31325 research outputs found
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Regional-scale groundwater analysis with dimensionality reduction
No full textThe article processing charge was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Given the importance of groundwater for freshwater provision and groundwater-dependent ecosystems, understanding climate effects on groundwater changes at a regional scale is essential. In this paper, we propose a new way of applying dimensionality reduction for such purpose, not over the collected data, nor over any calibrated models, but over the misfits between the modeled and observed groundwater levels. This methodology highlights local differences in climate-groundwater relations and can be used to identify regions with different vulnerabilities in a data-driven way. The approach takes gridded groundwater level data and gridded precipitation and evapotranspiration data as input. Linear water balance models are set up for each grid cell in an independent way. The misfits between the water balance model simulations and groundwater levels are used for the dimensionality reduction-based regionalization, with which areas of different groundwater behavior are identified. We demonstrate the potential of our methodology in the Berlin-Brandenburg region, Germany, where groundwater is a major freshwater source at risk. We show that groundwater level changes are linearly related to climatic variations at a monthly scale, even in areas with strong anthropogenic influences. The dimensionality reduction further reveals an approximate regionalization of groundwater behavior, which can be used as a basis for more detailed investigations.Key points: The climate-groundwater relations in the lowland area of Berlin-Brandenburg can be estimated with linear models. Dimensionality reduction methods can identify regions with temporal discrepancies in the expected groundwater dynamics.Einstein Stiftung BerlinPeer Reviewe
Ergebnisse aus dem BLEIB-Projekt
No full textDas Ziel des BLEIB-Projekts bestand darin, sozialräumliche, organisationale und individuelle Rahmenbedingungen zu analysieren, die ein ehrenamtliches und freiwilliges Engagement in Sportvereinen ausgewählter peripher-ländlicher Räume in Ostdeutschland bedingen, restringieren und befördern. Um diese Zielstellung empirisch zu untersuchen, wurde eine Sekundäranalyse der Freiwilligensurveys 2014 und 2019 vorgenommen, standardisierte Vereins- und Mitgliederbefragungen in ca. 40 Sportvereinen durchgeführt sowie über 30 Gruppendiskussionen in Sportvereinen realisiert.Peer Reviewe
Conductivity hysteresis in MXene driven by structural dynamics of nanoconfined water
No full textWater under 2D confinement exhibits unique structural and dynamic behaviors distinct from bulk water, including phase transitions and altered hydrogen-bonding networks, making it of great scientific interest. While confinement in 2D materials like graphene, mica, or hexagonal boron nitride has been reported, their lack of intrinsic hydrophilicity or metallic conductivity limits their suitability for probing the interplay between confined water and electronic transport. MXenes, a family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, overcome these limitations by combining high metallic conductivity (~10 4 S cm −1 ) with hydrophilicity, offering a unique platform to investigate confined water dynamics and their influence on electronic properties. Here, we show that temperature and confinement drive structural transitions of water within MXene interlayers, including the formation of localized ice clusters, amorphous ice, and dynamic hydrogen-bonded networks. These transformations disrupt stacking order, inducing a reversible metal-to-semiconductor transition and conductivity hysteresis in MXene films. Upon heating to 340 K, the dissociation of ice clusters restores interlayer spacing and metallic behavior. Our findings experimentally establish MXenes as an exceptional platform for studying the phase change of confined water, offering new insights into how nanoscale water dynamics modulate electronic properties and enabling the design of advanced devices with tunable interlayer interactions.DOE | Office of Science (SC)https://doi.org/10.13039/100006132DAADVolkswagen Foundation (VolkswagenStiftung)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001663EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)https://doi.org/10.13039/100010663Peer Reviewe
Capturing the dynamics of adolescent emotion regulation in anxiety-inducing situations through development and evaluation of a state emotion regulation questionnaire for adolescents
