31325 research outputs found
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The effects of happiness and hope on executive functions
No full textThe notion that positive emotions always yield positive outcomes is compelling, yet prior meta-analytic findings (19 effect sizes) suggest no impact on executive functions. Limitations have been noted regarding the induction of specific positive emotions and assessment quality, especially for cognitive flexibility and working memory. To expand on this, the current studies induced happiness and hope in college students to examine effects on inhibition, cognitive flexibility (study 1, N = 27), and working memory (study 2, N = 30). Results confirmed successful emotion induction and revealed that cognitive flexibility was significantly higher in the happiness condition than in a neutral condition ( p = 0.014, d = 0.427). Findings suggest challenges in experimentally differentiating discrete positive emotions and indicate that not all executive functions are equally affected. Overall, these results lend support to Isen’s facilitator theory but should be interpreted with caution.Peer Reviewe
Prevalence of Menstrual Dysfunction and Hormonal Contraceptive Use Among Elite Female Athletes from Different Sports in Germany
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Background: While a regular menstrual cycle is an indicator of good health, menstrual dysfunction (MD) and wrong beliefs regarding hormonal contraceptives (HC) are quite common among elite female athletes and threaten their health. This study aimed to (1) identify the prevalence of current and lifetime MD in various sports disciplines, (2) investigate variables that are associated with the prevalence of MD, (3) study the current practice of HC use among elite German female athletes.
Methods: 584 German elite female athletes (mean 20.7 ± 4.9 years) from 64 different sports completed an online questionnaire to assess gynecological health characteristics, history of MD, and the use of HC.
Results: Sixty-nine percent of athletes not using HC reported a regular menstrual cycle, while oligomenorrhea was currently reported in 13%, secondary amenorrhea in 8%, primary amenorrhea in 2% and polymenorrhea in 8%. The current prevalence of primary amenorrhea differed between sports disciplines (p = 0.002), while oligomenorrhea (p = 0.828) and secondary amenorrhea (p = 0.848) did not. The lifetime prevalence of primary amenorrhea (10%) and oligomenorrhea (74%) differed significantly between sports disciplines (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001), while secondary amenorrhea (40%) did not (p = 0.298). The current and lifetime prevalence of primary amenorrhea was higher in aesthetic sports disciplines, while the lifetime prevalence of oligomenorrhea was higher in endurance disciplines. Factors associated with lower prevalences of MD were menstrual cycle tracking (p < 0.001), higher gynecological age (p < 0.001), regular gynecological health screenings (p = 0.008), and a diagnosed eating disorder (p = 0.037). Twenty-nine percent of these elite athletes used HC, of whom 15% claimed to use HC as a treatment for MD.
Conclusion: Elite female athletes from a variety of sports disciplines, not just from endurance and aesthetic sports, are at high risk of developing MD. Given the high percentage of athletes using HC to treat MD, educating athletes, coaches, others from the support team and parents about the risk and prevention of MD and the effects of HC in the context of elite sports may improve gynecological health among elite athletes.Peer Reviewe
Navigating cross-scalar challenges in adapting to climate change: insights from water planning in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area
No full textUrban regions globally face increasing challenges in maintaining robust, reliable, and sustainable water systems in light of growing climatic and institutional uncertainties. Drought-induced supply reductions are increasingly concerning, particularly in arid regions such as the southwestern United States. This study critically examines adaptive water planning in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (PMA) municipalities, focusing on the susceptibility of Colorado River water supplies. Drawing on a literature review and in-depth interviews with water planners, we identify and analyze key adaptation strategies, focusing on their perceived relevance, implementation dynamics, and socio-political constraints. Demand reduction, water reuse and recycling, and the recovery of stored water credits emerge as central, albeit unevenly pursued, strategies, each playing out across different spatial and temporal scales. However, our findings highlight that local adaptation planning in the PMA is shaped and constrained by persisting growth paradigms, institutional fragmentation, and complex basin-wide hydroclimatic and political uncertainties surrounding climate change impacts, overuse, and the 2026 renegotiation of Colorado River operations. While PMA municipalities benefit from diversified water portfolios, we argue that more anticipatory and transformative planning approaches and adaptation strategies are necessary to navigate and adapt to increasingly compound and cross-scalar water risks.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (1034)Peer Reviewe
Dritte Änderung der fachspezifischen Studien- und Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang Bildung an Grundschulen (AMB Nr. 46/2023)
No full textOn Pentafluoroorthotellurates and Related Compounds
