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Against the Educational Hierarchy: Travel, Teach, Subdue
No full textOslonjeni pre svega na analize i sugestije Ransijera i Levi-Strosa, autori rada nastoje da izlože kritiku hijerarhijski vrednovanih orijentira putovanja i obrazovanja. Prvi deo rada posvećen je zapadnim putnicima i njihovom „civilizatorskom“ odnosu prema drugim, dotad nepoznatim, predelima i narodima. Drugim delom rada ustanovljava se analogni obrazac i kada je reč o odnosu koji se uspostavlja u obrazovnom procesu, u kojem takođe novo i nepoznato valja savladati, osvojiti i pokoriti neupitnim znanjem. U zaključku se sugeriše mogućnost dekonstrukcije predefinisanog poretka civilizacije i/ili znanja, ne bi li se najavila mogućnost afirmisanja razlike, bez dominacije i učenja, bez jednoznačnog objašnjenja; mogućnost koja bi možda mogla da se ostvari s odstupanjem od iluzije o univerzalnoj merodavnosti Znanja i njegovog posednika.Relying primarily on the analyses and suggestions by Rancière and Lévi-Strauss, the authors of this paper endeavour to present a critique of the hierarchically valued landmarks of travelling and education. The first part of the paper is dedicated to Western travellers and their ‘civilising’ treatment of other landscapes and peoples, previously unknown. The second part of the paper identifies an analogous pattern when it comes to relationship established in the educational process, where the new and the unknown also have to be mastered, conquered, and subdued by unquestionable knowledge. The conclusion suggests the possibility of deconstructing the predefined system of civilisation and/or knowledge, with a view to creating the possibility for the affirmation of differences without domination, as well as learning without an unambiguous explanation, a possibility that may perhaps materialise with the abandoning of the illusion about the universal authority of Knowledge and its possessor
In search of explanation of violent behavior: A mediating model of personality traits, empathy and bullying
No full textRecently, we experienced a scene where three pupils bullied their teacher in a high school in
Serbia. Unfortunately, this is no rare sight. Bullying represents a big social problem in Serbia
- more than 60% of pupils are experiencing some form of bullying or participate in it. Earlier
empirical studies showed that there are some psychological traits and variables that can
successfully predict bullying behaviour. The main goal of this research was to create a
comprehensive mediating structural model which would explain individual differences in
school bullying using various psychological variables: basic personality traits from the
HEXACO model, dark personality traits from the Dark Tetrad and empathy. We initially
hypothesised that Empathy can be a mediating variable between personality traits and bullying
behaviour. Instruments that we used were HEXACO-60 (α = .562-.705), Short dark tetrad (α =
.553-.796), Shortened Empathy Quotient (α = .851) and Bullying Participant Behaviour
Questionnaire (α = .739). The research was conducted on a sample of 245 Serbian high school
girls and boys (75.1% females; Mage = 16.3, SDage = 1.1). The originally assumed model did
not prove to be adequate, and improvements to the given model have been considered. The
model that had good fit (χ2(4) = .975, p = .914) consisted of two predictors, which were
interrelated, and a criterion, which was Bullying. First predictor was a latent variable consisting
of Honesty, Psychopathy and Sadism which we called “Dark Personality Structure” (DPS).
