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Underpinning the EU Nature Restoration Regulation: five success factors for effective measures in the Member States
No full textIn August 2024, the Nature Restoration Regulation came into force in the European Union (EU). This landmark legislation on ecosystem restoration may significantly improve the state of European's biodiversity and could profoundly contribute to implementing the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. To realize this potential, the EU Member States need to underpin the objectives of the Nature Restoration Regulation with effective measures. Here, we highlight five factors for the success of national nature restoration policies: increased acceptance of nature restoration and landscape change; agreed quantitative and qualified national restoration targets; improved coordination of nature restoration with other land uses; supportive organizational and legal framework conditions; and increased attractiveness of nature restoration to land users and land owners. Drawing on recommendations developed for the German context by three national policy advisory bodies, we suggest that these factors also hold relevance for advancing nature restoration policies in other EU Member States.Implications for Practice: The European Union (EU) Nature Restoration Regulation may significantly improve the state of Europe's biodiversity. It has the potential to profoundly contribute to the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Governments of all EU Member States are now obligated to design and implement national nature restoration plans. Five identified success factors provide orientation to ensure that these policies meet the required levels of ambition and effectiveness. The success factors are: increased acceptance, agreed national restoration targets, coordination with other land uses, supportive organizational and legal framework conditions, and increased attractiveness of nature restoration to land users and land owners.Peer Reviewe
Der Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA-27): Reliabilität der deutschen Übersetzung, Faktorenstruktur und konkurrente Validität mit Angstsensitivität und agoraphobischen Kognitionen
No full textBackground: Separation anxiety disorder (SEPAD) is characterized by pronounced fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures. Despite its high lifetime prevalence, adult SEPAD often remains undetected due to a lack of diagnostic tools in multiple languages. The Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA-27) is a key instrument for assessing symptoms of SEPAD in adults. However, no validated German version is available. Objectives: This study addressed the translation and validation of the ASA-27 in a German-speaking population to introduce the first German questionnaire assessing SEPAD. Materials and methods: A consecutive forward and backward translation was conducted. Reliability and validity of the German ASA-27 against several established anxiety-related psychometric scores were assessed in a large sample of 1520 healthy participants. Results: Results revealed robust internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.87) and a factor structure explaining 49.7% of variations in answers. Concurrent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with established anxiety measures. Younger age and female sex were positively correlated with ASA-27 scores. Conclusion: The German ASA-27 constitutes a promising diagnostic tool for adult SEPAD with sound psychometric properties and a coherent factor structure, offering a structured and reliable assessment of SEPAD and its dimensional evaluation in German-speaking populations.Hintergrund: Die Trennungsangststörung (SEPAD) zeichnet sich durch ausgeprägte Angst oder Furcht vor der Trennung von Bezugspersonen aus. Trotz der hohen Lebenszeitprävalenz bleibt SEPAD oft unerkannt, da diagnostische Werkzeuge in vielen Sprachen nicht verfügbar sind. Der Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA-27) ist ein Schlüsselinstrument zum Erfassen von SEPAD-Symptomen bei Erwachsenen, jedoch ist derzeit keine validierte deutsche Version verfügbar. Ziel der Arbeit: Diese Studie beschreibt die Übersetzung und Validierung des ASA-27 in einer deutschsprachigen Population. Material und Methoden: Nach einer konsekutiven Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Übersetzung wurden Reliabilität und Validität des deutschen ASA-27 anhand etablierter Angstskalen in einer Stichprobe von 1520 gesunden Probanden untersucht. Ergebnisse: Es ergab sich eine robuste interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs α = 0,87) und eine Faktorenstruktur, die 49,7 % der Antwortvariation erklärte. Die konkurrente Validität wurde durch signifikante Korrelationen mit etablierten Angstmaßen abgesichert. Jüngeres Alter und weibliches Geschlecht gingen mit höheren ASA-27-Scores einher. Diskussion: Der deutsche ASA-27 stellt ein geeignetes diagnostisches Werkzeug für SEPAD bei Erwachsenen dar. Er zeigt gute psychometrische Werte sowie eine kohärente Faktorenstruktur und stellt ein strukturiertes und reliables Instrument zur Erfassung von SEPAD in deutschsprachigen Populationen dar.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Universitätsklinikum Freiburg (8975)Peer Reviewe
