31325 research outputs found
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Insight predicts subsequent memory via cortical representational change and hippocampal activity
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.The neural mechanisms driving creative problem-solving, including representational change and its relation to memory, still remain largely unknown. We focus on the creative process of insight, wherein rapid knowledge reorganization and integration—termed representational change—yield solutions that evoke suddenness, certainty, positive emotion, and enduring memory. We posit that this process is associated with stronger shifts in activation patterns within brain regions housing solution-relevant information, including the visual cortex for visual problems, alongside regions linked to feelings of emotion, suddenness and subsequent memory. To test this, we collect participants’ brain activity while they solve visual insight problems in the MRI. Our findings substantiate these hypotheses, revealing stronger representational changes in visual cortex, coupled with activations in the amygdala and hippocampus—forming an interconnected network. Importantly, representational change and hippocampal effects are positively associated with subsequent memory. This study provides evidence of an integrated insight mechanism influencing memory.Peer Reviewe
Climate protection or agricultural production site? How political actors frame the future use of German peatlands
No full textDrained peatlands are a major source of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in Germany. To eliminate a large proportion of these emissions, they need to be rewetted, which requires substantial change in land use. Respective plans are causing conflict between stakeholders and are subject of a political debate. This article analyses frames in the debate on the future use of currently drained peatlands in Germany by studying public textual communications from political stakeholders between 2019 and 2022. Three frames are identified: (1) an environmental frame, emphasising environmental protection, which is most commonly used by environmental interest groups, the government and in party communication; (2) an entrepreneurial frame, portraying farmers as change makers, which is mainly used by a landscape management association, but also in government communication; (3) a socio-economic threat frame, which perceives farmers as threatened by peatland rewetting policies, and which is mainly present in farmers’ associations. All actors recognise peatland rewetting as an effective climate change mitigation measure. Most actors also agree that land users have a role to play in the process of reducing emissions from agricultural peatlands. While the environmental and socio-economic threat frames assign land users a rather passive role in the land-use change process, the entrepreneurial frame portrays land users as agents of change. We conclude that politicians, policy makers and other stakeholders may benefit from strengthening and refining an entrepreneurial frame. Such a frame would consider the opportunities and challenges of future peatland uses and facilitate land user agency, reconciling economic and environmental objectives.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (1034)Peer Reviewe
Quantitative Analyse der Nutzung von Creative Commons-Lizenzen auf Webseiten deutscher Wissenschaftseinrichtungen mittels des German Academic Web
No full textDiese Veröfentlichung geht zurück auf eine Bachelorarbeit im Studiengang Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft (Library and Information Science), B. A. an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin aus dem Jahr 2025.Die Verwendung von Creative Commons-(CC-)Lizenzen in der Wissenschaft wird häufg im Kontext von Open Science, insbesondere vom Open Access-(OA-)Publizieren, thematisiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Verwendung von CC-Lizenzen auf Webseiten deutscher wissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen abseits dieser rein publizierenden Nutzungskontexte von OA-Repositorien und Publikationsdatenbanken. Hierfür wird der Datenbestand des German Academic Web (GAW) an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, welches die Webpräsenzen von etwa 150 deutschen Wissenschaftseinrichtungen verzeichnet, unter quantitativen Gesichtspunkten ausgewertet. Es wird ein zeitlicher Vergleich der CC-Nutzungsraten zwischen 2014 und 2024 im Hinblick auf die Faktoren Einrichtung, Bundesland, Lizenzmodell und Trägertyp durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse deuten sowohl auf eine wachsende Nutzung von CC-Lizenzen als auch auf eine Entwicklung zu den ofeneren, mit OA-Defnitionen konformen Lizenzmodellen CC-BY und CC-BY-SA hin. Im Vergleich mit Daten rein publizierender Nutzungskontexte lässt sich ein abweichendes CC-Lizenz-Nutzungsverhalten im untersuchten Anwendungskontext ableiten. Die Ergebnisse sollten stets vor dem Hintergrund der Limitationen des Datensatzes betrachtet werden
Insights from Norms, Study Background, and Identity
No full textIn der Wirtschaftswissenschaft haben Labor- und Online-Experimente an Bedeutung gewonnen, da sie wertvolle Einblicke bieten, die traditionelle Ansätze ergänzen. Diese Dissertation untersucht empirisch, wie soziale Signale und Konstrukte Geschlechterunterschiede in Konformität, Ehrgeiz und wirtschaftlichem Verhalten prägen.
Kapitel 1 nutzt zwei Online-Experimente mit einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung (N=2122), um Geschlechterunterschiede in der Einhaltung einer Empfehlung zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen eher konform handeln, wobei Konformität für sie stärker eine soziale Norm darstellt.
