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Research website and rich TEI XML header encoding
Get PDFThe Rubensohn Project, led by Prof. Dr. Verena M. Lepper, digitizes and archives around one thousand inscribed artifacts from Elephantine Island, encoded in Text Encoding Initiative XML. Detailed metadata are collected, including inventory numbers, dimensions, scripts, and translations, managed in a FileMaker database. This metadata is transformed into a comprehensive TEI XML header (), detailing each artifact's origin, provenance, and physical attributes. The TEI encoding ensures high data quality and interoperability with other scholarly resources. The project's website enables users to search and view the artifacts and metadata, supporting scholarly research and community contributions.Not Reviewe
Key Innovations in Financing Nature-Based Solutions for Coastal Adaptation
Get PDFThe implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) for coastal adaptation to climate change is limited by a well-documented lack of finance. Scholars agree that financial innovation represents a solution to this problem, particularly due to its potential for mobilising private investments. It remains unclear however how exactly innovative solutions address the specific barriers found in NBS implementation and, given the distinctive local characteristics of NBSs, to what extent successful innovations can be replicated in other locations. This study addresses this issue by reviewing the literature and case studies of innovative financial solutions currently implemented in NBS projects, highlighting which financial barriers these arrangements address and which contextual conditions affect their applicability. We find that there is no “low-hanging fruit” in upscaling finance in NBSs through financial innovation. Innovative solutions are nevertheless expected to become more accessible with the increase in NBS project sizes, the increased availability of data on NBS performance, and the establishment of supportive policy frameworks. The flow of finance into NBS projects can be further enhanced through the external support of both public (de-risking and regulation) and private actors (financial expertise).This research was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 101037097.European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation ProgrammePeer Reviewe
Hybrid RPA:DFT Approach for Adsorption on Transition Metal Surfaces: Methane and Ethane on Platinum (111)
Get PDFThe hybrid QM:QM approach is extended to adsorption on transition metal surfaces. The random phase approximation (RPA) as the high-level method is applied to cluster models and, using the subtractive scheme, embedded in periodic models which are treated with density functional theory (DFT) that is the low-level method. The PBE functional, both without dispersion and augmented with the many-body dispersion (MBD), is employed. Adsorption of methane and ethane on the Pt(111) surface is studied. For methane in a 2 × 2 surface cell, the hybrid RPA:PBE and RPA:PBE+MBD results, −14.3 and −16.0 kJ mol–1, respectively, are in close agreement with the periodic RPA value of −13.8 kJ mol–1 at significantly reduced computational cost (factor of ∼50). For methane and ethane, the RPA:PBE results (−14.3 and −17.8 kJ mol–1, respectively) indicate underbinding relative to energies derived from experimental desorption barriers for relevant loadings (−15.6 ± 1.6 and −27.2 ± 2.9 kJ mol–1, respectively), whereas the hybrid RPA:PBE+MBD results (−16.0 and −24.9 kJ mol–1, respectively) agree with the experiment well within experimental uncertainty limits (deviation of −0.4 ± 1.5 and +2.3 ± 2.9 kJ mol–1, respectively). Finding a cluster that adequately and robustly represents the adsorbate at the bulk surface is important for the success of the RPA-based QM:QM scheme for metals.Norddeutscher Verbund f?r Hoch- und H?chstleistungsrechnen
10.13039/100030685Norddeutscher Verbund f?r Hoch- und H?chstleistungsrechnen
10.13039/100030685Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
10.13039/501100001659Fonds der Chemischen Industrie
10.13039/100018992Peer Reviewe
The Prolonged Path of Indigenization: A Study on German Protestant Missionary Ernst Faber’s Chinese Literary Works
Get PDFErnst Faber’s 34 years of literary missionary works reveal his commitment to refining his approach to indigenizing Christianity in China. Employing three linguistic and cultural adaptation strategies—translation and commentary of the Bible, examination and analysis of missionary practical outcomes in Western society, and the revision and reinterpretation of Chinese classics incorporating Christian insights—Faber adapted his methods gradually into China’s specific conditions, indicating a prolonged path of indigenization. Despite expressing appreciation for Chinese culture, a critical examination reveals the preservation of his cultural biases and an unwavering commitment to Christianity as a means of purifying and enriching the spirit of the Chinese people. Rooted in the political context of his time and confidence in European historical world missions, Faber’s indigenization strategy in his Chinese literary works represents an interplay of cultural adaptation and resistance.The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinPeer Reviewe
Unequal access to protection? Selection patterns over arrival cohorts of Syrians seeking refuge in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany
Get PDFIntroduction: An ample scholarly literature on voluntary migration has shown that migration is a highly selective process, resulting in migrant populations that often differ significantly from their respective population of origin in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. The literature attributes these differences to either migrants' active choice and agency in the migration decision (i.e., self-selection), or to selectively applied external constraints. Although the socio-demographic make-up of forced migrant populations has received significant attention in public discourses in receiving countries such as Germany and Turkey, the literature on migrant selection largely focuses on voluntary migration and self-selection mechanisms. As a result, the selection mechanisms of forcibly displaced persons are less well-understood. Particularly in the context of forced migration, the conditions for migration fluctuate heavily within a relatively short time span, e.g., regarding immigration policies and border controls. In this study we contribute to that literature by exploring the changing conditions under which Syrians sought international humanitarian protection between 2013 and 2017 and linking them to the selection outcomes in three major receiving countries: Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany.
