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Jazykovaja adaptacija ingermanlandcev v Finljandii: razmyshlenija ob odnoj sem'e
No full textИнгерманландцы, или ингерманландские финны, пред-ставляют собой этническую группу финнов из мест-ности вокруг Санкт-Петербурга. Иммигрировав в Финляндию, современные ингерманландцы сохраняют свою идентичность, а также интегрируются в иное культурное окружение. Рассматриваются их много-язычие и лингвистическое самоопределение, транс-лингвальные практики на разных этапах жизни, раз-личные уровни владения языками.Ingrian Finns, or Ingrians, are an ethnic group of Finns from the area around St. Petersburg. Upon immigrating to Finland, modern Ingrians preserve their identity while inte-grating into a different cultural environment. The study ex-amines their multilingualism, linguistic self-identification, translanguaging practices at different life stages, and vari-ous levels of language proficiency
QCD+QED simulations with C* boundary conditions
Get PDFEs gibt im Allgemeinen zwei Paradigmen für Entdeckungen in der Teilchenphysik:
direkte und indirekte Suchen. Direkte Suchen zielen darauf ab, klare Signale für vermutete Phänomene zu finden, während indirekte Suchen nach Abweichungen zwischen theoretischen Vorhersagen und experimentellen Messungen suchen. Nach dem Nachweis des Higgs-Bosons, wodurch das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik vervollständigt wurde, haben sich indirekte Suchen als besonders relevant erwiesen, da direkte Nachweise von Physik jenseits des Standardmodells bei aktuellen Energiebereichen unwahrscheinlich sind. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, die Präzision der theoretischen Vorhersagen zu erhöhen, um mögliche Diskrepanzen zu erkennen. Hierbei spielen Gitter-QCD Simulationen für die Berechnung nichtperturbativer hadronischer Observablen eine zentrale Rolle. Für Vorhersagen mit subprozentualer Genauigkeit sind Korrekturen durch Strahlungseffekte und Isospin-Brechung zunehmend wichtig, was durch die Simulation von QCD+QED erreicht wird. Die Einbeziehung von QED stellt neue technische Herausforderungen dar. Diese Arbeit fokussiert sich auf einen Ansatz, der QED-Probleme in endlichen Volumina löst und dabei Eichinvarianz, Lokalität und Translationssymmetrie wahrt, bekannt als QED mit C-Paritäts-Randbedingungen (QED). Es werden erste umfangreiche QCD+QED-Simulationen analysiert, darunter acht Eichfeld-Ensembles mit unterschiedlichen Werten der renormierten elektrischen Kopplung, jedoch gleicher Pionenmasse und Gitterabstand. Außerdem wird auf die Einstellung (tuning) der Eingabeparameter für Gittersimulationen eingegangen, um reale physikalische Verhältnisse zu reproduzieren, sowie eine optimierte Strategie mittels Neugewichtung (reweighting) der nackten Quarkmassen im Kontext des RHMC-Algorithmus vorgestellt und evaluiert.Particle physics research employs two primary approaches for discoveries: direct and indirect searches. Direct searches aim to directly observe phenomena, while indirect searches seek discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results. With the discovery of the Higgs boson, the standard model of particle physics was completed, shifting the focus towards indirect searches due to the lack of compelling evidence for new physics at current energy scales. These searches necessitate highly precise theoretical predictions, particularly for non-perturbative hadronic observables, which are calculated using lattice QCD simulations. The need for sub-percent precision has highlighted the importance of accounting for radiative and isospin-breaking corrections, leading to the simulation of fully dynamical QCD+QED.
This thesis addresses the challenges of incorporating QED into lattice QCD, focusing on an approach that maintains gauge invariance, locality, and translational invariance using QED with C-parity boundary conditions (QED). It presents a comprehensive technical analysis of the first large-scale QCD+QED simulations, detailing eight fully dynamical gauge field ensembles with various renormalized electric coupling values (), consistent pion mass ( MeV), and lattice spacing ( fm). The thesis examines the stability of the simulation algorithm, finite volume effects, and the behavior of different hadron masses.
