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Filozofi su samo tumačili svet
No full textMany political philosophers happily repeat Marx’s Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach (inscribed on his gravestone) ‘The Philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways. The point, however, is to change it.’ Marx had a theory of change: proletarian revolution. But what theory of change is appropriate in current circumstances? In this paper I will consider the steps that typically foreshadow and lead to policy change and the potential for philosophy and philosophers to contribute.Mnogi politički filozofi rado ponavljaju Marksovu Jedanaestu tezu o Feuerbachu” (uklesanu
na njegovom nadgrobnom spomeniku): „Filozofi su samo različito tumačili svet. Suština je,
međutim, promeniti ga.“ Marks je imao teoriju promene: proletersku revoluciju. Ali koja teorija promene je prikladna u današnjim okolnostima? U ovom radu razmotriću korake koji
obično prethode i vode ka promeni politike, kao i potencijal filozofije i filozofa da doprinesu
tom procesu
Kees de Groot (ed.), Comics, Culture and Religion: Faith Imagined, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023
No full textTo believe or not to believe: Revolutionary politics between desire and belief
No full textThe student protests that have been ongoing in Serbia since November have brought about a significant shift in the perceptions and beliefs of the citizens. One widely observed change among those who follow and participate in these events is the transition from a thirteen-year-long state of apathy and resignation to a newfound sense of hope—even a certainty—about the possibility of change. This transformation resonates with one of Deleuze and Guattari’s central insights: that revolution is not merely a matter of political change but a fundamental shift in the way we think—and, as I will argue in my presentation, in the way we believe.
To this end, I aim to explore the significance of belief in Deleuze and Guattari’s oeuvre, focusing on the transition in their understanding of belief between Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus. In Anti-Oedipus, belief is framed in an exclusively negative light as a molar instance of representation that stabilizes the flows of desire. This is why Deleuze and Guattari insist that “schizoanalysis must devote itself with all its strength to the necessary destructions… of beliefs and representations” (AO, 314) as a precondition for revolutionary politics. However, I will show that even in Anti-Oedipus, under the influence of Pierre Clastres and in relation to the primitive territorial machine, belief serves a function in state-prevention mechanisms, particularly through ritual. This potential emancipatory role of belief disappears, however, in the despotic formations and, most notably, in the capitalist “age of cynicism,” where belief is reduced to a purely repressive function.
Yet, in A Thousand Plateaus, Deleuze and Guattari reevaluate belief, particularly through their engagement with Gabriel Tarde. This shift stems from a reconceptualization of belief’s function: whereas in Anti-Oedipus, belief is treated as a molar fixation of desire, in A Thousand Plateaus, it is understood in molecular terms, as a constitutive force alongside desire within assemblages. Based on this, I will argue that belief plays an essential—and ultimately positive—role in any revolutionary politics
‘TIPNIS somos todos’: Diskursi autohtonosti u okvirima i iznad okvira nacionalne građanske sfere
No full textThis paper explores the intersection of indigeneity, environmental conflicts, and global solidarities. Adopting a theoretical framework from the Strong Program of Cultural Sociology, this research examines how indigenous groups contesting environmental threats invoke a deep structure of discourse to cultivate solidarity beyond their communities at national and international levels. The TIPNIS (Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro-Sécure) conflict, where lowland Indigenous groups marched against a state-backed highway project, serves as a case study. Employing a hermeneutic approach, this study analyzes 160 op-eds and editorials from Bolivian newspapers, revealing how public discourse framed indigenous resistance within a moral structure of collectivist, environmental, and non-liberal motives. The findings contribute to understanding how the Indigenous Sphere interacts with and challenges frameworks of democracy and solidarity.U ovom radu se istražuje presek između autohtonosti, ekoloških sukoba i globalnih solidarnosti. Polazeći od teorijskog okvira jakog programa u kulturnoj sociologiji, u radu se ispituje kako se autohtone grupe koje se suprotstavljaju ekološkim pretnjama oslanjaju na duboku strukturu diskursa kako bi izgradile solidarnost koja nadilazi njihove zajednice, na nacionalnom i internacionalnom nivou. Sukobi oko Teritorije autohtonog stanovništva i nacionalnog parka Isiboro-Sécure (Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro-Sécure TIPNIS), prilikom kojih su autohtone grupe iz nizijskih područja marširale protiv državnog projekta izgradnje autoputa, predstavljaju studiju slučaja. Primenom hermeneutičkog pristupa, istraživanje analizira 160 autorskih tekstova i drugih priloga iz bolivijskih novina, otkrivajući kako je javni diskurs uokvirio autohtoni otpor unutar moralne strukture kolektivističkih, ekoloških i ne-liberalnih motiva. Nalazi istraživanja doprinose razumevanju načina na koji autohtona sfera interaguje sa okvirima demokratije i solidarnosti i dovodi ih u pitanje
