University of Arts in Belgrade
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How Have We Always Been Posthuman?
No full textRad problematizuje opravdanost „postističkih“ revizija humanizma. U prvom delu rada izlaže se ona misaona linija razumevanja čoveka koja čoveka vidi kao hronično manjkavog za vlastitu „prirodu“ ili „suštinu“ i koja od te neukorenjenosti gradi njegov privilegovan status. Drugi deo rada posvećen je odnosu transhumanizma i kritičkog posthumanizma prema humanizmu. Nalazi se da transhumanizam skladno nastavlja i/ili radikalizuje humanistički projekt samotvoračkog i samotranscendirajućeg čoveka, dok kritički posthumanizam radije zagovara ponovno promišljanje i redeskripiciju čoveka s obzirom na ono što smatra da su bile pogubne posledice humanizma. Zaključni deo rada detektuje izvesnu proizvoljnost u razumevanju humanizma njegovih kritičara, podseća da su se i unutar humanizma baštinili kritički momenti kao njegov vlastiti sadržaj i korektiv, te da su možda suvišne objave radikalnih rezova i raskida sa humanističkom tradicijom. Sugeriše se jedno sinoptičko sagledavanje humanističkih orijentira i njihovih posthumanističkih osuda, koje bi uvažilo i baštinu humanističke misli i obavezu njenog kritičkog preispitivanja.This paper problematises the justification of ‘postist’ revisions of humanism. In
the first part of the paper, a line of thought that persistently marks the self-perception of man is presented. It stretches from Plato, through Pico della Mirandola and
Kant, all the way to existentialism and philosophical anthropology in the twentieth
century. In it, man is understood as chronically deficient in their own ‘nature’ or
‘essence’, and his privileged status is built from this rootlessness. The second part
of the paper is dedicated to the relationship of transhumanism and critical posthumanism to humanism. Transhumanism is found to harmoniously continue and/or
radicalise the humanist project of self-creating and self-transcending man, while
critical posthumanism advocates a rethinking and redescription of man in view
of what are considered to have been the disastrous consequences of humanism: a
transgression in relation to everything different from man by anthropomorphising
it and anthropocentrically measuring it against himself. The concluding part of the
paper detects a certain arbitrariness in the understanding of humanism by its critics,
reminds that even within such a broadly understood humanism, critical moments
have been inherited as its own content and corrective, and that announcements of
radical cuts and ruptures with the humanistic tradition are perhaps redundant. It
is also noted that something non-negligible has changed with the contemporary
challenges of technoscience – artificial intelligence, informatics, robotics –but it is
contested that this change in social history requires a cardinal rejection, change or
neglect of the intellectual heritage that enables responses to it and/or a rational dispute about it. A synoptic overview of humanist landmarks and their post-humanist
condemnations is suggested, which would respect the heritage of humanist thought
and the right or even the obligation built into it of its critical reviewL’article problématise le bien-fondé des révisions « postistes » de l’humanisme. Dans la première partie de ce travail est exposée cette ligne de pensée
qui conçoit l’homme comme chroniquement incomplet dans sa propre « nature
» ou « essence » et qui de ce déracinement construit son statut privilégié. La
deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée au rapport du transhumanisme et du
posthumanisme critique envers l’humanisme. Il est démontré que le transhumanisme continue et/ou radicalise harmonieusement le projet humaniste de
l’homme autocréateur et autotranscendant, alors que le transhumanisme critique
préfère opter pour le réexamen et la redescription de l’homme étant donné ce
qu’il considère comme les conséquences néfastes de l’humanisme. La partie
conclusive de l’article détecte un certain arbitraire dans la compréhension de
l’humanisme de la part de ses critiques, rappelle qu’à l’intérieur de l’humanisme s’étaient aussi développés des éléments critiques qui faisaient partie de
son propre contenu et de son correctif, enfin que les annonces des séparations
et ruptures radicales avec la tradition humaniste sont peut-être superflues. Il est
suggéré qu’une analyse synoptique des repères humanistes et de leurs condamnations posthumanistes, prendrait en compte et le patrimoine de la pensée humaniste et l’obligation de son réexamen critiqu
Criticism of Klages in Contemporary Philosophy. From the Naturalism to the Irrationalism Reproach