Kapitel 2 berichtet über zwei Laborexperimente (N=461), die selbstbegrenzendes Verhalten bei Beförderungsentscheidungen untersuchen. Besonders bei MINT-Studierenden zeigen Frauen eine geringere Bereitschaft, sich für herausfordernde Aufgaben zu bewerben, was durch eine gezielte Intervention überwunden werden kann.
Kapitel 3 entwickelt ein kontinuierliches Maß für Geschlechtsidentität anhand einer US-Stichprobe (N=2017) und maschineller Lernverfahren. Es kombiniert Feminitäts- und Maskulinitätsscores, die unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche Verhaltensmuster vorhersagen, und eröffnet neue Perspektiven für Politikgestaltung.
Insgesamt zeigt die Dissertation: i) Normen unterscheiden sich zwischen Frauen und Männern, ii) der Studienhintergrund ist zentral für Geschlechterunterschiede, und iii) Geschlechtsidentität sollte über das binäre Geschlecht hinaus gemessen werden.This dissertation uses laboratory and online experiments to examine how social cues and constructs shape gender differences in compliance, ambition, and economic behavior. By combining classical lab studies (Chapter 2) with online experiments (Chapters 1 and 3), it highlights the role of norms, study background, and gender identity in driving economic decisions.
Chapter 1 analyzes compliance with pro-social recommendations in two online experiments with a representative German sample (N=2122). Women are generally more compliant, and compliance functions as an injunctive norm for all but more strongly as a social norm for women.
Chapter 2 reports two lab experiments (N=461) on applications for promotion. Traditional gender gaps appear mainly among STEM students: STEM women are less likely than men to apply when harder tasks are involved. A second design shows that reducing task-related ambiguity closes this gap.
Chapter 3 develops a continuous measure of gender identity using a US sample (N=2017) and machine learning. Distinct femininity and masculinity scores predict economic behaviors, showing that masculinity relates to confidence and competition, while femininity aligns with altruism and equality.
Overall, the dissertation demonstrates that (i) norms differ for men and women, (ii) study background shapes gender gaps, and (iii) gender identity, beyond biological sex, provides new insights into economic behavior
How to Open-Access in Social and Cultural Anthropology?
No full textBlogpost verfügbar unter: https://boasblogs.org/uncommoning/commoning-knowledge/how-to-open-access-in-social-and-cultural-anthropology/The blogpost discusses hopeful and critical perspectives on open access in social and cultural anthropology. In many disciplinary contexts, the decision of whether to publish open access or not is primarily a question of reputation, impact and financing. Is the journal that publishes my work reputable? Is it influential in my field and among my peers? Can my institution afford the article processing charges (APCs) required for gold open access? Researchers in social and cultural anthropology often engage with open access differently. A workshop proposal for the DGSKA conference “Un/Commoning Anthropology”, titled “‘Commoning Knowledge’ – Open Science ideologies, strategies, practicalities and its (un)foreseen effects for anthropological knowledge production” sheds light on some of the contestations and debates surrounding open access publishing within social and cultural anthropology.Not ReviewedKonferzenz „Un/Commoning Anthropology. Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie und die Frage was – wem – gemein sein soll", Köln, 29.09.-02.10.2025, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie (DGSKA
Improving Perovskite/CIGS Tandem Solar Cells for Higher Power Conversion Efficiency through Light Management and Bandgap Engineering
No full textPerovskite and chalcopyrite materials are excellent absorbers for highly efficient, all-thin-film tandem solar cells. This work presents a certified world record for such a device, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 24.6 ± 1.1% under steady-state conditions. The best IV parameters extracted from certified current–voltage measurements presented a short-circuit current density of around 19.3 mA/cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 1.765 V, and a fill factor of 71.8%. In comparison to our previous record, the current density improved considerably, mainly due to the lowering of the bandgap of the bottom subcell and the improved optics of the top perovskite cell.Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 10.13039/100010661Bundesministerium f?r Bildung und Forschung 10.13039/501100002347Bundesministerium f?r Wirtschaft und Energie 10.13039/501100006360Peer Reviewe
Tailored Crystallization Dynamics for Efficient and Stable DMSO‐Free Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
