University of Arts in Belgrade
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Povratak strukturalnoj kritici: da li je sinteza kritike i krize ponovo moguća u „kasnom“ kapitalizmu?
No full textRetrospection and transformation of the phenomena of criticism and crisis in social theory in recent decades have led to the weakening and even “illegitimate” renunciation of the said doublet. The paper presents an analysis of the renewal of discourse on criticism/crisis and its effects with special consideration of the possibilities of structural criticism. We included several authors of recent analyses as well as the viewpoints that have led to reconsideration of historical and analytical dynamics of two categories, structure and conjuncture, as a form of analysis of current structural processes in terms of structural analysis and criticism. The paper comprises three parts. The first part is a reflection on the reason criticism and crisis have been subjected to different processes of derogation despite their original connection. In the second part, we show the effects of different ways that crisis has manifested itself in capitalism and explain its dispersive and “non-punctual” modalities. The third part raises the question of chances of reuniting the crisis and “immanent criticism” based on structural criticism, and we further articulate its connections with immanent criticism. Structural criticism is viewed as a connection between immanent criticism and transcendent orientation that is focused on the reconnection between crisis and criticism, the elements related to capitalism.Preispitivanje i transformacija fenomena kritike i krize u društvenoj teoriji su poslednjih de cenija doveli do slabljenja pa i do delegitimacijskog osporavanja navedenog dubleta. U radu
se razmatraju mogućnosti obnove diskursa o kritici/krizi s mogućim delatnim učincima, uz
poseban osvrt na mogućnosti strukturalne kritike.Različiti autori recentnih analiza se uzima ju u obzir, te se razmatraju stanovišta koja vode do ponovnog razmatranja istorijskog i ana litičkog dinamizma kategorija strukture i konjunkture kao razrade aktuelnih strukturalnih
procesa u terminima strukturalne analize i kritike. Rad se sastoji iz tri dela. U prvom delu
razmatramo zbog čega su kritika i kriza koje su izvorno spojene podvrgnuti različitim proce sima derogiranja. U drugom delu pokazujemo efekte promene načina ispoljavanja krize u
kapitalizmu, tačnije osvetljavamo njenu disperzivne i ne-punktualne modalitete. U trećem
delu postavljamo pitanje o šansama ponovnog spajanja krize i kritike na osnovu navigacije
strukturalne kritike, nadalje artikulišemo njene veze sa „imanentnom kritikom“. Strukturalna
kritika se analizira kao spoj između imanentne kritike i transcendentnog usmerenja koji radi
na reconnections between crisis and critique as the elements of relationship to capitalism
Politička i svetsko-istorijska hrabrost u Hegelovoj filozofiji
No full textThe aim of this article is to develop a distinction between two types of courage in Hegel’s philosophy: political and world-historical, in order to show the limitations of the former. The concept of political courage, or Tapferkeit, features in Hegel’s political philosophy, and signifies the wartime form of mutual trust required of the modern citizen for defense of an established constitution. World-historical courage, on the other hand, relates to the personal virtue of the ‘great individual’, which acts as a force of destruction against decaying constitutions. The article shows that political courage for Hegel serves as an alternative to the idea of the contract as the foundation of state unity. However, when placed in comparison with world-historical courage, political courage does not fully correspond to its concept as defined by Hegel. I begin with Hegel’s critique of Hobbes, his rejection of the social contract theory, and his introduction of the concept of Tapferkeit as an alternative principle of political unity. In the next step I show that world-historical courage differs but also shares many similarities with political courage, which taken together reveal the limitations of the latter. In the end, I argue that only in the instance of Hegel’s conception of total war do political and world-historical courage coincide.Cilj ovog članka je da se razvije razlika između dva tipa hrabrosti u Hegelovoj filozofiji: poli tičke i svetsko-istorijske, kako bih pokazao ograničenja prve. Koncept političke hrabrosti, ili
Tapferkeit, figurira u Hegelovoj političkoj filozofiji i označava ratni oblik međusobnog pove renja koji se zahteva od modernog građanina u svrhu odbrane uspostavljenog ustava. Svet sko-istorijska hrabrost, s druge strane, odnosi si se na ličnu vrlinu ,velike individue‘, koja de luje kao destruktivna sila protiv ustava koji su u procesu dezintegracije. Kao što ću pokazati,
politička hrabrost za Hegela služi kao alternativa ideji ugovora kao temelja državnog jedin stva. Međutim, kada se uporedi sa svetsko-istorijskom hrabrošću, politička hrabrost ne od govara u potpunosti svom pojmu kako ga definiše Hegel. U članku se prvo fokusiram na He gelovu kritiku Hobsa, njegovo odbacivanje teorije društvenog ugovora i uvođenje pojma