A Cautious Pragmatic Amendment to the Vitruvian Paradigm
No full textVitruvius’s convenient firmitas, utilitas, venustas triad has
been employed since the Renaissance to encompass the goals of architecture. But these terms can be questioned: they were primarily useful to
Vitruvius in ordering his book and do not encompass all that was at issue for him and remains so for us today. Architecture is a discipline that
displays tacit knowledge, where best practice can only be shown, not described, accounting for the clumsiness of expression for which Vitruvius
is often criticised. I argue that the conventional triad undervalues location or context and, whereas firmitas and utilitas (suitably expanded)
may be measurable, and styles and even meanings can be discussed, venustas—understood as a demand for beauty in the abstract—is more like
an ethical requirement. We cannot blame Vitruvius for the fact that his
attractive tri-partite framework was adopted by Alberti and continues to
be used. But we can be permitted to think again whether there might be
a more appropriate set of terms that takes better account of the full complexity of the practice and interpretation of architecture
Kompozicija 1714999559698
No full textKompozicija je poklon Olivere Miljković (1935-2025) i sina Aleksandra Miljkovića (1975) Institutu za filozofiju i društvenu teorij
The Extended Reality of Contemporary Learning Experience: Living Within The Two Educational Mediaspheres
No full textTekst „Produžena stvarnost savremenog iskustva učenja: život u dve
obrazovne medijasfere“ tematizuje efekte produžene stvarnosti savremene dinamike učenja i podučavanja, posmatrajući dati proces u
kontekstu njegove pojavnosti na spoju dve medijasfere – materijalne
(tradicionalne – vezane za medijasfere pre digitalnog obrta) i hipersfere – hibridne medijasfere u kojoj digitalni prostori, stopljeni s kontinuirano zastupljenim materijalnim prostorima učenja, preuzimaju
primat. Cilj rada je da analizira povezanost tehnoloških promena
(koje posledično utiču na obrazovni sistem) i iskustva učenja, te da
sagleda polje učenja kao mesto medijacije poruka i informacija u celini biotehnoekosistema koji u ovom trenutku često prevazilazi materijalni aspekt učionice. Interdisciplinarno uvezujući znanja iz studija
medija i studija obrazovanja, rad teži teorijskom ispitivanju efekata
delovanja produžene stvarnosti u obrazovanju, imajući za uzor efekte
medija koji se nužno pojavljuju nakon većih tehnoloških promena i
deluju na društvene dinamike i procese. Ispitujući efekte otkrića,
pomame, spremnosti, džoginga i kraja, rad nudi strategije prepoznavanja ovih efekata u produženoj stvarnosti savremenog obrazovanja,
kao i neke od alata za prevazilaženje potencijalnih prepreka i izazova
na preseku dve obrazovne medijasfere.This paper focuses on contemporary learning experience nested within the extended reality of two educational mediaspheres – the material one, and the digital one. Both of these mediaspheres merge one into another, and with the lived reality, with which they form a tight interrelational dynamic. This means that the educational processes are always generated and developed inside the specific lived bioinfotechnological and communicational sphere – a mediasphere, that influences the understanding of what knowledge is, as well as the roles and positions of both its learners and educators. As the educational process can be seen as a part and a product of an active mediapshere, it can and should be analyzed together with the effects that the media have on the society and learning environments. As current educational processes are conducted through the hypersphere, as de-fined by Louise Merzeau (Merzeau 1998), where all the offline and online communica-tional bodies and spaces are extended (from the material to digital realm and vice ver-sa), the paper analyzes the contemporary learning experience as it transcends the spatial anchoring in well-defined material vs. digital classroom spaces, or as it tran-scends the classroom space altogether. Since this shift has not yet been fully recog-nized and thematized in the actual educational programs and methods due to a very fast technological development, the paper discusses possible consequences that are already visible in current learning spaces. Some of