Methods: Based on novel household survey data, we compare age, gender, socio-economic background, and family context of the Syrian populations in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany by arrival cohort (2013–2017). In a narrative approach, we combine the cohort analysis of Syrians in Lebanon, Turkey, and Germany with contextual analyses of the (changing) frameworks governing refugee migration in transit and destination countries and descriptive analyses of changing risk levels along migration routes into Europe.
Results: Our analyses reveal that higher external barriers coincide with a stronger selection in migrants' socio-demographic make-up. In particular, riskier routes and higher entry barriers are associated with a lower share of female migrants, a lower share traveling with family members, and a higher socio-economic background.
Discussion: In this study, we describe differences in forced migrants' selection outcomes in countries of first refuge neighboring the origin country, relative to a reception country in the global north. By establishing legal and political frameworks as well as the accessibility of routes as external barriers to forced migration we expand on the existing theoretical approaches to selection effects and identify a need for policy intervention to ensure equitable access to humanitarian protection.Peer Reviewe
Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions
Get PDFThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.This study aimed (1) to assess the validity of a modified method (Mmod) based on heart rate (HR)—oxygen uptake (VO2) regression functions to calculate total energy costs (Wtotal) and aerobic (Waer) and anaerobic alactic energy contribution (Wpcr) and (2) to analyse the physiological and energetic demands of high-level pommel horse routines (PH routines). The Mmod was developed because VO2 measurements are limited during high-level PH routines. Answering Part 1, nine male artistic gymnasts performed a PH routine where energy costs were calculated from VO2 measurements and then compared with energy costs determined from the HR- VO2 regressions of Mmod’s two additional tests. Using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Deming regression, Waer (CCC = 0.955), Wpcr (CCC = 0.999), and Wtotal (CCC = 0.990) show substantial to almost perfect validity without constant or proportional bias. Data from eight further gymnasts performing a high-level PH routine and a graded exercise test (GXT), as well as four data sets from Part 1, were used to determine physiological and energetic demands using Mmod. VO2 and HR during PH routines reached 86.1% and 90.4% of the maximal values during GXT. Wpcr was 47.0%, anaerobic lactic energy contribution (Wblc) was 29.7%, and Waer was 23.3% of Wtotal required during PH routines. Summarising the energetic demands of high-level PH routines, they are mainly anaerobic, where Wpcr provides the largest energy share. Waer provides a substantial part of Wtotal and should therefore also be specifically trained.Peer Reviewe
Cell-type specific inhibitory plasticity in subicular pyramidal cells
Get PDFThe balance between excitation and inhibition is essential to the proper function of cortical circuits. To maintain this balance during dynamic network activity, modulation of the strength of inhibitory synapses is a central requirement. In this study, we aimed to characterize perisomatic inhibition and its plasticity onto pyramidal cells (PCs) in the subiculum, the main output region of the hippocampus. We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from the two main functional PC types, burst (BS) and regular spiking (RS) neurons in acute rat hippocampal slices and applied two different extracellular high-frequency stimulation paradigms: non-associative (presynaptic stimulation only) and associative stimulation (concurrent pre-and postsynaptic stimulation) to induce plasticity. Our results revealed cell type-specific differences in the expression of inhibitory plasticity depending on the induction paradigm: While associative stimulation caused robust inhibitory plasticity in both cell types, non-associative stimulation produced long-term potentiation in RS, but not in BS PCs. Analysis of paired-pulse ratio, variance of IPSPs, and postsynaptic Ca2+ buffering indicated a dominant postsynaptic calcium-dependent signaling and expression of inhibitory plasticity in both PC types. This divergence in inhibitory plasticity complements a stronger inhibition and a higher intrinsic excitability in RS as compared to BS neurons, suggesting differential involvement of the two PC types during network activation and information processing in the subiculum.Peer Reviewe