No full textDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Kritik an der Philosophie von Ludwig Klages, die in den 1920-ern Jahren seine Zeitgenossen wie Helmuth Plessner, Georg Misch und etwas später in den 1930-ern Jahren auch Max Bense übten. Der Gegenstand der Kritik war vor allem seine These von der grundlegenden Opposition von Geist und Seele aber auch seine graphologischen Schriften. Im Zentrum der hier vorgelegten Analyse steht die Herausarbeitung der Inkongruenz dieser kritischen Stimmen, die sich darauf bezieht, dass Klages sowohl den naturalistischen als auch irrationalistischen Vorwürfen ausgesetz ist.Članak se bavi kritikom filozofije Ludwiga Klagesa, koju su dvadesetih godina prošlog stoljeća prakticirali njegovi suvremenici kao što su Helmuth Plessner, Georg Misch i, nešto kasnije, tridesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, Max Bense. Predmet kritike bila je, prije svega, njegova teza o temeljnoj suprotnosti duha i duše, ali i njegovi grafološki spisi. U fokusu ovdje predstavljene analize stoji razrada nesklada ovih kritičkih glasova, što se odnosi na činjenicu da je Klages izložen i naturalističkim i iracionalističkim zamjerkama.The article deals with the criticism of the philosophy of Ludwig Klages, which his contemporaries such as Helmuth Plessner, Georg Misch and also Max Bense practiced in the 1920s and 1930s. The object of criticism was above all his thesis of the fundamental opposition of spirit and soul, but also his graphological writings. The focus of the analysis presented here is the elaboration of the incongruity of these critical voices, which refers to the fact that Klages is exposed to both naturalistic and irrationalistic accusations
The Role of Adult Learning and Education in (Post-)Covid Times
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to global education systems, with adult education shifting to a virtual world and relying heavily on digital and ICT tools to maintain continuity of learning. However, the prolonged pandemic raises important questions about the future of adult education. The current essay examines the most significant changes in three key areas of adult education: health, citizenship, and digital technologies. It argues that adult education should not only equip people with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate a crisis, but also play a proactive role in shaping the future of education and the world. It should critically analyse and challenge mainstream ideas and offer constructive alternatives to proposed solutions
Veštačka inteligencija i Sveti Oci: Svetootački vodič kroz izazove veštačke inteligencije i superinteligencije
No full textČlanak ima za cilj da istraži mogućnost primene učenja koje su razvili Oci Crkve u rešavanju niza savremenih pitanja u razvoju veštačke inteligencije. U članku se prvo ukazuje na načine upotrebe veštačke inteligencije u razvoju sistema nadzora i bezbednosti, autonomnog oružja, kao što su dronovi i roboti ubice, i javne uprave. Zatim se razmatra pitanje da li je uprkos etički problematičnom korišćenju veštačke inteligencije, ipak moguće da veštačka inteligencija stekne neka pozitivna znanja o čovečanstvu, koja su u skladu sa principima hrišćanske, a posebno svetootačke antropologije. Tvrdi se dalje da upotrebom, odnosno zloupotrebom veštačke inteligencije u ova tri društvena sektora, veštačka inteligencija može steći znanje o glavnim dogmama hrišćanske Crkve, naime o Božijem ovaploćenju u ljudskom obličju, Božijoj smrti na krstu i njegovom vaskrsenju iz mrtvih i o jednakosti ljudskog roda pred Bogom. Кonačno, u radu se pomera fokus na četiri pitanja koja se tiču: a) posledica brze eksplozije veštačke inteligencije, b) ontološkog statusa kiborga i „uploads“, c) budućeg odnosa veštačke superinteligencije i čovečanstva, i g) načina usklađivanja ciljeva super inteligentnih mašina i čovečanstva. U rešavanju ovih pitanja koristi se svetootačko učenje o Bogu kao Tvorcu koji stvara čovečanstvo po svom liku i podobiju, učenje o odnosu duše i tela razvijeno tokom origenističkih sporova, halkidonsko učenje o dve neslivene i nerazdeljive prirode Hristove, poznato i kao diofizitstvo, i diotelitsko učenje o volji kao prirodnom, ali ličnom svojstvu
Na šta mislimo kada kažemo... Pristup zdravstvenoj i socijalnoj zaštiti za osobe obolele od retkih bolesti
No full textNeglect and Allure: Gentrification of the Concrete Utopia
