University of Arts in Belgrade
Digital Repository of the Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory, University of BelgradeNot a member yet
4571 research outputs found
Sort by
Kritička recepcija Ustava SFRJ iz 1974. u Srbiji i jugoslovenska kriza
No full textU periodu nakon donošenja Ustava SFRJ 1974. godine, pojavljuje se njegova intenzivnija
kritička recepcija u Srbiji, koja je temeljno oblikovala političku klimu i narative o odnosima unutar
jugoslovenske federacije. Ustav je svojim jasnim decentralizacijskim tendencijama, značajno proširio autonomiju pokrajina, što je u delu srpske javnosti i političkog establišmenta interpretirano značajnim slabljenjem položaja Srbije unutar Jugoslavije. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da istraži dinamiku kritike Ustava u Srbiji, s posebnim osvrtom na način na koji je ovakva recepcija doprinela formiranju preovlađujuće slike o “ugroženosti” Srbije u federativnom uređenju. Analiza se bazira na pregledu medijskih izveštaja, političkih nastupa i akademske literature iz tog perioda kako bi se razumelo šire društveno i političko okruženje u kojem se kritika Ustava razvijala. Posebna pažnja posvećuje se ulozi intelektualaca i političkih lidera u artikulaciji kritičkog stava prema Ustavu, te kako su ti narativi doprineli političkoj mobilizaciji i homogenizaciji koju će višestruko iskoristiti Slobodan Milošević u svom političkom usponu. Prikazujući vezu između ustavnih kritika i političkih procesa koji su usledili, rad doprinosi boljem razumevanju društvenih i političkih prilika u Srbiji pred začetak jugoslovenske krize
Derrida i njegova senka
No full textRerouting the tradition of defiant putdown, his name is a shibboleth for troubled intervention, still unearthing values stubbornly uninterrogated by other branches of philosophical enquiry. He drew from Carl Schmitt the persistent atmospherics of hostility to politicize social aspects of aggregation and Mitsein. The oeuvre of Jacques Derrida thus continues to stir hostility, generating implications of seething mistrust for the textual and institutional strategies of a “Derridean” workspace. This is not the first time that philosophy has been exposed to bad faith or phobic taunts. Since Socrates’s countdown, we know, as Arendt alerts us, that philosophy continually faces state hostility. What provokes different types and gradations of philosophical hostility, prompting a perceptible level of anger—to this day, dispensing the calculated dosages of mistrust that issue from other philosophers and civic cohorts? Or is hostility—and the anger that it breeds, whether historically latent or effective, part and parcel of the philosophical profile—a course of action? Are philosophers, while rhetorically armed to the teeth, basically unarmed warriors, politically hungry, as in the differently deposed cases of Plato and Heidegger? It could certainly be the case that what attracts hostility is mainly a question of the objects that are brought into play. But there’s something more at stake. To a large degree, the themes handled by Derrida were fuelled by pathologies and repetition compulsion, continually running up against a politics of disavowal. Sometimes the themes he’d chosen were exposed to critical belittling, seen as beside the philosophical point, “trivial” or aberrant, like Nietzsche’s forgotten umbrella or Genet’s floral perversions. Other times, the themes one chooses become contagious or form the groundwork for an autoimmune attack on its premises. One’s own work flares up against itself or succumbs to medico-philosophical disruption when it names a symptomatology that attacks the host-work. The constitution of a text is involved in the vulnerability it uncovers and pursues, never safely aloof from its encroaching object. Drawing on unconscious strata of his influence and invasive attachments, including the unfurling of dream-logic, the essay seeks to locate the overall tone of Derrida’s provocation, sounding a non-thematic instance hard to pin down, as in Kant’s apocalyptic tone, of which he wrote.Prenoseći kontroverze i preusmeravajući tradiciju prkosnog osporavanja, njegovo ime postaje
šibole za problematične intervencije, koje i dalje otkrivaju vrednosti uporno nepreispitane u
drugim granama filozofskog istraživanja. Od Karla Šmita preuzeo je postojane atmosfere
neprijateljstva kako bi politizovao društvene aspekte okupljanja i Mitsein-a. Opus Žaka Deride
stoga i dalje izaziva neprijateljstvo, proizvodeći implikacije dubokog nepoverenja prema
tekstualnim i institucionalnim strategijama jednog „deridijanskog“ prostora rada. Ovo nije
prvi put da se filozofija suočava sa lošom verom ili fobičnim uvredama. Još od Sokratovog
brojenja unazad, znamo, kao što nas Arent podseća, da se filozofija kontinuirano suočava sa
državnim neprijateljstvom. Šta izaziva različite vrste i stepene filozofskog neprijateljstva,
podstičući primetni nivo ljutnje—do današnjeg dana, raspoređujući proračunate doze
nepoverenja koje dolaze od drugih filozofa i građanskih grupacija? Ili je neprijateljstvo—i
ljutnja koju rađa, bilo istorijski latentna ili delotvorna—sastavni deo filozofskog profila, određeni
tok delovanja? Da li su filozofi, dok su retorički naoružani do zuba, u osnovi nenaoružani ratnici, politički gladni, kao u različitim slučajevima Platona i Hajdegera? Svakako je moguće
da je ono što privlači neprijateljstvo uglavnom pitanje objekata koji se stavljaju u igru. Ali, u
pitanju je nešto više.
