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Сила, ненасилие и прекращение насилия
No full textВ книге, посвященной 190-летию со дня рождения Л.Н. Толстого, отечествен-
ные и зарубежные философы и филологи представили современное понимание
войны и мира, насилия и ненасилия, которые являются самыми навязчивыми и па-
радоксальными феноменами человеческого существования и сопровождают чело-
вечество с момента их появления и по сей день, принимая различные обличья: от
архаического набега и первобытной солидарности, жертвоприношения и «трубки
мира» до современных войн и мирных договоров, террористических актов и ми-
ротворческих акций. Идеи и теоретические позиции авторов часто не совпадают
и составляют полемический и диалогический контекст книги.
Издание адресовано специалистам в области философии, культурологии и по-
литологии, преподавателям и аспирантам вузов, всем интересующимся философи-
ей, историей культуры и литературы
Musical Works’ Repeatability, Audibility and Variability: A Dispositional Account
No full textThis paper is devoted to face recent views in the ontology of music that reject that musical works are repeatable in musical performances. It will be observed that musical works’ repeatability implies that they are audible and variable in their performances. To this extent, the aim here is to show that repeatability, audibility and variability are ontologically substantive features of musical works’ nature. The thesis that will be defended is that repeatability, audibility and variability are dispositional non-aesthetic properties of musical works. The plausibility of the dispositional account of musical works’ repeatability, audibility and variability will lead us to the conclusion that they are ontologically substantive features of musical works’ nature, and consequently, any suitable explanation of the ontology of musical works must not ignore them.Ovaj rad bavi se recentnim stanovištem u ontologiji muzike koje odriče da se muzička dela ponavljaju u izvođenjima muzike. Pokazaćemo da ponovljivost muzičkih dela podrazumeva da su ona audibilna i varijabilna u svojim izvođenjima. U tom pogledu, naš cilj je da pokažemo da su ponovljivost, audibilnost i varijabilnost ontološki supstancijalne odlike prirode muzičkih dela. Branićemo tezu da su ponovljivost, audibilnost i varijabilnost dispozicionalna i neestetska svojstva muzičkih dela. Plauziblinost dispozicionalnog pristupa ponovljivosti, audibilnosti i varijabilnosti muzičkih dela vodi zaključku da su u pitanju ontološki supstancijalne odlike prirode muzičkih dela, te da ih, posledično, nijedno adekvatno objašnjenje ontologije muzičkih dela ne sme zanemariti
The Ontology of Rock Music: Recordings, Performances and The Synthetic View
No full textThis paper discusses the state-of-the-art dispute over the ontological question of rock music: what is the work of art, or the central work-kind, of rock music, if any? And, is the work of rock music ontologically distinct from the work of classical music, which is the only musical tradition whose ontology is vastly studied? First, I distinguish between two levels of inquiry in musical ontology: the fundamental level and the higher-order level, in which comparative ontology – the project in which someone engages by considering that there is ontological variety among works of distinct musical traditions – falls. After addressing two general questions about rock music, I turn to Theodore Gracyk’s ontological account of rock music, according to which the primary focus of critical attention in rock music are recordings, or recorded tracks. This view has the consequence that ‘recordings’ is a fundamental concept of philosophy of music, necessary for us to understand rock music. Stephen Davies objected that Gracyk’s account fails to assign appropriate value to a valuable practice with which rock audiences are committed, live performance, and argued that the works of rock music are of the ontological kind for studio performance. Finally, Andrew Kania synthetized both views: rock recorded tracks are at the centre of rock as an art form, thus being the rock works. For, different reasons, none of these views is deemed satisfactory.Ovaj rad razmatra najnovije rasprave povodom ontološkog statusa rok muzike: šta je umet-ničko delo rok muzike, ili šta je osnovna vrsta dela rok muzike, ako takvo šta uopšte postoji? Dalje, da li je delo rok muzike ontološki različito od dela klasične muzike, koja predstavlja jedinu muzičku tradiciju čija se ontologija uveliko proučava? Najpre, u istraživanju ontologije muzike razlikovaćemo dva nivoa: osnovni nivo i nivo višeg reda, gde spada komparativna ontologija – projekat u koji se upuštamo kada razmatramo ontološku različitost dela zaseb-nih muzičkih tradicija. Nakon što postavimo dva opšta pitanja o rok muzici, posvetićemo se ontološkom razmatranju rok muzike Teodora Grejsika, prema kom su primarni fokus kritič-kog ispitivanja rok muzike snimci, odnosno snimljene numere. Ovo stanovište za posledicu ima da „snimci” postaju osnovni pojam filozofije muzike, nužan za razumevanje rok muzike. Stiven Dejvis prigovorio je da Grejsikovo stanovište ne pridaje dovoljno značaja važnoj praksi koju rok publika ceni – nastupu uživo, te je tvrdio da dela rok muzike pripadaju ontološkoj vrsti studijskog izvođenja. Napokon, Endrju Kanja spojio je obe perspektive: snimljene rok numere su u srži roka kao vrste umetnosti, što ih čini delima rok muzike. Iz različitih razloga, ni jedna od ovih pozicija nije zadovoljavajuća