Eine phänomenologische Studie
No full textThe publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Die ethnographische Studie zeigt am Beispiel von Kindern und ihren Gitarren, welche Erfahrungsräume entstehen, wenn sich Kinder intensiv mit einem ästhetischen Gegenstand auseinandersetzen, durch Üben Körperwissen erwerben und Können etablieren. Auf dem Weg zu neuen Gestaltungsräumen werden die Körper und die Gitarren zu neuen Herausforderungen, der Schmerz zum Begleiter (Negativität), die Exploration zum Anlass sinnlicher Wahrnehmung und der Sozialraum zu einer wichtigen Instanz. Die Analyse mündet in einer lerntheoretischen Ordnung, die zentrale Momente im körperlich-praktischen Aneignungsprozess thematisiert
Lost in Translation—How Transparency Can Improve Comparability and Reusability in Acoustic Bat Research
No full textImagine solving a puzzle where half the pieces are missing: Acoustic bat monitoring, a key method for studying species distribution and population shifts, depends on purpose‐specific parameters and clear documentation. Without detailed information on these specific parameters, mainly the employed hard‐ and software, reproducibility and cross‐study comparability are not given. This comparability is imperative to address the gaps in bat population data, which have been described as one of the major threats to global bat biodiversity. We aimed to identify the parameters critical for the accurate interpretation and reproducibility of acoustic bat monitoring and assess how these parameters are communicated in existing studies. Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that employed acoustic bat surveys or monitoring in European forests since 2008. Our review focused on three primary components: (1) recording devices and their settings, (2) call identification protocols, and (3) bat activity interpretation methods. Over 90% of the reviewed studies lacked basic methodological parameters. In all areas, we observed incomplete reporting of settings, unreproducible call identification protocols, and data interpretation methods that did not provide access to underlying data. We found a wide range of acoustic bat monitoring methods applied to diverse research questions. This variability underscores the fact that recommending a single approach is neither practical nor desirable. However, consistent reporting of equipment and methods is essential for improving transparency across studies. A standardized framework specifying key parameters for reporting would enhance comparability, support data reuse, and promote more robust bat monitoring and acoustic research. The lack of standardization does not reflect poorly on the researchers' competence or intent but emphasizes the need for a unified approach to bioacoustics methodology. We propose a standardized framework for reporting methodological parameters in acoustic bat monitoring to improve comparability, reproducibility, and transparency across studies.H2020 European Research Council 10.13039/100010663Leibniz‐Gemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001664Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) 10.13039/501100022574Peer Reviewe
Pedoclimatic, knowledge and management factors drive European soybean and faba bean yields
No full textThe low usage of grain legumes in European cropping systems is often attributed to yield gaps due to limiting pedoclimatic conditions, sub-optimal management practices, and farmers’ limited experience and knowledge in growing these crops. The relative contributions of these factors to current grain legume yield gaps at European scale and, in particular, the difference between yields achieved by experienced farmers and those achieved by novices remain unknown. We therefore explored the relationship between yields and these different factors, to identify areas where farmers require more support to close the yield gaps in grain legume production. To this purpose, we conducted a large-scale online farmer survey in nine European countries with a focus on soybean and faba bean. For both crops, classification and regression tree analysis identified country of production as the primary explanatory variable of