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Auditing Techniques to Avoid Cost Accounting Frauds
Get PDFToday, we observe the importance of accuracy of financial statements in every corporation. Accounting scandals have caused important losses both in the macro and micro levels. This issue proves the significance of financial statement accuracy. This accuracy is provided by the trust environment. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the required environment of confidence for financial markets to improve and function effectively against increasing accounting frauds gradually. That can only be possible by using different auditing techniques, running inventory counting such as cash and stock, establishing strong internal controls, managing efficiently and benefiting from technology integrated auditing. The aim of this study is to investigate the most effective auditing techniques to avoid cost accounting frauds. In this research, the most effective auditing techniques for detecting and preventing fraud are investigated by using the case analysis method. Also, the well known scandals related with Olympus, Worldcom, Tesco, Sunbeam and Parmalat companies are examined as a part of the case analysis. Finally, recommendations and suggestions regarding fraud prevention methods are presented
The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Stability: Panel Data Analysis on Selected Countries
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic stability. In this regard, covering the period of 1990-2016, data of 35 countries, 19 of which are developed and 16 of which are developing, were used. The cointegration analysis results reveal that, there is a long-term relationship between the two variables in developed and developing countries. According to panel coefficient estimators, the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic stability is positive and statistically meaningful in Germany, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, and Sweden, which are developed countries, and also in Egypt, Turkey, Taiwan, Pakistan, and Indonesia, which are developing countries. However, the effect is negative and significant in contrast to expectations in England and Belgium, which are developed countries, and in India and the Philippines, which are developing countries
Funding Entrepreneurship and Innovation with Debt Capital: The Relevance of Capital Structure
Get PDFFunding entrepreneurial innovation with debt capital, defiling capital structure optimality, to push an economy forward in emerging economies is the focus of this study. It is targeting potential investors through a survey to seek clarification on their understanding and knowledge on capital structure as to its threat to business and investment failure. It prevailed that, entrepreneurship is not adequately defined to identify the right funding sources. Investors understand capital structure and engage funds at proportions as dictated by necessity and their utilities as against strict adherence to theory. Entrepreneurs accept responsibility to be efficient and innovative for growth and success; failure is not assignable to any theoretical shortcoming. This is acknowledging the optionality of capital structure and the need to develop the debt market to support entrepreneurial drive to ease unemployment in society
Foreign Capital, Real Sector Financing and Excessive Leverage in Turkey: What Went Wrong?
Get PDFRecently, large swings in inflation and exchange rates revealed that non-financial sector is heavily geared and extremely vulnerable. Therefore, a study trying to identify the contributing factors is needed. Separating firms into groups, based on size and stock market trading status; changes in financing patterns are investigated via panel data methodology. The study aims at fulfilling the need for analyzing the consequences of foreign capital flow at firm level and documenting its significance in addition to assessing the efficacy of contemporary monetary policy. Economic conditions significantly facilitated lending process, strengthening corporate access to credit, and resulted in excessive borrowing both in the form of foreign and domestic currency. With such heavy burden of debt, non-financial sector has been facing both exchange rate and the liquidity risks. The more severely a firm was previously challenged by financing limitations, the more it borrowed once the limitations are relaxed, contributing to excessive debt burden of the economy in proportion to its previous financing challenges
The Impact of Currency Shocks on Sanandaj Municipality Revenues in Iran
Get PDFExchange rate fluctuations have been affecting economic demand in recent years. The purpose of this study is to review the effects of exchange shocks on Sanandaj Municipality Revenues. The statistical population is Sanandaj municipality during 2006-2018 and SPSS, Eviews softwares were used for data analysis. The results show that since the correlation test is not significant at the level of 0.95, there is no significant relationship between two variables of municipality income and exchange fluctuations. Thus, the main hypothesis is rejected. In other words, exchange shocks have no impact on Sanandaj municipality revenues. Also based on the correlation test, since the correlation test is not significant at the level of 0.95, the relationship between the two variables of municipality income and negative exchange fluctuations is not significant and the sub-hypothesis (1) is rejected, and finally based on correlation test, since the correlation test is not significant at the level of 0.95, the relationship between two variables of municipality and positive exchange fluctuations is not significant. Thus, the sub-hypothesis (2) is rejected as well. It could be concluded that, Sanandaj municipality revenues do not follow the currency rate fluctuations
The Perception of Teachers about Financial Markets and Instruments Information