No full textThe development of functional emotion regulation (ER) is crucial for mental health in childhood and adolescence—especially in today’s context of multiple crises, which have led to rising anxiety even in the general population. Although the importance of ER is widely acknowledged, existing assessments have yet to adequately measure state ER, particularly in anxiety-inducing situations. We aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the State Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ State) for adolescents, with a future focus on clinical populations. An online experiment was conducted with 105 German adolescents (Mage = 13.5 years, SDage = 2.4), using four types of anxiety-inducing vignettes (social anxiety, general anxiety, specific phobia, separation anxiety) to examine potential correlations with trait anxiety. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to refine the ERQ State-short item pool, revealing strong support for its theoretical structure in scenarios related to social anxiety (Vignette 1). However, model fit was less satisfactory for the remaining forms of anxiety (separation anxiety, specific phobia, generalized anxiety; Vignette 2). While further refinement and validation are needed, the ERQ State-short appears to be a promising tool for assessing ER in anxious adolescents, particularly in contexts involving social anxiety.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (1010)Peer Reviewe
Semi-enzymatic synthesis and application of 13C-isotopically labelled inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate
No full textInositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) is a crucial secondary messenger that controls calcium (Ca2+) levels inside cells, yet many questions regarding Ins(1,4,5)P3 metabolism are challenging to address with current methods. Here, a semi-enzymatic milligram scale synthesis of isotopically labeled [13C6]Ins(1,4,5)P3 is reported which then served as a substrate to monitor the activity of mammalian type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5B, using NMR spectroscopy in real time. In addition, the phosphorylation sequence catalyzed by inositol polyphosphate multikinase IPMK was confirmed using [13C6]Ins(1,4,5)P3 and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The method was subsequently applied to characterize the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions of a putative inositol phosphate kinase from the alga Klebsormidium nitens (KnIPK2). KnIPK2 displayed 6-kinase activity towards [13C6]Ins(1,4,5)P3, and dual 4/6- and 5-phosphatase activity towards [13C6]Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5. Finally, [13C6]Ins(1,4,5)P3 was utilized as an internal standard in hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) experiments, to quantify dephosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 by INPP5B. [13C6]Ins(1,4,5)P3 therefore constitutes a broadly applicable analytical tool that should facilitate the characterization of Ins(1,4,5)P3 metabolism in the future.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659Peer Reviewe
Outpatient Psychotherapy for Adults with Autism Spectrum Condition
No full textViele autistische Erwachsene ohne intellektuelle Beeinträchtigung leiden unter psychischen Erkrankungen. Es besteht Bedarf an psychotherapeutischer Unterstützung hierfür. Zusätzliche psychische Erkrankungen können mit psychotherapeutischen Ansätzen wirksam behandelt werden. Die Mitglieder einer partizipativen Forschungsgruppe berichteten jedoch über Hindernisse beim Zugang zu ambulanter Psychotherapie.
Fragestellungen: (1) Wie nehmen erwachsene Autisten ambulante Psychotherapie in Anspruch, und welche Faktoren tragen zur Behandlungszufriedenheit bei? (2) Gibt es bevorzugte Modifikationen? (3) Wie ist der Ausbildungsstand in Bezug auf Autismus? (4) Gibt es Zusammenhänge zwischen der Behandlungsbereitschaft und dem Wissen über Autismus? Die Dissertation umfasst zudem (5) ein Editorial für eine deutsche Fachzeitschrift im Bereich klinische Psychologie und Psychiatrie, um Erfahrungen mit dem partizipativen Forschungsansatz weiterzugeben.
Zwei Datensätze wurden verwendet. Im ersten sind 262 Erwachsene mit Autismus und 304 nicht-autistische Erwachsene mit depressiver Störung. Im zweiten Datensatz sind 577 Psychotherapeuten. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse unterstreichen, dass es Unterschiede im Zugang und in der Zufriedenheit mit der Psychotherapie zwischen den Gruppen gibt, die auf Unterschiede im Fachwissen der Therapeuten zurückzuführen sind. Die Studien zeigen, dass es bei ambulanten Psychotherapeuten webniger Wissen über Autismus im Vergleich zu anderen Erkrankungen haben. Ein geringer Wissensstand geht mit einer geringeren Bereitschaft zur Behandlung autistischer Patienten einher. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit von autismusspezifischen Anpassungen.