Tapferkeit kao alternativnog principa političkog jedinstva. U sledećem koraku pokazujem da
se svetsko-istorijska hrabrost razlikuje, ali i da deli mnoge sličnosti sa političkom hrabrošću,
što uzeto zajedno razotkriva ograničenja ove druge. Na kraju, tvrdim da se samo u slučaju
Hegelove koncepcije totalnog rata politička i svetsko-istorijska hrabrost poklapaju
Moaning and Wailing: Finding Meaning In Suffering Through Lamentation
No full textJadajućem govoru, kao svakodnevnoj ali i istorijski-kulturno svepri sutnoj pojavi, u ovom radu se pristupa kroz uporednu analizu feno mena svakodnevnog kukanja i estetizovanog lamenta. Distinkcije ra zličitih oblika nakukavanja se pre svega nalaze kroz njihov odnos
prema afektivnom životu individue. U tom cilju, rad se oslanja na psi hoanalitičke teorije reprezentacije i afekta, posebno rad A. Grina i
njegov doprinos psihoanalitičkom shvatanju afektivnosti u opštem
psihičkom životu. Pokazuje se da funkcija kuknjave može predstavlja ti opis doživljenog sveta osobe koji svedoči ono smisleno i autentično
u perspektivi lamentirajućeg subjekta. Sa druge strane, nemogućnost
suočavanja sa nadirućim pluralitetom smisla dovodi do odbrana vi dljivih u perpetuaciji kuknjave. U tom slučaju, jadajući govor umesto
osvedočavanja iskustva ima pokrivajuću funkciju. U nastavku rada
razmatraju se retoričke odlike oba modaliteta jadajućeg govora, kroz
pojam ekfraze (kao antičke retoričke figure opisa umetničkog dela).
Pitanje retoričkih efekata nadovezaće se na analizu pesničkog pojma
„sposobnosti za negativno“, iz pera pesnika Kitsa preuzetog u teoriji
psihoanalitičara V. Biona. Zbog nužnog manjkanja u osnovi jadajućeg
iskustva, negativna funkcija u govoru se pokazuje kao nužna za auten tičan opis gubitka i osujećenja. Rad se završava razmatranjem različi tih oblika lamentirajućeg odnosa prema sudbinskom stanju stvari,
kao i njihovih posledica, kroz uporednu analizu likova u dve poznate
drame Vilijama Šekspira, Hamleta i Kralja Lira.A psychological analysis must approach mournful speech, as an everyday but also his torically and culturally ubiquitous phenomenon, through a comparative analysis of the
phenomena of everyday wailing and aestheticized lamentation. The distinctions of
different forms of wailing are primarily found in their respective relationships to the
affective life of the individual. To this end, the investigation relies on psychoanalytic
theories of representation and affect, especially those found in the work of A. Green,
and his contribution to the psychoanalytic understanding of affectivity in general psy chic life. It is shown that whining and wailing can be used as an authentic description
of the world that is experienced, and as a testament to what is meaningful and authen tic from the perspective of the lamenting subject. On the other hand, the inability to
face the encroaching plurality of meaning also leads to the perpetuation of whining,
but now as a defensive structure. In that case, lamenting speech, instead of testifying
the authentic experience, serves as a cover or a screen, as the possible meaning pres ents the subject with something he is not ready to acknowledge. The next part of the
paper deals with the rhetorical foundations of both modalities of mournful speech,
analyzing them through the concept of ekphrasis (ancient rhetorical descriptions of
the work of visual art). For the wailing subject, the speech serves as a description of a
world that should be, and the suffering is a consequence of the disparity between the
real and the world that is longed for. The question of lamenting effects of speech will
be further explored through the analysis of the poetic term negative capability, invent ed by the poet J. Keats and used throughout the work of the psychoanalyst W. Bion.
Because of the necessary ontological lack underlying every distressing experience, the
negative function in speech proves necessary for an authentic description of loss and
frustration. The paper ends with a consideration of different forms of lamenting atti tudes toward the fateful state of affairs, as well as their consequences, through a com parative analysis of the characters in two well-known plays by William Shakespeare.
Hamlet and Edgar are taken as representatives of two different ways of engagement
with the tragic destiny (using the ideas put forward by Y. Bonnefoy), clearly seen through
the use of two different concepts in their respective speeches: for Hamlet, the answer
to the unchangeable destiny was readiness, while for Edgar it was ripeness
Na šta mislimo kada kažemo... ETIKA I VI: Etika i stavovi javnosti o upotrebi veštačke inteligencije
No full textOvaj predlog smernica u svojoj osnovi ima Strategiju razvoja
veštačke inteligencije u Republici Srbiji za period 2020–
2025. godine – kojom se utvrđuju ciljevi i mere za razvoj
veštačke inteligencije, Akcioni plan za period 2020-2022.