Honesty negatively contributed, whereas Psychopathy and Sadism positively contributed to the
DPS. Empathy was a manifest variable, and so was Bullying. Latent variable DPS positively
predicted Bullying (β = .496) and Empathy negatively predicted Bullying (β = -.137). The
question arises whether it is adequate to view empathy as the mediating variable between
personality traits and bullying, as is discussed that empathy can be considered to be a basic
prosocial mechanism. Bullying in schools represents an important social problem from which
many children and young people suffer and which can cause consequences for their
development and mental health. We think that determining the predictors behind this problem
is of great practical importance in order to prevent and solve this problem in time
Kvalitet nastave čitalačke pismenosti i postignuća učenika: PIRLS 2021
No full textНалази бројних истраживања указују на то да су наставници кључни
фактор који утиче на квалитет образовања и постигнућа ученика. Подаци
међународних истраживања PISA 2018 и TIMSS 2019 показују да се наставници
у Србији у великој мери ослањају на традиционалну педагогију, попут држања
предавања и подстицања ученика да запамте информације предвиђене
програмом наставе и учења. Циљ рада је да се истражи однос између
квалитета рада наставника у узоркованим одељењима PIRLS 2021 и постигнућа
ученика четвртог разреда. Испитали смо иницијално образовање и стручно
усавршавање наставника разредне наставе, наставну праксу читалачке
писмености и истражили да ли и у којој мери квалитет рада наставника
доприноси постигнућима ученика четвртог разреда. Узорак је чинило 26
наставника разредне наставе, а при анализи коришћена је дескриптивна
статистика и мултиваријантна регресиона анализа. Инструмент истраживања
био је Упитник за учитеље. Већину узорка чине учитељице (91,5%), док је
просечан број година радног стажа скоро 25. Већина наставника је завршила
факултет (71,63%), 10,64% њих је завршило последипломске студије, а
17,73% наставника није завршило факултет. Одговори наставника потврђују
прописани број од пет часова недељно за наставу српског језика, тј. 241,10
минута просечно. У протекле две године највише учитеља (77,68%) похађало
је обуке у вези са дигиталном писменошћу, а већини (76,73%) највише
одговара радионица као облик усавршавања. Анализа одговора наставника
о наставним методама и техникама указује на то да је потребно пружити подршку учитељима у вези са развојем стратегија читања и унапређивањем
читалачке и дигиталне писмености ученика. Резултати истраживања такође су
показали да професионалне карактеристике наставника и квалитет њихове
наставне праксе нису статистички значајни предиктори постигнућа ученика
у домену читалачке писмености. Стога, за виша постигнућа ученика потребно
је да се фокус са идентификовања разлика у образовању и раду наставника
помери ка унапређењивању програма наставе и учења и ревизији општих
стандарда постигнућа за српски језик за крај првог циклуса образовања
Postholokaustovska čitanja u jevrejskoj i hrišćanskoj misli: komparativni aspekti
No full textHolokaust je, i nakon osamdeset godina od njegovog istorijskog vrhunca, i dalje prepoznat kao mesto traume – kako u kontekstu ličnog i društvenog nasleđa, tako i u oblastima akademskih studija sećanja i pamćenja. Međutim, za celovito razumevanje tragova koje je Holokaust upisao u evropsku i širu istoriju važno je razmotriti i religijski kontekst promišljanja praznine, ali i društveno-kulturalnih lekcija koje je Holokaust, kao kompleksan niz događaja, ostavio za sobom. Ovim istraživanjem autorke žele da postave pregled, a zatim i komparativni zahvat proučavanja odnosa jevrejske i hrišćanske misli vezane za Holokaust, kao i za doba nakon njega. Osim izvora iz druge polovine dvadesetog veka, autorke će posegnuti i za tradicionalnim teološkim i halahičkim izvorima, ukazujući na važnost religijskog diskursa za recepciju Holokausta u savremenom dobu. U ovom smislu autorke će posebno obratiti pažnju na pitanja vrednosti ljudskog života, slobodne volje i razumevanja različitosti koji se mogu ispostaviti kao osnova odgovornog društvenog delovanja u budućnosti
Is trusting always good? The roles of institutional and system trust according to democratic social movements
No full textDemocratic social movements are sometimes perceived as actors capable of restoring social and political trust in society. From this perspective, the role of social movements can be twofold. They can monitor and correct democratic institutions and encourage them to become more trustworthy in the eyes of citizens. Yet, they can also act as an opposing force to these institutions without necessarily helping them to become more trusted by citizens. In this paper, we aim to explore this issue from the perspective of social movements themselves. We ask how core members and followers of democratic social movements perceive the roles of institutional and system (dis)trust in the functioning of democracy. We draw evidence from the comparative research implemented in eight European countries, focusing on the cases of Czech Republic and Serbia. Two democratic social movements were included into the national sample. For every movement, one focus group was organized with its core members and one with its followers. Results showed that the movements were highly