Nasilna intencionalnost uzvišenoga
No full textOsnovno pitanje kojim se ovaj rad bavi je da li je i na koji način u Kantovoj teoriji uzvišenog objekat integrisan u osećajni doživljaj. Da bismo razumeli ovaj problem u radu se iznose Kantove ambivalentne tvrdnje, prvo o predmetu kao uzvišenom, te zatim o tome da uzvišeno u pravom smislu nije predmet koji se prosuđuje već stanje subjekta praćena još jačom tezom o besformnosti objekta, koja implicira da objekat ne može biti deo svesnog doživljaja. U nastavku rada razmatraćemo Kantovu tezu o subrepciji poštovanja prema vlastitoj odredbi sa onim prema objektu i njene različite interpretacije. Na kraju rada ponudiće se nešto drugačije moguće čitanje, koje bi mogli da pruži plauzibilniju sliku o intencionalnosti osećaja uzvišenog. Prema ovoj tezi Kant pokušava dostupnim jezikom da ukaže da u svesnom doživljaju nema objekta saznanja, međutim da se objekat konstituiše kao objekat nasilne emotivne intencionalnosti, podređivanja čulne prirode idejama uma.The main question in this paper is if (and how) in Kant’s theory of sublime the
object could be integrated into an emotional experience. In order to understand this
problem, the ambivalent Kant’s claims will be addressed: (1) about the object as sublime and (2) that correctly understood it is not an object, but the state of the subject
which is sublime. The latter thesis could be even strengthened with accompanying
claim about formlessness of the object, which implies that this object can not be a part
of conscious experience. Further, I will discuss Kant’s thesis about a subreption of a
respect for the object instead of for the idea of humanity in our subject, as well as
various interpretations of it. In the final part of the paper, I will introduce alternative
interpretation which could give us a more plausible outline about the intentionality of
the feeling of sublime. My claim is that Kant uses language available to him in order
to state that in sublime there is no object of cognition in conscious experience. However, the object is constituted as an object of the violent emotional intentionality – sensibility brought under ideas of reason
Koncepti uloge procene tehnologije između postulata neutralnosti i zahteva za stvaranje uticaja
No full textTechnology assessment (TA) has been evolving as a research-based and anticipatory field of scientific policy-advice for more than fifty years. Its position at the interface between science and policy-making has caused several debates on its adequate roles. Proposals reach from the position of a neutral and distant observer of ongoing developments up to taking an active role in transformation processes fueled by the technological advance, e.g. in favor of sustainable development. In this paper, several role concepts of TA will be discussed against the background of a new framework concept on technology assessment. It will be shown, that TA usually has to take the role of an Honest Broker in assessing new technologies as an umbrella role concept. The specific manifestations of this umbrella role, however, can vary from context to context. The role concept of the Honest Broker serves as an orientation to determine the more specific roles in the tension between assumed neutrality and the obligation to create impact.Procena tehnologije (TA) razvija se u poslednjih pedest godina sa osnovom u istraživanjima i polju predviđanja naučnih javnih politika. Ta pozicija na razmeđu između nauke i javnih politika je prouzrokovala nekoliko debata o njenim adekvatnim alatkama. Predlozi polaze od pozicije neutralnog i udaljenog posmatrača tekućeg razvitka do zauzimanja aktivne uloge u procesima transformacije potpomognutim tehnološkim napretcima, na primer, u korist održivog razvoja. U ovom radu, nekoliko koncepata uloge iz procene tehnologije će se diskutovati u okviru novog rama koncepta procene tehnologije. Pokazaću da PT često mora da zauzme ulogu Honest Broker u proceni tehnologije kao krovni koncept. Specifična pojavnost ove krovne uloge varira od konteksta do konteksta. Koncept Honest Broker služi kao orijentacija da se odredi specifičnija uloga u tenziji između takozvane neutralnosti i obaveze da se stvori uticaj
Ograničenja individualizacije roditeljstva u Srbiji: studija o rodnoj socijalizaciji dece
No full textThis paper seeks to explore the limits of individualizing parenthood in Serbia, gleaned from the example of gender socialization of children. The main thesis is that the noted limits to individualization of parenthood in contemporary society have a particular Serbian manifestation due to the country’s familism. The study traces the ideology of familism through normative aspects of gender structures within contemporary Serbian society, that is, by analyzing the presence and forms of expression of the patriarchal matrix in upbringing practices of parents, the most significant element of which is the ethics of good parenthood. The analysis shows that individualization of parenthood and more egalitarian patterns of gender socialization occur above all due to the dynamic within the marital relationship, one which abandons the concept of sacrificial parenthood. The analysis presented here is based on data collected in empirical research of upbringing practices in contemporary Serbia.Fokus ovog rada je na ispitivanju ograničenja individualizacije roditeljstva u Srbiji na primeru procesa rodne socijalizacije dece. Osnovna teza je da specifičnosti familističkog konteksta u kom se odvija porodični život u Srbiji, ograničavaju individualizaciju roditeljstva. Ideologija familizma u ovom radu se prati preko normativnih sadržaja rodnih poredaka u kontekstu savremenog društva Srbije, odnosno kroz analizu prisutnosti i načina ispoljavanja patrijarhalne matrice u vaspitnim praksama roditelja, pri čemu najvažniji element čini etika dobrog roditeljstva. Analiza pokazuje da individualizacija roditeljstva i egalitarniji obrasci rodne socijalizacije nastaju pre svega pod uticajem dinamike partnerskih odnosa u kojoj se transformiše koncept žrtvujućeg roditeljstva. Analiza u ovom radu je zasnovana na podacima prikupljenim u empirijskom istraživanju o vaspitnim praksama roditelja u savremenoj Srbiji