U velikoj meri, teme kojima se Derida bavio bile su pokretane patologijama i kompulsijom
ponavljanja, koje su se neprestano sudarale s politikom poricanja. Ponekad su teme koje je
birao bile izložene kritičkom omalovažavanju, smatrane nebitnim za filozofsku suštinu,
„trivijalnim“ ili aberantnim, poput Ničeovog zaboravljenog kišobrana ili Ženeovih floralnih
perverzija. U drugim slučajevima, teme koje neko izabere postaju zarazne ili formiraju osnovu
za autoimuni napad na sopstvene premise. Vlastiti rad biva podložan protivljenju ili podleže
medicinsko-filozofskoj disrupciji kada imenuje simptomatologiju koja napada rad domaćina.
Ustrojstvo teksta uključuje ranjivost koju otkriva i proganja, nikada bezbedno odvojeno od
svog nadirućeg objekta. Crpeći iz nesvesnih slojeva svog uticaja i invazivnih vezanosti,
uključujući razmotavanje logike snova, ovaj esej nastoji da locira ukupni ton Deridine
provokacije, osluškujući netematski slučaj koji je teško uhvatiti, kao u Kantovom apokaliptičkom
tonu o kojem je pisao
Circle and Sphere Metaphors for God’s Nature and Providence in Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy and Dionysius’ On Divine Names
No full textThis chapter begins to fill this lacuna in the literature by comparing the way that Boethius in the Consolation of Philosophy and Dionysius in On Divine Names employ key Neoplatonic ideas and metaphors in speaking and thinking about God’s nature and providence. In order to focus my study, I will compare how Boethius and Dionysius employ sphere and circle metaphors – common among Neoplatonists – to clarify certain features of God’s nature and providence. By comparing the way Boethius and Dionysius employ these metaphors, I aim to demonstrate that Boethius and Dionysius portray the relation between God and creatures in a strikingly similar way. In particular, I will show how they use sphere or circle metaphors to (1) illustrate how God is both completely simple and yet also has, or rather is, a multiplicity of “attributes” or activities and (2) to articulate the relationship between God and creatures in terms of the Neoplatonic triad of remaining, proceeding, and reverting
Etički perfekcionizam i ne-ljudske životinje
No full textPerfekcionizam u svom prvom značenju podrazumijeva razvoj i poboljšanje
ljudskih kapaciteta ili sposobnosti (Hurka, Nussbaum), racionalne prirode
(Aristotel), kvaliteta svojstvenih ljudskom rodu (Marx), kao i potpomaganje
ovog razvoja i poboljšanja ljudske prirode. Drugo značenje perfekcionizma za-
sniva se na objektivnim vrijednostima i dobrima, odnosno postizanju i potpori
objektivno vrijednih dostignuća kao što su kognitivna, kulturalna i estetska, a
također obuhvaća i unapređivanje vrijednih načina života u skladu sa održivim
razvojem. Oba ova značenja, kako se u prvi mah čini, ne sadrže uvažavanje
ne-ljudskih životinja kao svoje teorijske jezgre. Ipak, jedno šire tumačenje na-
čela perfekcionizma može pružiti revizionističko preispitivanje perfekcioniz-
ma u pravcu blagonaklonog stava prema ne-ljudskoj prirodi. Pristup zasnovan
na sposobnostima može inkorporirati značaj fizičkih i mentalnih kapaciteta
ne-ljudskih životinja, prihvaćajući ih kao vrijedne potpore. Također, perfekcio-
nizam objektivnih vrijednosti ili dobara može obuhvatiti odnos prema okolini,
prirodi i živim bićima, a što se može izraziti poznatim sloganom »Ostaviti
svijet boljim mjestom za život«. Kada se interpretira na ovaj način, perfek-
cionizam je kompatibilan s brigom o prirodi (environmentalizmom), kao i s
etičkom odgovornošću prema ne-ljudskim životinjama
Manjinski jezici u Republici Srbiji i Autonomnoj pokrajini Vojvodini: Skale jezičke politike i jezičkog planiranja
No full textU prvom delu poglavlja kritički se analizira politika obrazovanja na jezicima manjina na međunarodnoj, nacionalnoj i regionalnoj skali. Predstavljene su geografske, demografske i administrativne karakteristike Vojvodine, kao i kratak pregled istorije regiona i njegovih promenljivih režima jezičke politike, od 18. veka do savremenog doba. Zatim se razmatra savremena evropska jezička ideologija i politika, koja u velikoj meri oblikuje nacionalnu i regionalnu skalu. Središnji deo je posvećen manjinskoj jezičkoj politici u Srbiji i Autonomnoj pokrajini Vojvodini u domenu javne upotrebe jezika. Dat je uporedni pregled aktuelnih formi obrazovanja na manjinskim jezicima i ukazano je na izazove s kojima se suočava manjinska obrazovna politika i praksa. Drugi deo opisuje strukturu i sadržaj tematskog zbornika.The first part of the chapter critically analyzes the policy of education in minority languages at the international, national and regional scale. The geographical, demographic and administrative characteristics of Vojvodina are presented, as well as a brief overview of the history of the region and its changing language policy regimes, from the 18th century to the present day. Then, the contemporary European language ideology and politics which largely shape the national and regional scale are analyzed. The central part is dedicated to the minority language policy in Serbia and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the domain of public language use. A comparative overview of the current forms of education in minority languages is given, while pointing out the challenges that minority education is facing. The second part of the chapter describes the structure and content of the thematic collection