No full textTin perovskite solar cells are emerging as a sustainable lead‐free alternative in thin film photovoltaics. DMSO‐free processed tin perovskites are gaining interest due to the detrimental effects of DMSO on tin oxidation. However, replacing DMSO with other solvents remains challenging due to the accelerated crystallization dynamics in non‐DMSO systems. In this study, the crystallization process in a DMSO‐free solvent system is regulated by managing the transition from the sol‐gel phase to the solid film. Specifically, piperazine dihydriodide (PDAI) and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (tBP) are utilized to coordinately tune the colloidal chemistry through forming large pre‐nucleation clusters in perovskite ink, further, facilitating the film formation process. By combining tBP and PDAI, a controllable crystallization rate is achieved as evidenced by in situ photoluminescence (PL) measurement during spin‐coating. As a result, tin perovskite films show high crystallinity and improved microstructure. Devices treated with tBP+PDAI exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 7.8% and excellent stability without observable degradation for over 3000 h stored in the N2 glovebox. These findings advance understanding and managing crystallization in DMSO‐free solvents processed tin perovskite solar cells.Zeitenwende ‐ Zukunftstechnologie Tandem SolarzellenEuropean Union's Framework Program for Research and Innovation HORIZON EUROPEGerman Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchChina Scholarship Council 10.13039/501100004543Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst 10.13039/501100001655Peer Reviewe
Unsaturated Phosphine Oxides for Modular Antibody Rebridging and Single Reagent Peptide‐Cyclization‐Bioconjugation
No full textAchieving modular, selective and homogeneous protein modifications is of utmost importance for the design of next generation biopharmaceuticals, especially in the context of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs). Here, we introduce unsaturated phosphine oxides as versatile triple‐reactive reagents, allowing orthogonal chemoselective bioconjugation schemes. Starting from triethynyl‐phosphine oxide, a variety of functionalized diethynyl‐triazolyl‐phosphine oxides (DTPOs) could be accessed by using Cu I ‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). We showcase DTPO‐reagents in the fast and selective generation of various highly stable antibody‐conjugates via antibody disulfide rebridging. A highlight from this methodology is the synthesis of a DAR 4 ADC following a modular 2‐step strategy using bioorthogonal tetrazine‐labeling with bicyclo‐[6.1.0]non‐4‐yne (BCN) or trans ‐cyclooctene (TCO) containing payloads. Notably, the DTPO‐rebridged ADC exhibited potent cytotoxicity against Her2 + cancer cells. Moreover, we utilize triethynyl‐phosphine oxide to obtain ethynyl‐ditriazolyl‐phosphine oxides (EDPOs) which enable a unique, single‐reagent peptide‐cyclization‐bioconjugation protocol resulting in functional cyclic peptide‐protein conjugates. Overall, our work provides versatile and powerful chemoselective modalities for the controlled modification of antibodies, peptide‐cyclization and peptide‐protein conjugation, expanding the toolkit for chemical biology and therapeutic development.Deutsche Forschungs‐gemeinschaftLeibniz SocietyPeer Reviewe
Design and methods of the research unit 5187 PREACT (towards precision psychotherapy for non-respondent patients: from signatures to predictions to clinical utility) – a study protocol for a multicentre observational study in outpatient clinics
No full textIntroduction: Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) works—but not equally well for all patients. Less than 50% of patients with internalising disorders achieve clinically meaningful improvement, with negative consequences for patients and healthcare systems. The research unit (RU) 5187 seeks to improve this situation by an in-depth investigation of the phenomenon of treatment non-response (TNR) to CBT. We aim to identify bio-behavioural signatures associated with TNR, develop predictive models applicable to individual patients and enhance the utility of predictive analytics by collecting a naturalistic cohort with high ecological validity for the outpatient sector.
Methods and analysis: The RU is composed of nine subprojects (SPs), spanning from clinical, machine learning and neuroimaging science and service projects to particular research questions on psychological, electrophysiological/autonomic, digital and neural signatures of TNR. The clinical study SP 1 comprises a four-centre, prospective-longitudinal observational trial where we recruit a cohort of 585 patients with a wide range of internalising disorders (specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and unipolar depressive disorders) using minimal exclusion criteria. Our experimental focus lies on emotion (dys)-regulation as a putative key mechanism of CBT and TNR. We use state-of-the-art machine learning methods to achieve single-patient predictions, incorporating pretrained convolutional neural networks for high-dimensional neuroimaging data and multiple kernel learning to integrate information from various modalities. The RU aims to advance precision psychotherapy by identifying emotion regulation-based biobehavioural markers of TNR, setting up a multilevel assessment for optimal predictors and using an ecologically valid sample to apply findings in diverse clinical settings, thereby addressing the needs of vulnerable patients. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Department of Psychology at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (approval no. 2021-01) and the Ethics Committee of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (approval no. EA1/186/22). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international conferences. Deidentified data and analysis scripts will be made available to researchers within the RU via a secure server, in line with ethical guidelines and participant consent. In compliance with European and German data protection regulations, patient data will not be publicly available through open science frameworks but may be shared with external researchers on reasonable request and under appropriate data protection agreements.
Trial registration number: DRKS00030915.German Research FoundationPeer Reviewe