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Acceptance of psilocybin-assisted therapy in German-speaking countries
No full textHintergrund: Klinische Studien mit Psilocybin in Kombination mit Psychotherapie zeigen vielversprechende Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung verschiedener psychischer Störungen. In der Ärzte- und Psychotherapeutenschaft sowie unter Patient:innen bestehen auch Unwissen, Ablehnung und Vorurteile gegenüber dieser neuen Therapieform. Ziel dieser Studie war es, einen möglichst repräsentativen Eindruck vom Informationsstand und der Einstellung zur Implementation psilocybin-assistierter Therapie (PAT) unter Expert:innen für psychische Gesundheit sowie Patient:innen und der Allgemeinbevölkerung zu erheben. Methodik: Mittels einer Onlineumfrage wurden Informationen zu Einstellungen und Kenntnisstand von 1456 Teilnehmenden, darunter Ärzt:innen, Psychotherapeut:innen und Patient:innen, erfasst sowie Effekte der experimentellen Gabe von Informationen zu Potenzialen und Risiken getestet. Ergebnisse wurden mittels Varianzanalysen und Regressionsmodellen ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Regressionsanalysen zeigten, dass ein höherer Kenntnisscore und selbsteingeschätzter Kenntnisstand, eigene Behandlungserfahrung, aber auch eigene Erfahrung mit Psychedelika positivere Einstellungen bezüglich der Einführung von PAT vorhersagten ( F [8, 1447] = 154,646, p < 0,001, R 2 = 0,39). Die Vermittlung von Informationen über die Potenziale von PAT führte dann zu einer höheren Akzeptanz, wenn diese mit Informationen über deren Risiken kombiniert wurden. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Teilnehmende einer Einführung psilocybin-assistierter Therapie optimistisch gegenüberstehen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Wissen und Akzeptanz wurde bestätigt. Dass die Vermittlung ausgeglichener Informationen zu höherer Akzeptanz führt, sollte bei der Aufklärung und Berichterstattung über PAT berücksichtigt werden.Background: Clinical studies with psilocybin in combination with psychotherapy show promising results for the treatment of various mental disorders; however, there still exists a lack of knowledge, rejection and prejudice towards this new form of therapy among doctors, psychotherapists and patients. The aim of this study was to gain a representative impression, as far as possible, of the level of information and attitudes towards the implementation of psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) among mental health experts, patients and the general population. Methods: An online survey was used to collect information on the attitudes and knowledge of 1456 participants and to test the effect of a brief intervention. Results were determined using analyses of variance and regression models. Results: Regression analyses showed that a higher knowledge score and self-assessed level of knowledge, own treatment experience and also own experience with psychedelics predicted more positive attitudes towards the introduction of PAT, F (8, 1447) = 154.646, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.39. Providing information about the potential of PAT only led to higher acceptance when combined with information about its risks. Conclusion: The results indicate that participants are optimistic about the implementation of PAT. The relationship between knowledge and acceptance was confirmed. The fact that receiving balanced information leads to higher acceptance should be taken into account when educating and reporting on PAT.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (1034)Peer Reviewe
Divorce and Mental Health: Is Late Divorce Particularly Harmful for Women with Low Earnings?
No full textThis paper examines the relationship between divorce and mental health, with a focus on how this association is stratified by sex, age, and individual income. In particular, we test the hypothesis that divorce at advanced ages (50–59) is particularly harmful for women with insufficient personal earnings. Data is drawn from German register data, which includes marital histories of divorcees and diagnosed health outcomes. The analytical sample includes persons aged 30–59 in 2015 ( n = 23,426,639). The outcome is the annual incidence of mental disease diagnosis which is examined from an intersectional approach by drawing on MAIHDA (Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy). Our findings indicate that women are at a higher risk of receiving a mental health diagnosis than men. Divorce significantly amplifies this risk. Additionally, low income poses a heightened risk for both women and men, particularly when divorce occurs at advanced ages.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Hertie School gGmbH (3104)Peer Reviewe
Farming masculinities in transition? Revisiting the entanglements of agricultural production and masculinities in times of socio-ecological crisis through a systematic literature review
No full textAgriculture remains a male-dominated field—a “man’s world” in many respects—reflected in the ownership of resources, leadership positions, and cultural norms. In recent decades, diverse studies have begun to explore how constructions of masculinities shape agriculture across different contexts. At the same time, a growing body of research examines the role of masculinities in human–nature relationships and their contribution to the socio-ecological crisis. Given that agriculture is a sector under immense pressure precisely because of these socio-ecological challenges, it seems more pressing than ever to pay close attention to the constructions of masculinities within this sector and their entanglement with specific human–nature relationships. In this article, I trace shifting constructions of farming masculinities through a systematic literature review, guided by the following questions: What is the current state of knowledge regarding farming masculinities? Based on the results of this review, I discuss the following questions: What does this body of knowledge tell us about the underlying human–nature relationship? What are the challenges and potentials for transforming this relationship in agriculture? The analysis highlights diverse configurations of farming masculinities. Drawing on discussions of caring and hybrid masculinities, I argue that a key obstacle to transforming human–nature relations within agriculture lies in the enmeshment of these configurations with the gendered separation of production and reproduction. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that potential for change exists at the margins.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (1034)Peer Reviewe
