
Get PDFTujuan penelitian untuk melihat pengaruh pakan dan bahan peluruh serisin, terhadap filamen terurai kokon ulat sutera emas Cricula trifenestrata Helf. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menemukan teknologi penguraian filamen pada tahap pemintalan benang, sebagai bahan baku pembuatan kain sutera. Penelitian menggunakan percobaan faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) untuk melihat interaksi dari kedua faktor perlakuan yaitu jenis pakan dan jenis bahan peluruh serisin. Variabel yang diamati adalah panjang filamen terurai per kokon (cm), jumlah potongan filamen terurai per kokon (helai), dan panjang filamen perpotongan (cm/helai). Penelitian memberikan hasil bahwa kombinasi perlakuan jenis pakan daun alpukat dan bahan peluruh serisin sabun dengan abu kayu memberikan pengaruh yang terbaik terhadap rata-rata panjang filamen terurai per kokon, rata-rata jumlah potongan filamen per kokon, dan rata-rata panjang filamen perpotongan. Dengan demikian kombinasi perlakuan ini dapat disarankan dalam proses penguraian kokon.Katakunci: sutera, Cricula trifenestrata, serisin, filamen, kokon. Effects of Fodder and Sericin Degumming Agents on Asunder Filament of Golden Silkworm Cocoon of Cricula trifenestrata HelfAbstractThe research aim was to obtain the effect of fodder and sericin degumming agents on asunder filament of golden silkworm cocoon of Cricula trifenestrata Helf. This study expected to find an asunder filament technology in the yarn spinning phase, as the material of silk textile. The complete random design was used to find the interaction between two treatment factors of fodder types and sericin degumming agents. The length of asunder filament per cocoon (cm), the amount of pieces of asunder filament per cocoon (sheet), and the length of filament per piece (cm/sheet) were evaluated. The combination between avocado leaf and soap sericin degumming agent with wood ashes treatment showed the best results on the average of the length of sericin emitec filament asunder per cocoon, the average amount of filament pieces per cocoon, and the average filament length per piece. Therefore, the treatment combination is recommended on the cocoon asunder process
Sifat Anatomi dan Sifat Fisika Kayu Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn) dari Hutan Rakyat di Yogyakarta
No full textAnatomical and Physical Properties of Mindi Wood (Melia azedarach Linn) from Community Forest in YogyakartaInformation about mindi wood characteristics is very limited while utilisation of this wood on our society is very extensive. Better knowledge on anatomical and physical wood properties of mindi wood optimizes its utilization. Therefore, this study aims to identify anatomical (macroscopic and microscopic) and physical (moisture content, specific gravity and dimensional changes) wood properties of mindi taken from community forests around Yogyakarta. The macroscopic structural characteristics results showed that annual ring appeared clearly at transversal surface, having single vessel, vasicentric and diffuse parenchyma, rough texture, straight fiber direction, and no resin canal. Cell proportion of wood showed that fibers occupy more than 44%, followed by vessel (20%), parenchyma (19%) and rays (15%). Wood fiber dimension showed fiber length of 0.83 mm, fiber diameter of 14.57µ, and cell wall thickness of 2.50µ. Physical wood properties showed that mindi has 31% moisture content and 0.416 of basic specific gravity. Wood shrinkage from green to kilndry on longitudinal was 3.94 %, tangensial 5.74 %, and radial 2.60 %, with T/R ratio 2.38. Based on T/R ratio value, mindi wood is not recommended for wood construction due to its low dimensional stability. Furthermore, mindi wood also has high longitudinal wood shrinkage and low specific gravity indicating juvenility
Penentuan Tingkat Kompetisi Tajuk Tegakan Jati Hasil Uji Keturunan Umur 11 Tahun di KPH Ngawi
No full textDetermination of the Competition Level for Growing Space of Teak Canopy from 11-year- old Progeny Test in KPH NgawiThe increasing demand of teak wood should be followed by the increasing of teak forest productivity through intensive silviculture, especially growing space manipulation. The main objective of this research was to determine the growing space competition.The material was measurement data from eleven year progeny test located at the compartment 49a, RPH Sidowayah, BKPH Kedunggalar, KPH Ngawi. The growing space competition was calculated using Hegyi’s competition index. Superior trees were selected to determine competition zone of the subject tree and this result was proposed to calculate the competition index of all trees. Based on the correlation between competition index and tree height, vertical structure was then classified using k-means cluster.Based on 300 superior trees, the competition zone could be determined using reference angle of 66°. The competition index was vary in between 0.00 and 4.23 with average value of 1.18. The correlation between the index and the tree height was found to be low with r = -0.227. Based on this correlation, the vertical structure was classified into four level namely dominant, co-dominant, medium, and suppressed respectively
Pengawetan Kayu Gubal Jati Secara Rendaman Dingin dengan Pengawet Boron untuk Mencegah Serangan Rayap Kayu Kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.)