No full textNew Belgrade blocks have a contradictory reputation. On the one hand, they are large housing estates constructed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, lacking maintenance over the past half-century. Due to the giveaway privatization of the public housing stock, limited capacity of public utilities and the unresolved status of open block spaces, the dwelling units, common areas and the public spaces within the estates have been poorly maintained. The ageing buildings have leaky roofs, flooded basements, and deteriorating thermal insulation. Nevertheless, despite these drawbacks and the long-standing portrayal of a "concrete ghetto" in Serbian cinema, New Belgrade still is a desirable place to live. Based on the ethnographic study of two residential blocks, this paper delves into the contentious realm of urban transformation, focusing on the gentrification process in New Belgrade. Through a meticulous ethnographic exploration conducted between May 2020 and December 2021, this research sheds light on the complexities of "soft" gentrification and offers insights into the lived realities of young professional parents. This paper suggests that the YUPPS, attracted by the architectural value and infrastructural qualities of the socialist-modernist housing estates, are affluent in both the economic and the social capital and thus represent the forerunners of the gentrification process in New Belgrade. Furthermore, by analyzing the transformation of public spaces, the research uncovers the growing trend of childification, reflecting the new values and preferences of the emerging creative and technocratic middle-class residents that displace poor homeowners of the socialist-middle class. In summary, the paper argues that New Belgrade, although gentrified, is still living up to its founding ideal of becoming a family-friendly middle-class utopia. By emphasizing these insights, this paper contributes to the broader discourse on gentrification, urban transformation, and the complexities of class dynamics in post-transitional cities
Ka teoriji teorijskih formacija: od Altisera ka Lenjinu
No full textIn his theoretical efforts, Lenin made two excursions into philosophy – first in the book Materialism and Empirio-criticism and then in Philosophical Notebooks. There are obvious differences between these two works, which are reflected in the attitude towards Hegel (first rejection and then enthusiasm and acceptance of Hegel’s dialectical method), but also significant similarities. The paper points out that what links Lenin’s two books is the concept of theoretical formation. We derive the term theoretical formation from Lenin’s concept of socio-economic formation: in every society, a large number of modes of production coexist, which are overdetermined by one mode as dominant. Society is thus not a complete and rounded form, but a contradictory overdeterimned formation. The main thesis of the paper is that Lenin applies the concept of overdetermined formation to the reading of philosophy. Philosophical discourse is never whole but is split between two irreconcilable tendencies
– materialism and idealism. Philosophical work is nothing but a struggle for the theoretical dominance of one tendency over another. This struggle between philosophical tendencies is, as Louis Althusser points out, an extension of the class struggle in theory and takes place both in the entire history of philosophy and within each individual philosophical text. The philosophical text is thus a contradictory formation of unequal and combined development.U svom teorijskom radu Lenjin je napravio dva izleta u filozofiju – prvo u knjizi Materijalizam
i empiriokriticizam, a zatim u Filozofskim sveskama. Između ova dva dela postoje očigledne
razlike koje se ogledaju u odnosu prema Hegelu (prvo odbacivanje, a zatim oduševljenje i
prihvatanje Hegelovog dijalektičkog metoda) ali i značajne sličnosti. U radu se ističe da je
ono što povezuje Lenjinove dve knjige koncept teorijske formacije. Termin teorijska formacija izvodimo iz Lenjinovog koncepta društveno-ekonomske formacije: u svakom društvu
koegzistira veći broj oblika proizvodnje ali su ovi nadodređeni jednim oblikom kao dominantnim. Društvo, dakle, nije celovita i zaokružena forma, već je kontradiktorna nadodređena
formacija. Glavna teza rada je da Lenjin primenjuje koncept naodređene formacije na čitanje
filozofije. Filozofski diskurs nikada nije ceo, već je podeljen između dve nepomirljive tendencije – materijalizma i idealizma. Filozofski rad nije ništa drugo do borba za teorijsku prevlast
jedne tendencije nad drugom. Ova borba između filozofskih tendencija je, kako ističe Luj Altiser, produžetak klasne borbe u teoriji i odvija se kako u celokupnoj istoriji filozofije tako i
unutar svakog pojedinačnog filozofskog teksta. Filozofski tekst je dakle kontradiktorna formacija nejednakog i kombinovanog razvoja
Modalna logika u integrativnoj filozofskoj praksi
No full textThe paper discusses the differences between a practical emphasis on binary logic on the one hand, and modal logic, on the other, specifically in the fields of philosophical practice and psychotherapy. Although studies of practical applications of modal logic in the helping professions are recent, the discussion largely revolves around the controversial application of modality in psychotherapy by C.G. Jung and Lacan’s psychoanalysis. The present argument touches on some of the conceptual dilemmas associated with the relationship between logical modality, intuition and scientificity in psychotherapy, all of which are a part of the philosophical foundation of psychotherapy.U tekstu se raspravlja o razlikama izmedju praktičnog naglaska na binarnoj logici, s jedne