Komparativni standard u institucionalnoj epistemologiji
No full textWhich epistemic value is the standard according to which we ought to compare, assess and design institutional arrangements in terms of their epistemic properties? Two main options are agent development (in terms of individual epistemic virtues or capabilities) and attainment of truth. The options are presented through two authoritative contemporary accounts-agent development by Robert Talisse’s understanding in Democracy and Moral Conflict (2009) and attainment of truth by David Estlund’s treatment, most prominently in Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework (2008). Both options are shown to be unsatisfactory because they are subject to problematic risk of suboptimal epistemic state lock-in. The ability of the social epistemic system to revise suboptimal epistemic states is argued to be the best option for a comparative standard in institutional epistemology.Koja epistemološka vrednost je standard prema kome se trebaju upoređivati, procenjivati i
dizajnirati institucionalna uređenja s obzirom na njihova epistemološka svojstava? Dve klasične
opcije su razvoj agenata (u smislu individualnih epistemoloških vrlina ili sposobnosti) i
dostizanje istine. Opcije su predstavljene kroz dva autoritativna savremena iskaza – razvoj
agenata kroz rad Roberta Telisija u Democracy and Moral Conflict (2009), te dostizanje istine
kroz rad Dejvida Istlunda, najistaknutije u Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework
(2008). Ovaj članak pokazuje da su obe opcije nezadovoljavajuće jer su podložne problematičnom
riziku “zaglavljivanja” u suboptimalnom epistemološkom stanju. Članak argumentuje
da je sposobnost sistema da revidira suboptimalna epistemološka stanja najbolja opcija za
komparativni standard u institucionalnoj epistemologiji
Lyal S. Sunga (Noam Chomsky, Yugoslavia: Peace, War And Dissolution, Davor Džalto (ed.), PM Press, Oakland, 2018)
No full textIn this essay, the author reviews and critically assesses the book Yugoslavia: Peace, War, and Dissolution, authored by Noam Chomsky and edited by Davor Džalto. The author also points to the importance and value of the book for the field of political theory, international relations and Yugoslav studies, examining at the same time particular concepts (such as “genocide”) within the broader context of legal theory and international law
Jeremy Bell and Michael Nass (eds.), Plato’s Animals, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2015
No full textAleksandar Kandić
(Jeremy Bell and Michael Nass (eds.), Plato’s Animals, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2015
Struktura timova i projekata u velikim eksperimentima u oblasti fizike
No full textIdentifying optimal ways of organizing exploration in particle physics mega-labs is a challenging task that requires a combination of case-based and formal epistemic approaches. Data-driven studies suggest that projects pursued by smaller master-teams (fewer members, fewer sub-teams) are substantially more efficient than larger ones across sciences, including experimental particle physics. Smaller teams also seem to make better project choices than larger, centralized teams. Yet the epistemic requirement of small, decentralized, and diverse teams contradicts the often emphasized and allegedly inescapable logic of discovery that forces physicists pursuing the fundamental levels of the physical world to perform centralized experiments in mega-labs at high energies. We explain, however, that this epistemic requirement could be met, since the nature of theoretical and physical constraints in high energy physics and the technological obstacles stemming from them turn out to be surprisingly open-ended.Identifikovanje optimalnih načina organizovanja istraživanja u mega laboratorijama fizike če-stica je izazovan zadatak koji zahteva kombinaciju studija pojedinačnih slučajeva i pristupa formalne epistemičke analize. Studije zasnovane na podacima ukazuju na to da su projekti koje izvode manji master timovi (manji broj članova, manje pod-timova) znatno efikasniji od onih većih u različitim oblastima nauka, uključujući eksperimentalnu fiziku čestica. Manji ti-movi takođe prave bolje izbore projekata na kojima će raditi od većih, centralizovanih timova. Pa ipak, epistemički opravdani zahtev sa što manjim, decentralizovanim i raznolikim timova je u suprotnosti sa često naglašenom i navodno neizbežnom logikom otkrića koja prisiljava fizičare koji istražuju osnovne nivoe fizičkog sveta da izvode centralizovane eksperimente u mega-laboratorijama na veoma velikim energijama. Naš je argument, međutim, da bi taj epi-stemički zahtev mogao ipak biti ispunjen, jer su priroda teorijskih i fizičkih ograničenja u fizici visokih energija i tehnološke prepreke koje iz njih proizilaze iznenađujuće otvoreni