concerned with the topic of institutional and system trust and considered trust a precondition of a well-functioning democracy. At the same time, the specific understanding of trust differed between the movements. We identified a distinction between what can be called a normative, critical and anti-system understanding of trust. According to the normative understanding, the current form of democracy was perceived as a status quo and essentially good, and trust in democratic institutions was perceived as always positive (one movement in Czechia). In contrast, the critical understanding was associated with the belief that the current form of democracy was flawed and its reform was necessary (one movement in Czechia and one in Serbia). Finally, an anti-system understanding of trust was observed in one Serbian movement, where complete change of the system is seen as necessary. Trust in institutions was then perceived in an ambivalent way because it could prevent citizens from demanding a more radical system change. Each understanding of trust implied how social movement members perceived their roles in restoring institutional trust. These roles could move from pushing the current institutions to replace their untrustworthy representatives in the former case or advancing novel forms of liberal democracy and institutions to finally inventing distinctively different democratic system that will emphasize equality and inclusion
Internet umetnost: kritička estetika digitalne kulture
No full textInternet umetnost svoj vrhunac dostiže između 1990-ih i početka 21. veka i značajno je uticala na stvaranje i promišljanje digitalne kulture i informacionog društva. Delovanje net. art umetnika (Vuk Ćosić, Heath Bunting, Olia Lialina, Alexei Shulgin i duo Jodi), kao i eksperimenti u oblasti softverske umetnosti, hiperteksta i umetnosti internet platformi, kritički su ukazivale na uticaj informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija na društvo i predlagale alternative u njihovoj primeni i razumevanju. Tekst istražuje tri aspekta internet medija sa kojima su internet umetnici eksperimentisali: računarski kôd, hipertekst i interaktivnost, kao i „demokratizaciju “interneta i umetnosti koje vidimo kao središnje uzroke transformacije ove umetničke prakse u 21. veku. Predstavićemo i analizirati relevantne primere internet umetnosti od njenog pojavljivanja 1990-ih godina sve do savremenog perioda i razvoja kulture internet mimova, post-internet i AI umetnosti. Cilj nam je da ukažemo na internet umetnost kao vid umetničke kritike paradigma informacionog društva i tehnologije, te otvorimo pitanje važnosti ovakve kritičke estetike za savremenu kulturu i umetnost
How to Concieve Republic: Four Visions
No full textRad ukazuje na nepomirljive razlike i unutrašnje tenzije koje pod terminom „republika“ baštini, prevashodno, njoj naklonjeni osamnaesti vek. Ta nesaglasja i ambivalencije, koje u dobroj meri određuju i savremenu teoriju, izlažu se, redom, kroz razumevanja republike u prosvetiteljstvu, romantizmu, republikanizmu i u tradiciji „Republike ljudi od pera“. Zaključuje se da emancipatorski potencijal koji
se investira(o) u republiku, ako i ima istu ili sličnu tačku otpora – recimo: monarhiju, crkvenu dominaciju društvenim životom, ono što se nekad jezgrovitom krilaticom nazivalo „tron i oltar“, ukidanje privatizovanih i/ili partikularnih monopola odlučivanja i svih zabluda, predrasuda, te autoriteta koji ih ozakonjuju – uopšte nema ni približno istu ili sličnu viziju poželjnog stanja pošto se prevrat odigra, odnosno u ime čega se ustanovljuje republika.The work points to irreconcilable differences and internal tensions that under the term ‘republic’ are inherited, primarily, by the eighteenth century, which was favorable to it. Those disagreements and ambivalences, which determine modern theory to a good extent, are presented, respectively, through understandings of the republic in the Enlightenment, romanticism, republicanism and in the tradition of the ‘republic of letters’. It is concluded that the emancipatory potential that is invested in the republic, if it has the same or a similar point of resistance – for example: monarchy, church domination of social life, what was once called the concise catchphrase ‘throne and altar’, the abolition of privatized and/or particular decision-making monopolies and all misconceptions, prejudices, and the authorities that legitimize them – did not have at all the same or a similar vision of the desirable state after the coup has taken place, that is, in the name of what the republic should be established
Zenonovi paradoksi i kvantni mikrosvet: šta govore aporije
No full textThe article considers new approaches to four of Zeno’s paradoxes: the Arrow, Achilles and the Tortoise, the Dichotomy, and the Stadium. The paradoxes are analyzed in the light of current research in the field of elementary particle physics and some promising directions in the development of the quantum gravity. Physical theories, provided with the necessary philosophical interpretation, are used in order to clarify Zeno’s paradoxes and to search for answers to them. The text shows that using modern approaches to solve the paradoxes is not effective, because the paradoxes become irrelevant when analyzed in the context of microworld physics, at very small scales.