yield variation and confirmed the hypothesis that greater experience and knowledge is associated with higher yields. However, the effect of several factors differed between the crops, showing the need for legume-specific strategies. Experience and knowledge were particularly important for soybean, although also relevant for faba bean in low-yielding environments. Other important factors identified to determine yield for soybean included farm specialization, agroclimatic zone, the number of years growing grain legumes and the size of farmland, while for faba bean these important factors were pest management and perceived soil fertility. Farmers highlighted drought, weed infestation, and soil characteristics as having critical impacts on yields for both crops, as well as inoculation and irrigation for soybean. Both soybean and faba bean growers emphasized the need for more information on plant protection and cultivar selection. The results indicate the potential to increase legume yields by supporting farmers in the first years of growing grain legumes, especially for crops that have a shorter history in Europe such as soybean.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100018693Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V. (3493)Peer Reviewe
Der Einfluss des Internets auf die Akzeptanz, Durchsetzbarkeit und Rechtsgeltung von Urheberrecht
No full textThe publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, Dissertation, 2024, u. d. T.: Urheberrecht und Rechtsgeltung – Der Einfluss des Internets auf die Akzeptanz, Durchsetzbarkeit und Rechtsgeltung von UrheberrechtUrheberrechtlich geschützte Inhalte werden im Internet seit Jahren massenhaft illegal verbreitet und heruntergeladen. Aus rechtlichen und tatsächlichen Gründen lassen sich insbesondere die von Einzelpersonen begangenen Verletzungen kaum bzw. gar nicht verfolgen. Timm Pravemann nähert sich dieser globalen Problematik aus rechtstheoretischer Perspektive und fragt, inwieweit die Geltung des Urheberrechts im Internet hierdurch betroffen ist. Im Fokus steht zunächst die Ausarbeitung eines rechtstheoretischen Konzepts der holistischen Rechtsgeltung, das auf beliebige Rechtsnormen praktisch anwendbar ist. Ist Recht nicht durchsetzbar, ist es ganz besonders auf die Akzeptanz durch seine Normadressaten angewiesen. In diesem Zusammenhang untersucht der Autor konkret den urheberrechtlichen Status quo dieses oftmals als »Internetpiraterie« bezeichneten Phänomens. Betrachtet wird insbesondere, wie es um die Wirksamkeit des Urheberrechts im Internet bestellt ist, welche Motivationen und Gründe hinter den massenhaften Urheberrechtsverletzungen stehen und wie dem womöglich begegnet werden kann
Area-level socioeconomic deprivation, socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms: a multilevel analysis using data from the GEDA 2019/2020 study
No full textHintergrund: Die Prävalenz psychischer Erkrankungen ist in Deutschland mit der sozioökonomischen Position assoziiert. Internationale Studien zeigen zudem Zusammenhänge auf räumlicher Ebene mit regionaler sozioökonomischer Deprivation. In Deutschland sind diese räumlichen Zusammenhänge bisher nicht untersucht worden. Unklar ist auch, ob die Stärke individueller sozioökonomischer Unterschiede vom Ausmaß regionaler sozioökonomischer Deprivation abhängt. Methoden: Repräsentative Befragungsdaten der Studie Gesundheit in Deutschland Aktuell (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS) ( N = 21.876) werden verwendet, um die Prävalenzen depressiver Symptomatik (Patient Health Questionnaire- 8 ≥ 10) mittels kleinräumiger Schätzmethoden zu berechnen und zu visualisieren. Prävalenzen werden für Gruppen nach sozioökonomischer Position (Bildung und Einkommen) und dem Ausmaß regionaler sozioökonomischer Deprivation der Wohnregion verglichen. Multiple logistische Mehrebenenregressionsmodelle werden geschätzt, um die Gruppenunterschiede für Kontrollvariablen zu adjustieren. Ergebnisse: Die Häufigkeit depressiver Symptomatik zeigt keine systematische geografische Verbreitung über Deutschlands Stadt- und Landkreise. Das Depressionsrisiko fällt allerdings in sozioökonomisch hoch bzw. mittel deprivierten Gemeinden weitaus höher aus als in niedrig deprivierten Gemeinden (Odds Ratio = 3,29 bzw. Odds Ratio = 1,86). Zudem gibt es deutliche Bildungs- und Einkommensunterschiede zuungunsten von Personen mit niedrigerer sozioökonomischer Position. Diese Unterschiede sind in hoch deprivierten Regionen stärker ausgeprägt. Diskussion: Regionale sozioökonomische Deprivation ist auch in Deutschland ein Risikofaktor für beeinträchtigte psychische Gesundheit. Gruppen mit besonderem Versorgungsbedarf sind Personen mit niedrigem Bildungsniveau oder Einkommen in deprivierten Regionen.Background: The prevalence of mental disorders in Germany is associated with socioeconomic position. International studies further indicate area-level correlations linking higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation with increased mental health burdens. However, these area-level associations have not yet been systematically examined in Germany and it is unclear whether socioeconomic disparities in mental health outcomes are contingent upon area-level socioeconomic deprivation. Methods: Representative data from the German Health Update survey (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS) ( N = 21,876) are used to estimate and visualize depressive symptoms prevalence (Patient Health Questionnaire- 8 ≥ 10) via small-area estimation. Prevalence rates are analyzed stratified by socioeconomic position (education and income) and by the degree of area-level socioeconomic deprivation in the residential municipalities. Multiple logistic multilevel regression models are employed to adjust for confounding. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms does not exhibit a systematic geographical distribution across German districts. However, risk of depression is significantly higher in highly (Odds Ratio = 3.29) and moderately (Odds Ratio = 1.86) socioeconomically deprived municipalities compared to low-deprivation municipalities. Additionally, there are clear educational and income disparities to the detriment of individuals with a lower socioeconomic position. These differences are more pronounced in highly deprived regions. Conclusion: Area-level socioeconomic deprivation is a key risk factor for compromised mental health in Germany. Individuals with lower education and income in deprived areas are particularly vulnerable, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and policies.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Robert Koch-Institut (4255)Peer Reviewe
Single‐Step Breeding Value Estimations and Optimum Contribution Selection in Endangered Dual‐Purpose German Black Pied Cattle (DSN) Using a Breed Specific SNP Chip
No full textThe aims of the present study were to perform single‐step genomic predictions in the dual‐purpose German Black Pied cattle (DSN) breed considering a DSN specific SNP chip (DSN_200 K), and to use the corresponding estimated breeding values (EBV) in ongoing optimum genetic contribution (OGC) selection. All results were compared with the application of the commercial Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (50 K). The traits of interest in the present study (due to the differing breeding history of these traits in the past) included 305‐day lactation protein percentage (Pro%) of 9029 DSN cows, fat‐to‐protein ratio (FPR) from the first test‐day of 8773 DSN cows, and stature (STAT) measured in cm of 4409 DSN cows. The DSN cows represented the calving years 2008–2019. Genotyping of 2797 DSN animals was conducted using both the DSN_200 K and the 50 K. From the genotyped animals, a subset of 1800 cows had phenotypic records for all three traits FPR, Pro% and STAT. Heritabilities from the single‐step genetic parameter estimations were quite large for Pro% (0.69) and STAT (0.78), but small for FPR (0.11). The choice of the SNP chip only had minor effects on variance components, heritabilities and EBVs. Furthermore, genetic parameters were very similar from genetic‐statistical models additionally considering a linear regression on pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficients. OGC selection was applied to a pool of 1125 pre‐selected bull sires (BS) and bull dams (BD). A more relaxed genetic relationship constraint was associated with favourable effects on the average EBVs for Pro%, FPR and STAT, and a declining number of selected BS. The gains in genetic merit were marginal when relaxing the constraint at 0.06 for the genetic relationships or higher. The same associations were found for an overall breeding index (I‐DSN), considering the three traits with equal weights. Consequently, we suggested OGC applications with a genetic relationship constraint of 0.06, which contributed to genetic gain in I‐DSN of 17.9%, and to increased diversity due to an increased number of BS, when compared to the current practical elite animal selection scheme. A large number of finally selected BS and BD was identical when either using EBV from the DSN_200 K or from the 50 K. From such perspective, we only see marginal extra value for the specific DSN SNP‐chip application.German Federal Ministry of Food and AgriculturePeer Reviewe
Editorial: Medicinal chemistry for neglected tropical diseases using in-vitro, in-vivo and in silico approaches
No full textThe author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article.Peer Reviewe