Furthermore, it elaborates on the tuning of input parameters for lattice simulations to replicate real-world physics accurately, focusing on the hadronic renormalization scheme used to fix bare quark masses. It introduces an optimized strategy for tuning QCD+QED parameters via mass reweighting, adapted for simulations using the RHMC algorithm, highlighting its development, implementation, and testing
Quantitative Agricultural Policy Impact Analysis at Enhanced Farm & Regional Resolution
Get PDFIn dieser Habilitationsschrift werden elf ausgewählte Zeitschriftenartikel vorgestellt. Alle Artikel zielen darauf ab, die Heterogenität der Betriebe des Agrarsektors durch eine bessere Auflösung der Angebotsmodelle zu berücksichtigen. Der erste Abschnitt konzentriert sich auf die Anwendungen mit dem partiellen Gleichgewichtsmodell CAPRI. Der Abschnitt deckt ein breites Spektrum politischer Fragen ab, zum Beispiel, Kopplung bzw. Konvergenz der Direktzahlungen, Ökologisierung, Verringerung der Treibhausgasemissionen und Kohlenstoffsequestrierung. Ich zeige, dass betriebsbezogene Angebotsmodelle eine detailliertere Analyse politischer Auswirkungen ermöglichen. Zudem erlauben diese Angebotsmodelle eine Verknüpfung mit Modellen höherer räumlicher Auflösung. Der zweite Abschnitt befasst sich mit methodischen Fragen zur Schätzung struktureller Veränderungen auf der Ebene der Betriebstypen in einem EU-weiten Ansatz. Der entwickelte Ansatz hilft, Faktoren, die den landwirtschaftlichen Strukturwandel beeinflussen, besser zu bestimmen und bietet die Möglichkeit einer umfassenden Analyse des landwirtschaftlichen Strukturwandels in der EU. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Ergebnisse zum Strukturwandel auch in der Modellierung berücksichtigt werden können. Dafür wurden Methoden entwickelt, die die Wahrung der Konsistenz der regionalen Ebene und die Berücksichtigung von betriebstypspezifischen Bilanzen, Indikatoren und Veränderungen in der Zahl der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe gewähren. Der letzte Abschnitt befasst sich mit Methoden zur Rückschätzung von zensierten Daten. Ich untersuche verschiedene Datenaggregationsansätze, wie zum Beispiel, ein lokales gewichtetes Durchschnittsverfahren und ein bayesianisches Schätzverfahren, um Parameter für die zensierten Daten zu ermitteln, die der Realität so weit wie möglich entsprechen.In this habilitation thesis, eleven selected journal articles were presented. All articles aimed to improve the resolution and thus reduce aggregation error to better account for farm heterogeneity in the agricultural sector models. The first section focused on model application with the partial equilibrium model CAPRI at the farm-type level. It covered many policy issues, such as coupling, convergence, greening, GHG mitigation, and carbon sequestration. I demonstrate that the farm-type supply models enable a detailed analysis of various policy impacts. It was demonstrated that the EU's supply models could improve model linkage with higher spatial resolution models, thus further closing the gap with spatial land-use models. The second section addressed significant methodological queries about estimating structural changes at the farm-type level in an EU-wide approach. A regional approach helps to identify better factors affecting agricultural structural change. The approach offers the opportunity for a comprehensive and previously unachievable analysis of agricultural structural change in the EU. Integrating the development into the CAPRI farm-type model poses challenges with the top-down approach. It requires maintaining consistency with the regional NUTS2 level and considering farm-type-specific balances, indicators, and changes in the number of farms from the structural change estimation. The last section addressed methods for back-estimating censored data. I explored different data aggregation approaches, such as a local weighted average method and a Bayesian estimation procedure, to establish parameters for the censored data that match reality as closely as possible
Adding a Piece to the Puzzle? The Allocation of Figurative Language Comprehension into the CHC Model of Cognitive Abilities
Get PDFThe study aimed to investigate the allocation of figurative language comprehension (FLC) within the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) model of cognitive abilities, using three newly developed tests: the Reverse Paraphrase Test (RPT), the Literal Paraphrase Test (LPT), and the Proverb Test (PT). The analysis of a sample of 909 participants revealed that the RPT and LPT measured a unidimensional construct of FLC, while the PT was excluded due to insufficient fit. Combining RPT and LPT items, various models were evaluated, with a bifactor S-1 model showing the best fit, indicating the influence of a general factor (representing FLC) and test-specific method factors. The study explored FLC allocation within the CHC model, supporting its consideration as a distinct factor under the g factor. Examining the nomological network, significant correlations emerged between the Intellectual Curiosity and Aesthetic Sensitivity facets of Openness and FLC, which were comparable in size to the relation with general ability. In conclusion, the study enhances the understanding of FLC within the CHC model, advocating its recognition as a distinct factor. Correlations with Openness facets suggest valuable insights into the interplay between cognitive abilities and personality, necessitating further research for a deeper exploration of this relation.Land Berlin, Senatskanzlei—Wissenschaft und ForschungPeer Reviewe