The main part of the paper is devoted to demonstrating this circum- stance – that the questions posed by the paradoxes are impossible to answer (at least in their classical interpretation). As a possible explanation, the article puts forward that in the formulation of the paradoxes, the properties of the macroworld and the microworld are mixed (which is historically justified, given the intuitive homogeneity of the large and the small, and the fact that non-classical physics – quantum mechanics – did not emerge until the twentieth century); that is, from the observation of large physical objects, a transition is made to the infinitely small in terms of discreteness and continuity. However, the principles of organization of space at very small scales are beginning to be clarified in general terms only now, and, perhaps, these principles may turn out to be quite far from the classical ideas about fundamental physical reality.U članku se razmatraju novi pristupi pitanju četiri Zenonova paradoksa: strela, Ahil i kornjača, Dihotomija i Stadion. Paradoksi su analizirani u svetlu aktuelnih istraživanja u oblasti fizike elementarnih čestica i nekih obećavajućih pravaca u razvoju kvantne gravitacije. Fizičke
teorije, opremljene neophodnim filozofskim tumačenjem, koriste se kako bi se razjasnili Zenonovi paradoksi i tražili odgovori na njih. Tekst pokazuje da korišćenje savremenih pristupa
za rešavanje paradoksa nije efikasno, jer paradoksi postaju irelevantni kada se analiziraju u
kontekstu fizike mikrosveta, na veoma malim razmerama.
Glavni deo rada posvećen je demonstraciji ove okolnosti – da je na pitanja koja postavljaju paradoksi nemoguće odgovoriti (barem u njihovoj klasičnoj interpretaciji). Kao moguće
objašnjenje, u članku se navodi da se u formulisanju paradoksa mešaju svojstva makrosveta
i mikrosveta (što je istorijski opravdano, s obzirom na intuitivnu homogenost velikog i malog
i činjenicu da neklasična fizika – kvantna mehanika – pojavila se tek u dvadesetom veku);
odnosno od posmatranja velikih fizičkih objekata prelazi se na beskonačno male u smislu
diskretnosti i kontinuiteta. Međutim, principi organizacije prostora u veoma malim razmerama počinju da se uopšteno razjašnjavaju tek sada i, možda, ovi principi se mogu ispostaviti
kao prilično strani klasičnim idejama o fundamentalnoj fizičkoj stvarnosti
U iščekivanju propasti liberalnog poretka: istorizacija krize liberalizma
No full textThis review article analyses the merits and shortcomings of three recent works by Matthew Rose, Peter Turchin, and Krishnan Nayar about the crisis in Western liberal democracies and liberalism. By exploring the intellectual and economic causes of the crisis, these authors are trying to establish a historical model that would explain the current crisis through a comprehensive account of the development of Western societies. In doing so, they identify the detrimental role of the elites and the growing inequalities as the major factor that historically contributes to the demise of liberal values, endangering democratic rule of law. Therefore, the three books are a warning that the demise of the liberal order will bring about the resurgence of right-wing authoritarianism. However, all three authors avoid discussing the nature of liberalism as the dominant ideology in the West. This article presents a criticism of such models, arguing that any discussion of the crisis of liberalism which avoids considerations about liberalism itself and liberal ideologies, necessarily fails to encapsulate the actual experience of the crisis. In addition, these models limit history’s usefulness in interpreting the causes of the crisis and preventing its consequences.Ovaj pregledni članak analizira prednosti i nedostatke nedavno objavljenih dela Metju Rouza,
Petera Turčina i Krišnana Najara o krizi zapadnih liberalnih demokratija i liberalizma. Ispitujući
intelektualne i ekonomske uzroke krize, ovi autori pokušavaju da ustanove istorijski model
koji bi objasnio trenutnu krizu kroz sveobuhvatno shvatanje razvoja zapadnih društava. Kroz
to, oni identifikuju negativnu ulogu elita i rastućih nejednakosti kao glavnih faktora koji kroz
istoriju doprinose padu liberalnih vrednosti i ugrožavanju demokratske vladavine prava. Stoga,
ove tri knjige predstavljaju upozorenje da će propast liberalnog poretka dovesti do vraćanja
desnog autoritarizma. Međutim, sva tri autora izbegavaju raspravu o prirodi liberalizma kao
dominantne ideologije Zapada. Ovaj članak kritikuje takave modele, tvrdeći da svaka diskusija
o krizi liberalizma koja izbegava rasprave o samom liberalizmu, kao i o liberalnim ideologijama
nužno ne uspeva da predoči samo iskustvo te krize. Takođe, ovi modeli ograničavaju korisnost
istorije za razumevanje uzroka krize i sprečavanje njenih posledica