Die Beseitigung von Wissenslücken bei Psychotherapeuten scheint von Bedeutung für die Verbesserung der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung. Darüber hinaus unterstreicht diese Arbeit die Machbarkeit eines partizipativen Ansatzes in der psychosozialen Versorgungsforschung.Many autistic adults without intellectual disability experience co-occurring mental health conditions which are associated with reduced quality of life. This population has demand for psychotherapeutic support for co-occurring conditions. Mental health conditions in autistics can be effectively treated with psychotherapeutic approaches in an outpatient setting. However, the members of a participatory research group reported barriers to accessing outpatient psychotherapy services. The objective of this dissertation was to improve understanding of current services and practices for autistics and identity opportunities for improvement.
Research aims: (1) Which determinants contribute to treatment satisfaction in adults with autism? (2) Are there preferred modifications? (3) What is the level of outpatient psychotherapists’ education regarding autistic patients? (4) Are there associations between treatment willingness and knowledge about autism in psychotherapists?
Further, the thesis includes an (5) editorial for a German mental health journal to disseminate experiences about the participatory research approach.
Two data sets are used in which psychotherapeutic services were assessed. The first data set includes 262 adults with autism and 304 not-autistic adults with depression. The second data set includes 577 psychotherapists. There is disparity in access, utilization and satisfaction with psychotherapy between autistic individuals and non-autistic individuals with depression, driven by differences in therapist expertise. Crucially, low levels of knowledge were associated with less openness to treat autistic patients. The findings also emphasize the need for ASC-specific accommodations.
The findings suggest integrating autism education into psychotherapist training and increasing access to continuing education on autism. The thesis also emphasises the importance and feasibility of a participatory approach
Dritte Änderung der fachspezifischen Studien- und Prüfungsordnung für das Bachelorstudium im Fach Informatik, Mathematik und Physik (AMB Nr. 73/2019)
No full textAstrocytic-OTUD7B ameliorates murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by stabilizing glial fibrillary acidic protein and preventing inflammation
No full textAstrocytes are central to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, their regulation by post-translational ubiquitination and deubiquitination is unresolved. This study shows that the deubiquitinating enzyme OTUD7B in astrocytes protects against murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, by limiting neuroinflammation. RNA-sequencing of isolated astrocytes and spatial transcriptomics show that in EAE, OTUD7B downregulates chemokine expression in astrocytes of inflammatory lesions, which is associated with reduced recruitment of encephalitogenic CD4 + T cells. Furthermore, OTUD7B is necessary for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression of astrocytes bordering inflammatory lesions. Mechanistically, OTUD7B (i) restricts TNF-induced chemokine production of astrocytes by sequential K63- and K48-deubiquitination of RIPK1, which limits NF-κB and MAPK activation and (ii) enables GFAP protein expression by supporting GFAP mRNA expression and preventing its proteasomal degradation through K48-deubiquitination of GFAP. This dual action on TNF signaling and GFAP identifies OTUD7B as a central inhibitor of astrocyte-mediated inflammation.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), (EXC 2155)Peer Reviewe
Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des deutschen Völkerstrafgesetzbuches
No full textThe publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Die völkerrechtswidrige Zerstörung, Aneignung und Plünderung von Sachgütern sind verbreitete Mittel der Kriegsführung in nahezu allen bewaffneten Konflikten weltweit - mit verheerenden Folgen für die Opfer. Solche Delikte gegen das Eigentum sind vielfach völkerrechtlich strafbewehrt und können insbesondere als Kriegsverbrechen geahndet werden. Nella Sayatz untersucht Grund und Grenzen des Eigentumsschutzes im humanitären Völkerrecht und Völkerstrafrecht. Sie erörtert die Motive und Voraussetzungen, Eigentum im bewaffneten Konflikt zu schützen und Eigentumsverletzungen als Völkerrechtsverbrechen zu ahnden. Besondere Relevanz erhalten diese Fragestellungen vor dem Hintergrund, dass in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vielfach sog. IS-Rückkehrerinnen wegen Kriegsverbrechen gegen Eigentum nach dem deutschen Völkerstrafgesetzbuch verfolgt werden. Die Autorin hinterfragt diese Anwendungspraxis und ihre Implikationen für die nationale Völkerstrafrechtspflege aus dogmatischer und kriminalpolitischer Perspektive