SF stories from the Floating University, Berlin
Get PDFThe following article makes a claim for a way of thinking that considers the entangled web of living and non-living facing the challenges of the anthropocene. More specifically, it considers urban soil life as a matter of care and a matter of of representation. Inspired by the work of e.g. Haraway and Puig de la Bellacasa, and taking an interdisciplinary approach between physical and human geography, as well as gender studies, this article aims to point out the (im)possibility of gaps in the (re)production of scientific knowledge. It does so by focusing on science fiction stories, thus opening up a space for thinking care politically by imagining (im)possible futures set in the area of the Floating University, in Berlin.Peer Reviewe
Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with motor deficits after brain tumor resection: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial
Get PDFObjective: Surgical resection of motor eloquent tumors poses the risk of causing postoperative motor deficits which leads to reduced quality of life in these patients. Currently, rehabilitative procedures are limited with physical therapy being the main treatment option. This study investigated the efficacy of repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of motor deficits after supratentorial tumor resection.
Methods: This randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial (DRKS00010043) recruited patients with a postoperatively worsened upper extremity motor function immediately postoperatively. They were randomly assigned to receive rTMS (1Hz, 110% RMT, 15 minutes, 7 days) or sham stimulation to the motor cortex contralateral to the injury followed by physical therapy. Motor and neurological function as well as quality of life were assessed directly after the intervention, one month and three months postoperatively.
Results: Thirty patients were recruited for this study. There was no significant difference between both groups in the primary outcome, the Fugl Meyer score three months postoperatively [Group difference (95%-CI): 5.05 (-16.0; 26.1); p=0.631]. Patients in the rTMS group presented with better hand motor function one month postoperatively. Additionally, a subgroup of patients with motor eloquent ischemia showed lower NIHSS scores at all timepoints.
Conclusions: Low-frequency rTMS facilitated the recovery process in stimulated hand muscles, but with limited generalization to other functional deficits. Long-term motor deficits were not impacted by rTMS. Given the reduced life expectancy in these patients a shortened recovery duration of deficits can still be of high significance.
Clinical Trial Registration: https://drks.de/DRKS00010043.Peer Reviewe
Scanning X-ray Diffraction Microscopy Reveals the Nanoscale Strain Landscape of Novel Quantum Devices
No full textThis thesis provides also a detailed stepwise guideline on the data analysis for scanning X-ray diffraction experiments at a modern synchrotron radiation source.Halbleiterbasierte Spin-Qubits in elektrostatischen Quantenpunkten haben vor Kurzem
ein technologisches Niveau erreicht, welches lange Kohärenzzeiten und hohe Fidelitäten
ermöglicht. Diese Eigenschaften sind wichtig, um eine große Anzahl von Qubits zu
realisieren, welche durch adiabatische Ladungstransporte miteiander verbunden werden
sollen. Allerdings können lokale Fluktuationen der Gitterverspannung im aktiven
Material die Spinzustände stören, da sie das elektrostatische Potential beeinflussen.
Diese Arbeit untersucht die Gitterverspannung in funktionalen Loch-Spin-Qubits
und in Bauelementen für kohärenten Elektronentransport, welche auf epitaktischen
Ge/Si0.20Ge0.80 und Si/Si0.66Ge0.34 Heterostrukturen mit metallischen Elektroden basieren.
Die experimentelle Herausforderung besteht darin, zugleich eine hohe Sensitivität für
die Gitterdeformation und eine räumliche Auflösung auf der Nanometerskala zu erreichen.
Dies wird durch rasternde Röntgenbeugungsmikroskopie an der Strahllinie ID01/ESRF
ermöglicht, welche eine Abbildung des Verspannungstensors mit einer lateralen Auflösung
von ≤ 50 nm in bis zu 10 nm-dünnen epitaktischen Quantentöpfen ermöglicht.