them, among others, include the lack of stimuli and motivation for learning, feeling of displaced realities in the learning realms, generational gaps, particularization of languages and communicational dis-courses, and ignorance of the totality of information that shapes the contemporary process of learning. These challenges are analyzed through the vehicle of the effects that emerge with every newly established technological reality – which then, of course, influences all the levels of informational mediation (Debray 1996). As the educational process can also be seen as a type of informational mediation for the purposes of learn-ing and knowledge application, these effects are tracked through their manifestations in the extended reality of contemporary educational experience. At the same time, some directions and recommendations for their recognition are given, together with the strategies of overcoming the possible obstacles stemming from these effects.To conclude and summarize, this paper aims to discuss the extended reality of contemporary learning experience in the hypersphere, mapping its challenges of both living and learning within the two intertwined educational mediapsheres – one being the material one with still more traditional educational approaches, and the other dig-ital and networked, in which the young generations already found their learning paths, patterns and niches. This discussion can hopefully lead to a better understanding of current lived experiences in learning, and add to a constructive basis for mending gen-erational, technological, and methodical gaps in education
Artificial Form of Life as the Discrimination Challenge for Education: Non-Human Intelligence and Schooling
No full textThe paper thematizes contemporary moment of humanity’s self-understanding in the
context of advanced technological development, by looking at it through the lens of one and the
same line (un)imaginability of artificial lifeform education. This perspective allows us to thematize
the problem of discrimination in both of its meanings – how to distinguish the human form
of life from others, in this case artificial forms of life, and how to ensure that this distinction does
not serve as a basis for degradation – in order to argue for the suspension of human narcissism
and suggest the possibility of their equality in access to education, and not only education. The
first part presents the challenges artificial intelligence and especially androids represent to the
traditional vision of the human, suggesting a necessity of its renewed examination and rearticulation
in the style of critical posthumanism. The middle section differentiates two potential as
well as typical reactions to the drama whose protagonists are humans and self-aware human-like
robots, both of which arose from a fear of losing a recognizable human identity. It is concluded
that, running parallel to changes in thinking humanity and the development of techno-science,
there have been changes in approaches to humanity’s artificial Other and the (im)possibility of
its education: from a fundamental rejection of such an idea that “soulless machines” might attend
school, through a softened stance that autonomous automatons might be capable of learning, to
allowing for the possibility that they even join humans in schools
Potraga za demokratskom srećom: Koje dimenzije drže ključ?
No full textThe majority of Europeans value living in a country governed by democratic principles. It is argued that the evaluation of democracy and satisfaction with it are pivotal for ensuring its functioning and sustainability. When asked about the importance of specific indicators of democracy, such as free and fair elections, equality before the courts, and freedom of the press, most respondents assign a high and comparable level of importance to each. However, the overall significance of democracy and its dimensions does not necessarily reflect the perceived quality of democracy within a given nation. To explore the determinants of satisfaction with the state of democracy while accounting for cross-national variation, a multilevel regression analysis is conducted, examining the impact of various factors on four dimensions of democratic evaluation — electoral, liberal, social, and direct — using comparative data from the ESS Round 10 Understandings and Evaluations of Democracy module. The results reveal significant disparities across dimensions of democracy, with Nordic countries leading and some Western Balkan and Eastern European countries lagging. They also underscore complex relationships between political efficacy and evaluations of democracy, showing a positive association with external efficacy, particularly in countries with higher political rights, and a negative association with internal efficacy, which diminishes in contexts of greater civil liberties.Većina Evropljana ceni život u zemlji kojom se upravlja prema demokratskim principima.
