University of Arts in Belgrade
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The Past, Present and Future of the U.S. Electoral College
No full textAuthor aims to explain the institutional framework of the United States presidential election. One of the unique features of American political system is the Electoral College – an indirect mechanism of voting in which the citizens’ votes are aggregated and weighted in relation to their federal entity (i.e. fifty states and one federal district). Throughout the paper, author will not only present historical genesis and basic settings of this electoral mechanism, but also examine the effects and consequences of the system through history, including a number of controversies contributing to the rising criticism and frequent calls to reform. In that sense, the main arguments in favor and against the reform of Electoral College will also be analyzed. Finally, the paper will conclude with a brief examination of system’s effects on strategies of presidential candidates and voting results in the outcome of 2016 election
Снижавање бирачког права на 16 година: Актуелна расправа и могући исходи
No full textРад се бави тематиком спуштања старосног изборног цензуса испод доба од осамнаест година, што је све приметнија тенденција у одређеним политичким системима. Иницијатива за снижавањем доба остваривања бирачког права долази не само од институција државе и различитих политичких странака, већ и од цивилних актера, међународних организација, па и академске заједнице. У том смислу, циљ рада је да представи актуелно стање у овој области: преглед држава које су учиниле одређене кораке по овом питању (и услова под којима је то учињено); затим, актуелну дебату по питању снижавања бирачког права, са анализом аргумената како заговорника, тако и противника снижавања на шеснаест година – те са посебним освртом на аргументе о утицају ове мере на кретање излазности на биралишта, у контексту све веће изборне апстиненције, проблема нарочито видљивог у појединим европским државама. Најзад, последња поглавља рада су прескриптивна и односе се на апстраховање потенцијалних модела снижавања старосног цензуса, са посебним освртом на могућности за увођење ове мере у контексту правно-политичког оквира какав постоји у Републици Србији. У том смислу, размотрена су и нека политичка и друштвена питања од значаја, која би се нужно јавила приликом хипотетичког спуштања старосне границе бирачког права на шеснаест година
Party system institutionalization in Serbia over the course of three consecutive parliamentary elections (2012, 2014, 2016)
No full textPolitical scientists often consider transitional party systems are less institutionalized than those in more developed democracies. In this context, the paper will examine the impact of different factors on the level of party system institutionalization in Serbia, over the course of three recent electoral cycles. For this purpose, authors will create Index of institutionalization, a tool for measuring the changes of relevant factors in three individual time points (2012, 2014, and 2016). Index will include: electoral volatility (vote transfer between the cycles); strength of party identification; strength of ideological and organizational linkages between voters and parties (as oppose to more personal links between voters and leaders); and level of trust in political parties. Moreover, not just due to the relatively large number of political parties in electoral competition, but also because of widespread tendency of excessive coalition making in Serbia, the index will also include factors determining the fragmentation of party system. The latter will be determined on the basis of measuring Laakso-Taagepera Index of effective political parties in legislature, calculated for 2012, 2014, and 2016. Depending on trends of the index, authors will draw conclusions on the process of party system institutionalization-in connection not just to the frequent elections, but also to the overall stability of Serbian political system
„Europe as Contre-Institution: Hospitality versus Sovereignty. Saint-Simon with Jacques Derrida [Evropa kao kontrainstitucija: Gostoprimstvo nasuprot suverenitetu. Sen-Simon sa Žakom Deridom]”
No full text"Die Gastfreundschaft ist die Kultur selbst", erklärte Derrida und meinte damit offenbar eine bejahte und unbedingte Aufgeschlossenheit, wohl wissend, dass sie politisch und rechtlich geregeltes Leben zu überfordern droht. Aber ist gelebte Europäität tatsächlich im Sinne einer gastlichen Kultur zu verstehen? Steht Europa heute für die Idee der Gastlichkeit? Oder wäre dieses Selbstverständnis der Gipfel historischer Selbstgerechtigkeit und interkultureller Arroganz obendrein? Der vorliegende Band lotet diese Fragen im Ausgang von Immanuel Kant, Hannah Arendt, Emmanuel Levinas und Jacques Derrida in historischen, rechtlichen, politischen und kulturellen Perspektiven aus. Er enthält zum einen Schlüsseltexte dieser Stichwortgeber für eine zeitgemäße Kulturtheorie und -philosophie der Gastfreundschaft und der Gastlichkeit und darüber hinaus in 31 Beiträgen systematisch-historische Rekonstruktionen dieser Begriffe und interdisziplinäre Analyse
The Forms of Social Engagement Regarding the Subject of Import
No full textMy aim is to draw attention to the different forms of social engagement
regarding the subject of import. The concept of import was introduced in the
theory of action by Bennet Helm. It denotes an intentional characteristic of an
object, to be viewed as worthy of pursuit or avoidance. However, according to
Helm, the subject of import could be: either an individual person, the other or
plural agent. Using this division in the context of social engagement, I propose
to distinguish three forms of social engagement: (1) personal social engagement,
(2) social engagement for the sake of others and (3) social engagement as togetherness. Social engagement as togetherness (plural agent) should not be
confused with plural action with the same goal-directedness (which is part of
personal social engagement). This argumentative step was enabled by Helm’s
complex theory about “us” as a subject of import, contrary to some contemporary
theorists who dispute the possibility of plural agents
A Question Mark over Education: Introduction into the Aporias of Contemporary Educational Theory and Praxis
No full textWhy Still Education? will appeal to researchers of education – scholars and students alike – in the fields of philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, andragogy, psychology, political theory, anthropology, and history, as well as experts in education management and educational practitioners, such as teachers and textbook authors. The question posed by the title is separated in the book into three more specific questions; the first of which, titled “Education for What?”, investigates the eternal issue the purpose of education. The second section, which examines the most appropriate approaches and expected outcomes for a child-centred perspective, is called “Education for Whom?”; and the third part, “Whose Education?”, takes national, gender and other subtle or self-explanatory characteristics of education and looks at them from the standpoint of discrimination. The volume offers nine different chapters, which provide illuminating and interesting answers to these questions, and, thus, allow them to be more thoroughly resolved and enable rational discourse about them
Liberalism between Politics and Epistemology: A Discussion of Alessandro Ferrara’s The Democratic Horizon: Hyperpluralism and the Renewal of Political Liberalism
No full textn this symposium, Alessandro Ferrara’s recent book The Democratic Horizon: Hyperpluralism and the Renewal of Political Liberalism – an attempt to expand the framework of Rawls’ political liberalism in order to enable it to meet the challenge of today’s hyperpluralism – is discussed from a variety of angles by four contributors. Among the themes addressed are the potential of political liberalism for grounding a critical attitude; the different potential for accommodation offered by political liberalism for religious and moral, as opposed to economic, pluralism; Rawls’ implicit understanding of truth; the prospects of true democracy in ethnically divided societies that embrace consociationalist and particularly consensualist forms of governance; and the proper role of human rights in paths from decency to democracy from the perspective of an expanded political liberalism. In the final section, Alessandro Ferrara replies to his critics and accepts some of their suggestions