Die Untersuchung von vier verschiedenen Quantenbauteilen zeigt Modulationen der
Gitterverspannung von 10−4 − 10−3 auf, welche durch die Elektroden und die plastische
Entspannung der Heterostruktur verursacht sind. Diese Modulationen werden in
räumliche Fluktuationen der Bandkantenniveaus von einer Größenordnung von mehreren
meV übersetzt, die damit ähnlich zu den Abständen der orbitalen Energieniveaus
der Quantenpunkte sind. Folglich stellt diese Arbeit wichtige Informationen für die
Realisierung eines skalierbaren Quantenprozessors durch eine Berücksichtigung der
lokalen Materialeigenschaften bereitSemiconductor spin qubits featuring gate-defined electrostatic quantum dots have
recently reached a maturity level enabling long spin coherence times and high fidelity.
These characteristics are of paramount importance in the realization of large arrays of
qubits interconnected by adiabatic charge shuttling. However, spin coherence can be
strongly affected by local fluctuations of the lattice strain in the active material, since
they impact the electrostatic potential.
This work explores strain fluctuations in functional hole spin qubits and coherent
electron shuttling devices based on epitaxial Ge/Si0.20Ge0.80 and Si/Si0.66Ge0.34
heterostructures with metallic electrodes. The main experimental challenge is to
simultaneously achieve high sensitivity to the lattice deformation together with nanoscale
spatial resolution. These requirements are met by Scanning X-ray Diffraction Microscopy
at the synchotron beamline ID01/ESRF, which allows spatial mapping with ≤ 50 nm
lateral resolution of the strain tensor in quantum well layers as thin as 10 nm.
The analysis of four different devices highlights local modulations of the strain tensor
components in the range of 10−4 − 10−3 induced by the gate electrodes and the plastic
relaxation of the heterostructure. By means of band perturbation calculations, these
strain fluctuations are translated into spatial modulations of the band edge energy levels.
These perturbations are found to be of a few meV and thus on a similar magnitude as the
orbital energy of the quantum dots. As such, this work provides important information
for the realization of a scalable quantum processor with coherent interconnects by
considering local material properties
Sarhan Dhouib (ed.), Philosophieren in der Diktatur: Eine aktuelle Debatte in der arabischsprachigen Philosophie [Philosophizing in the Dictatorship: A Current Debate in Arabic-Speaking Philosophy]
Get PDFThis publication is with permission of the rights owner (Sage) freely accessible.Peer Reviewe
An Overview of Different Vitamin D Compounds in the Setting of Adiposity
Get PDFA large body of research shows an association between higher body weight and low vitamin D status, as assessed using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Vitamin D can be metabolised in adipose tissue and has been reported to influence gene expression and modulate inflammation and adipose tissue metabolism in vitro. However, the exact metabolism of vitamin D in adipose tissue is currently unknown. White adipose tissue expresses the vitamin D receptor and hydroxylase enzymes, substantially involved in vitamin D metabolism and efficacy. The distribution and concentrations of the generated vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue, however, are largely unknown. Closing this knowledge gap could help to understand whether the different vitamin D compounds have specific health effects in the setting of adiposity. This review summarises the current evidence for a role of vitamin D in adipose tissue and discusses options to accurately measure vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS).the German Research FoundationPeer Reviewe
Electrochemical Performance of WS2-CNT Core–Shell Heterostructures for the Detection of Vitamin B2 †
Get PDFIn this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed for the quantitative determination of riboflavin. The tungsten disulfide (WS2) layer was deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by atomic layer deposition (ALD), forming a CNTs-WS2 core–shell heterostructure. This material was used to modify the commercial screen-printed carbon electrode in order to enhance its electrocatalytic activity toward the detection of vitamin B2. Cyclic voltammetry was performed as a preliminary test in the presence of riboflavin. In addition to this, an extensive electrochemical study was performed using differential pulse voltammetry, demonstrating that modified the CNTs-WS2/SPCE sensor display superior electrochemical performance compared with bare SPCE. The sensor exhibits a linear response in the concentration range from 0 µM to 45 µM, with remarkably enhanced sensitivity (9 μAμM−1cm−2) compared with the bare electrode, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.24 µM. This enhancement is attributed to the conformal growth of the WS2 flakes on the CNTs and the high surface area offered by these flakes.Peer Reviewe