Sustainable and Resilient Agrifood Systems (SARAS). A Leibniz Position
No full textCurrent agrifood systems fail to provide healthy, affordable food for all while also damaging the environment, contributing to climate change, reducing biodiversity, and increasing inequality. Given these compounding crises, it is crucial to transition towards sustainable and resilient agrifood systems (SARAS). This paper synthesizes perspectives from multiple disciplines on SARAS, incorporating consensus statements, current research positions, and actionable measures comprising ecological, economic, social, and political dimensions. Achieving a balance between global and local solutions is paramount to address the complexities inherent in agrifood systems. Moving forward, diversifying consumption patterns, production systems, and value chains depending on local conditions can support the realization of SARAS. Adopting a holistic system approach that covers both global and local dimensions of agrifood systems minimizes trade‐offs, leverages synergies, integrates international agreements, and mitigates unintended impacts on other countries and vulnerable groups. Nevertheless, several unsolved issues persist, including matters of scaling, applicability of effective policy instruments, and securing funding for this transformation.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659Strategy Fund of the Leibniz AssociationWellcome Trust 10.13039/100010269German Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchGerman Research Foundation under Germany’s Excellence StrategyBundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft 10.13039/501100005908Peer Reviewe
United in success, fragmented in failure: The moderating effect of perceived government performance on affective polarization between coalition partners
No full textCoalition governments are said to make voters of coalition parties feel more warmly towards supporters of their coalition partners and, hence, reduce affective polarization. However, even countries frequently governed by coalitions commonly experience high levels of affective polarization. We argue that for coalitions to reduce affective polarization, they must be perceived as successful . In coalitions that are perceived as unsuccessful, voters will not develop an overarching coalition identity. Such coalitions fail to change whom voters consider as their in‐group, therefore not mitigating affective polarization. We test this argument using the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems data. We find that the positive effects of coalition membership reported in previous work are exclusively driven by voters who are satisfied with the coalition's performance. Coalitions have no depolarizing effect among voters dissatisfied with their governing performance. These results question whether democratic institutions themselves can mitigate affective polarization and instead demonstrate the responsibility of elites to make inter‐party cooperation work.Einstein Stiftung BerlinResearch Foundation – Flanders (FWO) & Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.–FNRS)Peer Reviewe
Objektbasierte Lehre in der Forschungsstelle Historische Bildmedien an der Universität Würzburg
No full textA comparison of approaches for processing the time dimension in automatic cover song identification
No full textVollständiger Code zur Masterthesis "A comparison of approaches for processing the time dimension in automatic cover song identification".Complete source code for the master's thesis "A comparison of approaches for processing the time dimension in automatic cover song identification"
First Order Mean-Field Games and Mean-Field Optimal Control with State and Control Constraints
No full textMultispieler:innensysteme haben vielfältige Anwendungsgebiete, wie zum Beispiel die Partikelbewegungen in der Physik oder das Verhalten von Tierschwärmen. Wir haben gezeigt, dass für ein Differentialspiel mit Mean-Field-Interaktion, zweiseitigen Kontrollschranken und einer Positivitätsbedingung an den Zustand ein verallgemeinertes Nash-Gleichgewicht existiert, sofern die Schranken stets einen strikt zulässigen Punkt erlauben. Außerdem haben wir Optimalitätsbedingungen bewiesen. Anschließend haben wir formal ein restringiertes Mean-Field Game (MFG) hergeleitet, indem wir die Anzahl der Spieler:innen gegen unendlich laufen lassen. Um das gesamte restringierte MFG zu approximieren, haben wir einen fixpunktartigen Algorithmus zur Lösung der Transportgleichung mit einem Augmented-Lagrangian-Verfahren zur Berechnung des repräsentativen Agent:innenspiels gekoppelt. Im letzten Kapitel haben wir das Konzept von Kontroll- und Zustandsschranken auf Multispieler:innensysteme mit zentralisierter Kontrolle übertragen.Multiplayer systems have a wide range of applications, such as particle motion in physics or the behavior of animal swarms. We have shown that for a differential game with mean-field interaction, box control constraints, and a positivity constraint on the state, a generalized Nash equilibrium exists if the bounds always allow a strictly admissible point. Moreover, we have derived optimality conditions. We then formally derived a constrained Mean-Field Game (MFG) by letting the number of players approach infinity. In order to approximate the constrained MFG, we coupled a fixed-point algorithm for solving the transport equation with an augmented Lagrangian method for calculating the representative agent game. Finally, we transferred the concept of control and state constraints to multiplayer systems with centralized control
Integration of high-resolution data for a complementary assessment of forest dynamics in Europe
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.This study addresses the need for a cohesive pan-European forest monitoring system by developing a methodological framework to generate and provide spatially explicit and complementary indicators of forest dynamics. Utilizing Copernicus High-Resolution Layer Tree Cover Density data, we operationalize two key indicators—forest extent and condition—essential for robust forest monitoring across Europe. Our multi-step data processing methodology enhances data interoperability and usability, mitigating biases. By integrating both, changes in forest area and canopy density between 2012 and 2018, our approach provides nuanced insights into forest dynamics. These indicators offer robust monitoring supporting the assessment of forest resilience amidst climate change impacts and other stressors. This paper contributes a ready-to-use dataset on European forest dynamics, leveraging advanced technologies and big data availability to support sustainable forest management and the evaluation of Agenda 2030 goals.