No full textThis Review surveys the properties and applications of the pentafluoroorthotellurate (“teflate”, OTeF5) ligand and highlights the syntheses of the known teflate-based compounds across the periodic table. Due to the accessibility to several useful teflate transfer reagents and its unique properties, including strong electron-withdrawing character, considerable steric bulk, and stability against oxidation, a variety of intriguing p-block and d-block species have been reported. These encompass highly reactive Lewis acids, versatile weakly coordinating anions, neutral and cationic noble gas compounds, and a wide number of transition metal complexes. The lower analogues of the pentafluoroorthochalcogenate group, OSeF5 and OSF5, are described as well, although fewer examples are known. Recent progress in the derivatization of the OTeF5 group to cis- and trans-PhTeF4O or trans-(C6F5)2TeF3O moieties is also discussed, opening pathways to exciting new research directions.H2020 European Research Council 10.13039/100010663Fonds der Chemischen Industrie 10.13039/100018992Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659Freie Universit?t Berlin 10.13039/501100007537Peer Reviewe
Comparative studies on the identification and assessment of basal stem necrosis in ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) against the backdrop of the European ash dieback
No full textBasal stem necrosis is the main cause of ash dieback and uprooting, making early detection crucial. This study examines ash dieback in Germany using data collected by the FraxForFuture research network from 14 intensive monitoring plots. Over three years, the crown and trunk condition of 1572 ash trees was assessed using a nationally standardised ash dieback assessment key. In the Brandenburg plot, we applied and compared three different approaches to assess stem collar necrosis. Based on the assessment key, we selected 28 ash trees for resistograph measurements to cover a wide range of symptom severity. From this subset, 19 tress were further selected for biochemical analysis. Resistography measures wood resistance with a fine needle to detect internal decay, density variations and structural defects in trees. Biochemical analyses included the amino acid spectrum, contents of soluble carbohydrate, starch and various phenolic groups of the wood in the stem base. Our results show significant variation in the incidence and progression of basal stem necrosis across Germany. Comparison of the results achieved using the assessment key and the resistography shows that approximately one-third of all severe necroses are not detected by visual or acoustic scoring alone. Biochemical analysis highlights necrosis-related changes, particularly in soluble carbohydrate and total phenolic content, with soluble amino acids also implicated. Previously, ash condition was mainly assessed by crown health, which underestimated stem base necrosis as a mortality factor. Our analyses show that necrosis can remain undetected for a long time despite thorough careful scoring. As ash dieback progresses, thorough assessment of the stem base is essential to prevent damage and economic loss.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Waldklimafondshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010297Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (1034)Peer Reviewe
A global database of soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids and enzyme activities
No full textSoil microbes drive ecosystem function and play a critical role in how ecosystems respond to global change. Research surrounding soil microbial communities has rapidly increased in recent decades, and substantial data relating to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and potential enzyme activity have been collected and analysed. However, studies have mostly been restricted to local and regional scales, and their accuracy and usefulness are limited by the extent of accessible data. Here we aim to improve data availability by collating a global database of soil PLFA and potential enzyme activity measurements from 12,258 georeferenced samples located across all continents, 5.1% of which have not previously been published. The database contains data relating to 113 PLFAs and 26 enzyme activities, and includes metadata such as sampling date, sample depth, and soil pH, total carbon, and total nitrogen. This database will help researchers in conducting both global- and local-scale studies to better understand soil microbial biomass and function.DOB Ecology (EC-2021-GEM003) Bernina Initiative (2022‐FS‐318)DOB Ecology (EC-2021-GEM003) Marc R. Benioff Revocable Trust in collaboration with the World Economic Forum Bernina Initiative (2022‐FS‐318)Illinois Nutrient Research and Education Council (2021-4-360731-469) USDA NIFA (2021-67019-35068) US NSF (2125626)National Science Foundation (NSF)https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023661)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES)– Finance Code 001 – process 88881.172163/2018-01Qatar Petroleum (QP)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004251Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation | Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003593Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002428Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001823RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000270Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina | Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (National Agency for Science and Technology, Argentina)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003074Helmholtz Recruiting Initiative award (I-044-16-0) Baillet Latour Antarctica Fellowship (2016-2018)Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001711NOVA | Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT/UNL)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005856Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659European Research Council (ERC)(677232)Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (AAPR2020A-2019–8472310)Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002341Ministry of Education and Science | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Spanish State Agency for Research (AEI) (RYC-2016-21231)Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (Centre of Excellence