What if I like it? Daily appraisal of technology-assisted supplemental work events and its effects on psychological detachment and work engagement
Get PDFThe article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Introduction: Information and communication technologies (ICT) allow employees to engage in technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW), such as continuing work tasks and being contacted by supervisors or colleagues after their official working hours. Research has found that TASW can have positive and negative effects on employee wellbeing. Yet, it remains unclear under which circumstances TASW is beneficial or harmful. Building on appraisal theories, we hypothesized that a more positive appraisal of TASW events is related to higher levels of daily psychological detachment and work engagement. We further proposed that daily psychological detachment is positively associated with daily work engagement and mediates the relationship between appraisal of TASW events and daily work engagement. Methods: To test our hypotheses, we conducted a diary study with two surveys per day over five consecutive workdays (N = 135; 245 daily observations). Results: Results of multilevel path analysis showed that a more positive appraisal of TASW was positively related to work engagement. However, appraisal of TASW events was not associated with psychological detachment and, therefore, there was no mediating effect on work engagement. Discussion: Our results contribute to existing research by investigating potential beneficial aspects of TASW and its effects on work engagement. Future research avenues and practical implications are discussed.Peer Reviewe
CELL: a Python package for cluster expansion with a focus on complex alloys
No full textWe present the Python package CELL , which provides a modular approach to the cluster expansion (CE) method. CELL can treat a wide variety of substitutional systems, including one-, two-, and three-dimensional alloys, in a general multi-component and multi-sublattice framework. It is capable of dealing with complex materials comprising several atoms in their parent lattice . CELL uses state-of-the-art techniques for the construction of training data sets, model selection, and finite-temperature simulations. The user interface consists of well-documented Python classes and modules ( http://sol.physik.hu-berlin.de/cell/ ). CELL also provides visualization utilities and can be interfaced with virtually any ab initio package, total-energy codes based on interatomic potentials, and more. The usage and capabilities of CELL are illustrated by a number of examples, comprising a Cu-Pt surface alloy with oxygen adsorption, featuring two coupled binary sublattices, and the thermodynamic analysis of its order-disorder transition; the demixing transition and lattice-constant bowing of the Si-Ge alloy; and an iterative CE approach for a complex clathrate compound with a parent lattice consisting of 54 atoms.Peer Reviewe
Heart rate and heart rate variability in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from patients and unaffected first-degree relatives
No full textAltered heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are common observations in psychiatric disorders. Yet, few studies have examined these cardiac measures in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The current study aimed to investigate HR and HRV, indexed by the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and further time domain indices, as putative biological characteristics of OCD. Electrocardiogram was recorded during a five-minute resting state. Group differences between patients with OCD (n = 96), healthy participants (n = 112), and unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD (n = 47) were analyzed. As potential moderators of group differences, we examined the influence of age and medication, respectively. As results indicated, patients with OCD showed higher HR and lower HRV compared to healthy participants. These group differences were not moderated by age. Importantly, subgroup analyses showed that only medicated patients displayed lower HRV compared to healthy individuals, while HR alterations were evident in unmedicated patients. Regarding unaffected first-degree relatives, group differences in HRV remained at trend level. Further, an age-moderated group differentiation showed that higher HRV distinguished relatives from healthy individuals in young adulthood, whereas at higher age lower HRV was indicative of relatives. Both the role of familial risk and medication in HRV alterations need further elucidation. Pending future studies, alterations in HR and potentially HRV might serve as useful indices to characterize the pathophysiology of OCD