Posle rođenja/smrti Kanta/Deride
No full textIn this paper I explore some points of cross-over (as well as points of difference) between Kant’s framing of critique and Derrida’s deconstruction of this frame. I begin by situating the question concerning “where we stand now” in terms of some of Kant’s late (unpublished) thoughts on metaphysics and “Fortschritt” (stepping-forward and progress) in his “What Real Fortschritte has Metaphysics Made in Germany since the Time of Leibniz and Wolff?” I show how Kant inadvertently tears open a deconstructive space at the center of critique (a framing of a metaphysics of the future, of the to-come [Zukunft] which never properly comes) while eschewing an attempt to walk through it. With this in mind, I then read Derrida’s picking up of this tear in his discussions of the Parergon, Ergon and the hors d’oeuvres—the starter outside and before the main work—in The Truth in Painting. My aim is to unravel a view in which we can say simultaneously, perhaps metaphorically but also methodologically, that Derrida’s death frames Kant’s birth, and that the birth of deconstruction frames the death of critique.U ovom radu istražujem tačke preklapanja (kao i razlike) između Kantovog uokvirivanja kri tike i Deridine dekonstrukcije tog okvira. Počinjem situiranjem pitanja „gde se sada nalazimo“
kroz neke od Kantovih kasnih (neobjavljenih) misli o metafizici i „Fortschritt-u“ (napredovanju
i progresu) iz njegovog dela Kakve su stvarne napretke postigle metafizika u Nemačkoj od vre mena Lajbnica i Volfa? Pokazujem kako Kant nenamerno otvara dekonstruktivni prostor u
samom centru kritike (uokvirivanje metafizike budućnosti, onoga što dolazi [Zukunft], a što
nikada zaista ne dolazi), dok istovremeno izbegava pokušaj da kroz taj prostor prođe. Imajući
to u vidu, zatim analiziram Deridino preuzimanje ove pukotine kroz njegove diskusije o Pa rergonu, Ergonu i hors d’oeuvres—predjelu izvan i pre glavnog dela—u Istini u slikarstvu. Moj
cilj je da razjasnim perspektivu prema kojoj možemo istovremeno reći, možda metaforički,
ali i metodološki, da Deridina smrt uokviruje Kantovo rođenje i da rođenje dekonstrukcije
uokviruje smrt kritik
Future of Neural Networks and Energy Consumption Aspects
No full textIn this position paper, we provide a comprehensive presentation of the current state of Neural Networks (NNs), focusing specifically on their two primary branches: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). We commence with a historical review of the development of these two significant directions within the connections paradigm. This evaluation will include a detailed exploration of the prevailing problems impacting current ANNs and SNNs methodologies. Subsequently, we share our perspective on the potential resolution of some of these challenges. Our approach leverages biological SNN analogy methods and implements bio-SNN phenomena in leading-edge Artificial Intelligence technologies
Signs of consciousness in AI: Can GPT-3 tell how smart it really is?
No full textThe emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming how humans live and interact, raising both excitement and concerns—particularly about the potential for AI consciousness. For example, Google engineer Blake Lemoine suggested that the AI chatbot LaMDA might become sentient. At that time, GPT-3 was one of the most powerful publicly available language models, capable of simulating human reasoning to a certain extent. The notion of GPT-3 having some degree of consciousness could be linked to its ability to produce human-like responses, hinting at a basic level of understanding. To explore this further, we administered both objective and self-assessment tests of cognitive (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI) to GPT-3. Results showed that GPT-3 outperformed average humans on CI tests requiring the use and demonstration of acquired knowledge. However, its logical reasoning and EI capacities matched those of an average human. GPT-3’s self-assessments of CI and EI didn’t always align with its objective performance, with variations comparable to different human subsamples (e.g., high performers, males). A further discussion considered whether these results signal emerging subjectivity and self-awareness in AI. Future research should examine various language models to identify emergent properties of AI. The goal is not to discover machine consciousness itself, but to identify signs of its development, occurring independently of training and fine-tuning processes. If AI is to be further developed and widely deployed in human interactions, creating empathic AI that mimics human behavior is essential. The rapid advancement toward superintelligence requires continuous monitoring of AI’s human-like capabilities, particularly in general-purpose models, to ensure safety and alignment with human values
Choral Architects and Collective Intelligence : Interview with Carlo Ratti
No full textInterview with Carlo Ratti conducted by Zoran Erić, Željko Radinković, and Marko Ristić