AgroCropFuture) and the Estonian Research Council (PRG1065, PRG1789, PSG784)Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001665National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (2019QZKK0302)DFG Priority Program 1374 ‘Infrastructure-Biodiversity-Exploratories’ (KA 1590/8-2, KA 1590/8-3)Czech Science Foundation (21-20802M)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project (2020020s1003JC)KAUST | Global Collaborative Research, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (GCR, KAUST)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003422Generalitat Valenciana (Regional Government of Valencia)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003359European Research Council (647038)Eesti Teadusagentuur (Estonian Research Council)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002301University of Kassel and Valli Sustainability Research and EducationNational Eye Research Centre (NERC)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000305Ministry of Education and Research | Estonian Research Competency Council (Research Competency Council)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005189Academy of Finland (315415)COST Action FP1305 BioLink and from the program “Sustainability and resilience – Tackling climate and environmental changes” (Vetenskapsrådet 2016-06327) jointly supported by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Research Council Formas, and SidaEuropean Research Council Starting Grant (FP/2007-2013/ERC 307888)German Research Foundation through the RTG 2300 (316045089)NWO foundation Vidi grant (016.161.318)Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People and the Planet (CFE) (UIDB/04004/2020), funded by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC)JSPS KAENHI (15658101 and 15380181)China Postdoctoral Science Foundationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100002858US National Science Foundation (2244711)Helmholtz Recruiting Initiative award (I-044-16-0) and a Baillet Latour Antarctica Fellowship (2016-2018)Peer Reviewe
A Systematic Review of Cooperation in Multi‐User Virtual Reality Learning Environments
No full textBackground: The role of virtual reality (VR) in education is increasing, which raises questions about VR learning in multi‐user settings. While collaborative VR learning, characterised by shared goals and low division of labour, is well‐researched, cooperative VR learning, which emphasises role differentiation and task interdependence, remains underexplored. This oversight is significant, as cooperation holds unique potential for education and inclusion by accommodating diverse learner abilities and perspectives. Objectives: This paper explores diverse multi‐user learning approaches in VR Learning Applications (VRLAs), emphasising cooperation over collaboration. It provides an overview of multi‐user VRLAs, their user engagement types, target groups, subjects, availability, and educational theory integration. Distinguishing between cooperative, collaborative, and social engagement, it also identifies asymmetric cooperation in multi‐user experiences. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA framework, identifying VRLAs in educational settings which feature multi‐user interactions. The review included 89 studies published since 2013, categorising VRLAs by interaction mode, symmetry, presence of a VR instructor, availability, and presence of didactic justification. Results and Conclusions: Collaborative VR remains the dominant mode (44%), but cooperative VRLAs (37%) see growing adoption. Collaborative designs often rely on constructivist educational theory, while cooperative designs tend to leverage role specialisation to mirror real‐world practices, particularly in vocational training and task‐specific scenarios. However, 84% of VRLAs are inaccessible, limiting their broader application. Many studies lack robust didactic justifications, underscoring the need for clearer frameworks.Summary: What is currently known about this topic? Virtual reality (VR) creates immersive, interactive 3D learning environments. VR enhances student engagement and supports novel educational experiences. Collaborative VR focuses on shared tasks, equal roles, and teamwork benefits. Few studies explore cooperative VR, which emphasises role and task differentiation. What does this paper add? Reviews current multi-user VR applications, categorising interaction types. Identifies target groups, subjects taught, and gaps in accessibility of tools. Assesses justifications for collaborative or cooperative interaction design. Compiles didactic justifications for the most common types of multi-user interaction. Implications for practice and policy: Develop design guidelines for cooperative VR to support diverse learners. Promote open-source VR applications to improve accessibility. Emphasise role differentiation and task interdependence in VR design. Focus on inclusivity to maximise VR's potential for education.Peer Reviewe
Über den kuratorischen Umgang mit nationalsozialistischen Propagandafotografien in Gedenkstätten
No full textPeer Reviewe
Herausforderungen von Long-COVID- und Post-Vac-Betroffenen bei der Krankheitsverarbeitung im vergeschlechtlichten Lebenszusammenhang: Exemplarische Analyse einer virtuellen Selbsthilfegemeinschaft
No full textThe publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Mit welchen Herausforderungen sind Long-Covid- und Post-Vac-Betroffene konfrontiert? Ausgehend von einer geschlechter- und prekarisierungstheoretischen Perspektive untersucht Nadja Kufner anhand virtueller Selbsthilfe den gesamten Lebenszusammenhang der überwiegend weiblichen Erkrankten. Sichtbar werden vielfältige Lücken in der medizinischen Versorgung, in der sozialen Absicherung und gesellschaftlichen Anerkennung von Long-Covid- und Post-Vac-Betroffenen. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf systematische (post-)pandemische Versäumnisse und bieten Ansätze für Forschung und Politik