Smatra se da su procena demokratije i zadovoljstvo njenim funkcionisanjem ključni za njenu
održivost i efikasnost. Kada se ispitanicima postavi pitanje o važnosti određenih pokazatelja
demokratije, kao što su slobodni i fer izbori, jednakost pred sudovima i sloboda štampe, ve
ćina njih im pridaje visok i uporediv nivo značaja. Međutim, opšti značaj demokratije i njenih
dimenzija ne odražava nužno i opaženi kvalitet demokratije unutar određene države.
Kako bi se istražili faktori koji utiču na zadovoljstvo stanjem demokratije, uzimajući u
obzir međudržavne razlike, sprovedena je regresiona analiza na više nivoa. U okviru nje se
ispituje uticaj različitih faktora na četiri dimenzije demokratske procene—izbornu, liberalnu,
socijalnu i direktnu—koristeći uporedne podatke iz 10. talasa Evropskog društvenog istraži
vanja (ESS), modula Razumevanja i procene demokratije. Rezultati ukazuju na značajne ra
zlike među dimenzijama demokratije, pri čemu nordijske zemlje prednjače, dok neke zemlje
Zapadnog Balkana i Istočne Evrope zaostaju. Takođe se ističu složeni odnosi između političke
efikasnosti i procene demokratije, pokazujući pozitivnu povezanost sa spoljašnjom efikasno
šću, naročito u zemljama sa višim političkim pravima, i negativnu povezanost sa unutrašnjom
efikasnošću, koja slabi u kontekstu većih građanskih sloboda
Kriza demokratije u Poljskoj–da li ona utiče na subnacionalne nivoe?
No full textMost current studies on the democratic or de-democratic changes in Europe have concentrated so far on the national level, while they are also important at the local and regional levels. The article is aimed at investigating:
1) changes going in either democratic or autocratic direction within the subnational structures in a state as well as 2) their relationship with similar processes at the central level – focusing on the impact of the national tier on lower territorial levels. The case of Poland will be studied, focusing on the years 2015-2023 (the period of Law and Justice ruling in the country) but also taking into consideration previous years to identify a possible change concerning the investigated issues taking place since 2015.
The article presents a part of the research within the pilot project. It takes mainly a qualitative approach and is based on the following data sources: local media materials, data from mini survey, in-depth semi- structured interviews of sub-national politicians and national experts as well as data from focus group interviews – local journalists and NGOs members.Većina aktuelnih istraživanja o demokratskim i de-demokratskim promenama u Evropi do sada
se fokusirala na nacionalni nivo, iako su ovi procesi važni i na lokalnom i na regionalnom nivou. Cilj ovog članka je da ispita: 1) promene koje se dešavaju u demokratskom ili autokratskom pravcu unutar subnacionalnih struktura u jednoj državi, kao i 2) njihov odnos sa sličnim
procesima na centralnom nivou – sa fokusom na uticaj nacionalnog nivoa na niže teritorijalne
nivoe. Analiziran je slučaj Poljske, sa fokusom na period od 2015. do 2023. godine (period
vlasti partije Pravo i pravda), ali se uzimaju u obzir i prethodne godine kako bi se identifikovale
moguće promene u vezi sa pitanjima ovog istraživanja, a koje se događaju od 2015. godine.
Članak predstavlja deo istraživanja sprovedenog u okviru pilot projekta. Pretežno koristi
kvalitativni pristup i zasnovan je na sledećim izvorima podataka: materijalima lokalnih medija, podacima iz dubinskih polustrukturiranih intervjua sa subnacionalnim političarima i nacionalnim ekspertima, kao i podacima iz intervjua u fokus grupama sa lokalnim novinarima i
članovima nevladinih organizacija