• Development of spatially explicit indicators for forest extent and condition.
• Integration of Copernicus HRL TCD data using a standardized processing framework.
• Application of multi-step data processing to ensure data quality and reliability.Peer Reviewe
Least-squares collocation for DAEs and its application in optimal control
No full textDiese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit nichtlinearen differential-algebraischen Gleichungen (DAEs) mit nichtlinearem Ableitungsterm. Wir erweitern zwei wichtige Aspekte der Theorie und Anwendung von DAEs mit linearen Ableitungstermen auf DAEs mit nichtlinearen Ableitungstermen. Der erste Aspekt betrifft den Kleinste-Quadrate-Kollokationsansatz, der zur Lösung von DAE-Randwertproblemen (DAE-BVPs) verwendet wird. Es ist bekannt, dass diese Methode für DAEs mit höherem Index und einem linearen Ableitungsterm konvergiert. Wir erweitern diesen Ansatz auf DAE-BVPs mit nichtlinearen Ableitungstermen, indem wir das DAE-BVP in ein vergrößertes System umformulieren. Wir zeigen, dass diese Umformulierung die erforderlichen Eigenschaften des ursprünglichen Problems beibehält und beweisen Konvergenz mittels des ursprünglichen Resultats. Der zweite Aspekt behandelt Optimalsteuerungsprobleme mit DAE-Einschränkungen. Denselben Ansatz einer Umformulierung in das vergrößerte System nutzend, erweitern wir ein bestehendes adjungiertenbasiertes notwendiges Optimalitätskriterium, das für DAEs mit linearen Ableitungstermen entwickelt wurde, um auch DAEs mit nichtlinearen Ableitungstermen als DAE-Einschränkung behandeln zu können. Um das zu erreichen, ist ein signifikanter Anteil der Dissertation auf die Zusammenstellung der notwendigen theoretischen Grundlagen für lineare und nichtlineare DAEs und DAE-BVPs, ihrer Eigenschaften und Lösungen, verwendet. Eine DAE-basierte Gasnetzwerkformulierung wird eingeführt, um als praxisnahe Testinstanz zu dienen. Die Ergebnisse werden durch eine Diskussion wichtiger Aspekte unserer Referenzimplementierung der Kleinste-Quadrate-Kollokationsmethode und numerischer Experimente ergänzt, welche sowohl Simulations- als auch Optimierungsprobleme an akademischen und praktischen Daten zeigen. Insbesondere wird die DAE-basierte Gasnetzwerkformulierung als Simulations- und Optimierungsbeispiel verwendet, um die Relevanz der Ergebnisse zu demonstrieren.This dissertation focuses on nonlinear DAEs with nonlinear derivative term. We extend two key aspects of the theory and application of DAEs with linear derivative terms to DAEs with nonlinear derivative terms. The first aspect deals with the least-squares collocation approach used to solve DAE-boundary value problems (DAE-BVPs). It is known that this method converges for higher-index DAEs with a linear derivative term. We extend this approach to DAE-BVPs with nonlinear derivative terms, by means of a reformulation of the DAE-BVP into an enlarged system. We show that this reformulation maintains the required characteristics of the original problem, and show convergence using the original result. The second aspect treats optimal control problems with DAE constraints. Using the same approach of reformulating into the enlarged system, we extend an existing adjoint-based necessary optimality criterion, originally developed for DAEs with linear derivative terms, to handle constraints governed by DAEs with nonlinear derivative terms. To achieve this, a substantial portion of this dissertation is devoted to compiling the necessary theoretical foundation for linear and nonlinear DAEs and DAE-BVPs, their properties and solutions. A DAE-based gas network formulation is introduced as a real-world test instance. The results are complemented by a discussion of important aspects of our reference implementation of the least-squares collocation method, and numerical experiments showcasing both simulation and optimization problems on academic and practical examples. In particular, the described DAE-based gas network formulation is used as a simulation and optimization instance, to demonstrate the relevance of the results