Get PDFIn recent years, online shopping, online financial transactions and social media have become a subject of interest to everyone. Current economic news and economic developments are being interpreted by all. In addition, individuals constitute the class of consumers as the most important element of microeconomics. Also regardless of profession, individuals carry out entrepreneurial activities and constitute economic units such as firms and so on. The public\u27s so much interconnectedness with the economy is normal, and this interest has been the subject of more research in academic circles in recent years. Many researches have been done on measuring the financial literacy of various public sectors. Various scales have been prepared. The financial literacy of teachers, who are the main component of education system, is very important both in terms of the large professional community they represent and in terms of the student population they train. In this aspect, teachers\u27 familiarity with financial systems and concepts, how they make sense of them in their daily lives have been seen as a subject worth investigating. The scales of financial literacy studies are examined in the literature. Also, the scale of the measurement of the level of financial knowledge felt towards the business environment other than financial literacy has been examined. A new scale has been prepared that includes the main elements of these two basic scales. A survey has been conducted in various subtitles that do not exceed one page. The questionnaire was applied to teachers in schools. It is given high importance that they fill the questionnaire with the researcher. Data which transmitted in excel are tried to be interpreted through the SPSS program. The survey contains sub-headings and will serve as the basis for more than one study. Teachers\u27 knowledge of the financial system is as low as expected. When applying the questionnaire, teachers talk about realizing that they don\u27t really know some of the concepts they use in everyday life. However, it is observed that the information levels are increasing about some focus issues. Data related teachers\u27 financial literacy, such as the functioning of the financial system, recognizing financial institutions, recognizing financial instruments, recognizing and making financial transactions are gathered. Summary tables have been created. In this study, teachers\u27 familiarity with financial concepts is explained
Consumption at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Current State of Research and Suggestions for Future Study
Get PDFThis article reviews the state of the literature on consumption at the bottom of the pyramid and summarizes the studies\u27 suggestions for future research. This study was conducted using data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases with the help of CiteSpace and CitNetExplorer 1.0.0. This research is justified due to: (a) absence of a broad systematization of the theme; (b) contribution and encouragement of new researchers to take part in studies on the subject; and (c) indication of a broad international literature that can encourage studies on consumption at the base of the pyramid
Antecedents and Consequences of Trust in Public Sector Websites and Social Media
Get PDFRapidly developing information and communication technologies have an influence on the whole world and have become an ordinary part of everyday life. Not only people, but businesses and governments are affected by these changes. In this respect, governments use several online media platforms as their own digital face and thus keep pace with the developing technology. Considering the lacks in previous researches, the aim of this paper is to investigate the critical factors influencing the citizens\u27 trust in public sector websites and social media and also the relationship among trust in the public sector, citizen satisfaction and trust in public sector websites and social media. By studying 607 citizens who are users of the website or social media service belonging to the municipalities in Turkey, we found that: (i) perceived quality, perceived usefulness, and facilitation conditions are the factors that affect the citizens\u27 trust in public sector websites and social media, (ii) trust in the public sector websites and social media affects trust in the public sector and, (iii) trust in the public sector affects citizen satisfaction
Emancipating Identity: The Differential Effect of Organizational Identification on Commitment and Performance
Get PDFResearch on organizational identity (OI) and organizational identification (OID) has long considered the two concepts as inseparable. There is also a rising concern among scholars that OID and organizational commitment (OC) might be misrepresented and used interchangeably. These together raise the question: can OI, OID, and OC substitute each other, or should firms make an effort to establish all three differentially in order to capitalize on their unique effects on performance outcomes? In this study, we aim to address these unanswered inquiries with regards to how OI, OID, and OC are interrelated yet distinct constructs that in turn play unique roles in increased performance outcomes. We argue that, OI, OID and OC are distinct constructs that have differential effects on performance outcomes. By first looking at the effect of OI and OID on OC, we aimed to understand the differential relationship of OI and OID with OC. Also, we aimed to examine the concurrent effects of all three constructs namely OI, OID, and OC on individual performance. Drawing on the social identity and social categorization theories, we develop and empirically test a conceptual model where we examine the effects of OI and OID on OC and the effect of OC on individual performance. Through examining the data collected by 345 employees in the education sector, we show that OI and OID have positive significant effects on OC. Further, the results of our hierarchical multiple regression analyses reveal that OI, OID, and OC have positive and significant effects on individual performance
The Brand Relationship of Cult-Like Following: Developing Scales of Measurement in Apple and Catholic Devotees
Get PDFThe purpose of this research aims to fill in the gap in the religion-brand relationship, and explores what constitutes a cult-like allegiance to a brand, by examining subjects’ relationship to the Apple brand, comparing survey response by subjects who were “devotees” versus “indifferents” to Catholicism and to Apple. This paper uses Ninian Smart’s (1989) “Seven Dimensions of Religion” as a theoretical framework to develop scales of measurement among Apple and Catholic devotees. The contribution of this research is the development of Catholic and Apple scales. The Catholic scale extracted three factors and the Apple scale generated four factors in CFA.