strane, i na modalnoj logici, s druge strane, u oblastima filozofske prakse i psihoterapije. Studije praktične primene modalne logike u pomagačkim profesijama su skorašnjeg datuma i
njihov sadržaj se u velikoj meri zasniva na kontroverzama u primeni modalnog mišljenja u
psihoanalizi C.G. Junga i u lakanovskoj psihoanalizi. Argumentacija teksta dodiruje neke od
pojmovnih dilema koje se tiču veze između logičke modalnosti, intuicije i naučnosti u psihoterapiji i filozofskoj praksi. Svi ovi aspekti savetodavnog procesa spadaju u same filozofske
osnove psihoterapije
Who Sends Money Home? Fiscal Consequences of The Territorial Representation in Serbia
No full textПракса по којој политички представници покушавају да обезбеде бенефите гласачима у својим локалним заједницама није нова појава. Најчешће се ради о финансирању јавних радова, као и о субвенцијама или директним трансферима, било у пројекте или социјалне бенефиције, а како би се повећао политички рејтинг и у коначници обезбедио реизбор. Иако је ова пракса израженија у изборним системима са више мањих изборних јединица, може се понегде идентификовати и у пропорционалном систему. Намера аутора је да управо на случају Србије испитају корелацију између локалне заступљености народних посланика и буџетских трансфера и уопште финансирања локалних самоуправа. У ту сврху, тестирани су подаци о пребивалишту посланика, те упоређени са нивоом трансфера, субвенција, износом локалних буџета укључујући расходе буџета и буџетски суфицит, односно дефицит, а додатно контролисани варијаблама попут броја становника, нивоа развијености, стопе незапослености, удела становништва старијег од 65 година и корисника социјалне помоћи, као и сличних развојних и друштвених фактора. Узорак је обухватио 145 јединица локалне самоуправе у Србији, за период од 2013. до 2021. године. Резултати емпријске анализе потврђују да „pork barrel“ праксе постоје и у окружењу (једна изборна јединица, затворене изборне листе) које не ствара институционалне подстицаје за култивацију персоналних гласова. Чак и у Србији, политичари ће фаворизовати своја места пребивалишта увећањем нивоа јавних инвестиција, док ће општине без посланика остајати без финансијских бенефита које доноси парламентарна репрезентативност. Ове праксе се примарно остварују кроз субвенције, али и нивое локалних буџета, док су трансфери са виших нивоа власти углавном законски одређени те је простор за интервенцију и мешање народних посланика сужен.The practice of political representatives trying to provide benefits to voters in their local communities is not new. The phenomenon is most often operationalized through financing of public works, projects, subsidies, direct transfers or social benefits, provided in order to increase the political ratings and ultimately ensure reelection. Although the practice is more pronounced in candidate-oriented electoral systems consisting of single-member districts, it can also be identified within the countries employing the proportional list system. The authors’ intention is to examine a correlation between the local representation in the Serbian parliament and budgetary transfers and moreover a general level of local financing. For this purpose, data on the residence of MPs was compared with the levels of transfers, subsidies and amount of local expenditures, while the models are additionally controlled with various variables including size of municipality, development level, unemployment rate, share of elderly population, as well as other developmental and societal factors. The sample covered 145 cities and municipalities in Serbia, for а period from 2013 to 2021. The empirical results indicate that pork barrel practices are indeed present even in the environment of closed electoral lists with at-large single district, which does not create institutional incentives for the cultivation of personal vote. But even in Serbia, it seems that local politicians favor their places of residence by increasing the level of public investments. Consequently, municipalities without deputies will remain without financial benefits that parliamentary representation provides. We found that these practices are primarily accomplished through central level subsidies, but can also be identified in the amounts of local budgets and local expenditures. On the other hand, direct annual transfers from the higher levels of government are mostly fixed due to the exact legal criteria, exempting the interference of elected deputies on this particular financing mechanism