Get PDFPada penggunaan kayu jati umur muda, umum diketahui bahwa bagian gubal banyak diserang oleh rayap kayu kering karena keawetan alaminya yang rendah. Asam borat dan boraks merupakan salah satu pengawet yang mengandung bahan aktif boron yang murah, mudah didapat, tidak berbau, dan tidak mengubah warna kayu. Bahan yang digunakan adalah bagian gubal papan jati yang diperoleh dari tebangan jati hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Kali Bawang, Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor jenis bahan pengawet yaitu asam borat dan boraks (konsentrasi 5 %) dan faktor lama perendaman (12, 24, 36, dan 48 jam). Rayap yang digunakan untuk pengujian keawetan contoh uji pada penelitian ini adalah rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kisaran hasil rerata nilai pada parameter absorbsi sebesar 33,09 – 70,77 kg/m3 , nilai retensi sebesar 3,81 – 10,77 kg/m3 , kedalaman penetrasi 2,34 – 3,86 mm, mortalitas rayap sebesar 46,33 – 53 % selama 2 minggu dan 82,67 – 94,33 % selama 4 minggu pengumpanan, pengurangan berat sampel sebesar 0,56 – 0,57 gram, serta derajat kerusakan sebesar 30,34 – 31,27 %. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara faktor jenis bahan pengawet dan lama perendaman yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas rayap. Faktor jenis bahan pengawet berbeda sangat nyata terhadap absorbsi dan penetrasi. Faktor lama perendaman berbeda sangat nyata terhadap absorbsi, retensi, penetrasi. Pemberian bahan pengawet mampu mengurangi kehilangan berat sampai sekitar 70 % serta memberi persentase kematian rayap yang lebih tinggi (87-92 %) dibandingkan gubal tanpa perlakuan.Katakunci: Tectona grandis L.f., gubal, pengawetan kayu, boraks, rendaman dingin, Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light Preservation of Teak Sapwood by Cold Soaking Using Boron Against Drywood Termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.) Attacks.AbstractThe utilization of younger teakwood has a disadvantage, which is the sapwood is more susceptible to dry wood termites as it has less natural durability. Boric acid and borax are inexpensive preservatives, which contain boron as the active material. Those preservatives are also easy to be obtained as well as do not produce smells and the wood discoloration. The experiment materials were the sapwood parts from teak boards obtained from the felled trees in the community forest of Kali Bawang, Kulon Progo. A complete randomized block design was arranged in a factorial with two factors, which were the type of preservatives (boric acid and borax in 5% concentration) and duration of cold soaking (12, 24, 36, and 48 hours). To examine the durability of sample, dry wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) were used. The results showed that the average values of absorption, retention, and depth of penetration were 33.09 to 70.77 kg/m3, 3.81 to 10.77 kg/m3, and 2.34 to 3.86 mm, respectively. The average values of termite mortality during 2 weeks and 4 weeks were 46.33 to 53 %, 82.67 to 94.33 %. Weight reduction and degree of the damage were, 560 to 570 mg, and 30.34 to 31.27 %, respectively. By analysis of variance, there was an interaction between the type of preservatives and the duration of cold soaking factors, which affected significantly the termite mortality. Type of preservative affected significantly the absorption and penetration. Further, the duration of cold soaking affected significantly the level of absorption, retention and penetration. The application of preservatives could reduce the mass loss of specimens until 70 % as well as to give higher levels of mortality rate (87-92 %) compared to that of untreated one
Pola Aktivitas Harian dan Interaksi Banteng dan Rusa dalam Pemanfaatan Kawasan Padang Rumput Sadengan di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur
Get PDFDaily Activities Pattern and InteractionBetween Banteng and Deerin Sadengan Grazing a Area in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East JavaThis research was aimed to compare the pattern of daily activities between banteng and deer, and their interaction on using feeding ground in Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java. Methods used in this research were scan sampling, focused on groups of banteng and deer and focal animal sampling for four chosen individuals from each group. The observations began at 06.00 until 18.00. Daily activities recorded were resting, moving, feeding and drinking. Data analysis was done through arrangement of an ethogram to show daily activity and the time budget, and descriptive analysis to portray daily activity and interaction between banteng and deer. The results show that there are differences in the time used for resting and feeding between banteng and deer. Banteng used feeding ground more for resting (93,2%) and moving (5,7%). While deer used more for feeding (36,6%) and resting (61,8% ). Among chosen individuals of banteng and deer time variation in daily activities was apparent. Adult female of banteng has the highest time for resting (10,6 hours). It also occurred in adult female of deer (8,4 hours). Individual of deer which has the highest time for feeding is offspring with duration of 6,1 hours. Interaction between banteng and deer on using feeding ground tended toward symbiosis of commensalisms, in which they use it together without fighting. They too will vocalize together whenever other species wants to use the feeding ground.