godine za primenu Strategije razvoja veštačke inteligencije
u Republici Srbiji za period 2020-2025. godine – koji
predstavlja dokument javne politike koji se donosi radi
operacionalizacije i ostvarivanja opšteg i posebnih ciljeva
predviđenih Strategijom razvoja veštačke inteligencije u
Republici Srbiji za period 2020–2025. godine, i rezultate
projekta Etika i VI: Etika i stavovi javnosti o upotrebi
veštačke inteligencije, koji je nastao u okviru programa Srbija i globalni izazovi: ka pravednijim i demokratskijim
javnim politikama, u organizaciji Fondacije za otvoreno
društvo Srbija u partnerstvu sa Institutom za filozofiju
i društvenu teoriju.Ova publikacija je nastala u okviru projekta “Program stipendija Fondacije za otvoreno društvo” koji realizuje Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju Univerziteta u Beogradu, uz podršku Fondacije za otvoreno društvo. Stavovi izrečeni u tekstu predstavljaju stavove autora
Analysis of fascism as a signifier in online editions of daily newspapers Danas and Informer
No full textThe socio-political context in Serbia is oversaturated with ideologically charged resources utilised in the construction of populist identities, such as the semiotic network around the concept of ‘fascism’. The practices of signifying a ‘fascist’ threat have become more complex with the surge of multimodal digital platforms. The media combine various expressive repertoires in materialising the multiplicity of meaning. Thus, social semiotics serve as a fitting theoretical starting point. One of the objectives of the research is to identify the plurality of discourses floating around the constructed ‘fascist’ constellation. In this research, content published on the websites of Serbian daily newspapers Danas and Informer is examined. The label ‘fascist’ functions as an exclusionary strategy in both instances; however, there are differences in portraying ‘fascist’ actors and institutional responses to its destructive potential. Moreover, respective styles and presentations of information, such as tabloidisation, are used to further legitimise the reality of the ‘fascist’ threat.Članak je proistekao iz master rada „Fašizam kao oznaka u političkom diskursu u onlajn izdanjima dnevnih listova „Danas" i „Informer"" koji je 27. oktobra 2021. godine odbranjen na Filozofskom fakultetu u Novom Sadu
Foucault’s Concept of Clinical Gaze Today
No full textЧланак испитује однос пацијента и лекара, анализирајући концепт клиничког погледа Мишела Фукоа (Michel Foucault). Аутори тврде да је током последњих деценија дошло до значајне промене друштвеног аспекта медицине, промене какве Фукоово разумевање клиничког погледа не може адекватно да објасни. У чланку је разрађена мрежа која се састоји од три елемента: клиничког погледа, клинике и нозологије, како би се објаснио положај лекара и пацијента у оквиру специфичне социјалне онтологије генерисане развојем медицине. Аутори затим расправљају о интензивном, али неизвесном, развоју који доноси технолошки напредак, а посебно рендгенска цев. На крају, аутори тврде да је у савременој клиници, опремљеној мноштвом софистицираних уређаја, положај лекара претрпео значајну промену у поређењу са Фукоовим схватањем клиничког погледа на почетку модерне медицине.The article examines the patient-doctor relationship, relying on Michel
Foucault’s concept of the clinical gaze. We argue that during the last decades, a
profound transformation of the social nature of medicine took place, one that
Foucault’s understanding of the clinical gaze cannot adequately account for.
First, the article offers an elaboration of the three-node network of clinical gaze,
the clinic, and nosology to explain the positioning of the doctor and the patient
within the specific social ontology generated by the rise of medicine. We then
discuss intensive but irresolute developments brought by technological advancements,
especially the X-ray tube. Finally, we argue that in the contemporary clinic,
equipped with a plethora of sophisticated devices, the position of the doctor endured
the most radical transformation in comparison with Foucault’s proponent
of the clinical gaze at the dawn of modern medicine.Objavljeni tekst je prevod teksta Ristić, Aleksandar, Adriana Zaharijević and Nenad Milčić (2020). Foucault’s Concept of Clinical Gaze Today. Health Care Analysis 29: 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-020-00402-
Authoritarian Regimes in Hungary and Serbia – a Comparative Approach
No full textThis chapter looks at the authoritarian regimes led by Viktor Orbán in Hungary
and Aleksandar Vučić in Serbia. We examine not only the obvious similarities
but also the significant differences between them. In terms of the interpretative framework adopted here, we will analyse political and economic
changes as mutually related processes. In other words, the transformations
in the general behaviour of political elites are addressed in conjunction with
the underlying social structures. Particular attention is paid to these regimes’
predecessors, i.e. the background to the Orbán and Vučić governments’ rise
to power. Specifically, in the 2000s, both the Hungarian and the Serbian
governing parties pursued policies that were both pretty undemocratic and
socially disastrous. Thus, the authoritarian so-called solutions offered by both
Orbán and Vučić during the 2010s were very much a supposedly necessary
response to the crisis of the 2000s. We place a great deal of emphasis on
the special methods used by the Orbán and Vučić governments to cling to
power. Following an analysis of economic issues, a section is devoted to their
divergent relationships with the European Union, set against the backdrop of a
broader international context. In spite of the fact that both Hungary and Serbia
are receiving considerable development assistance and financial support for
innovation (a substantial share of Hungary’s GDP comes from the EU), both
countries have tense relations with their Western partners, and they are also
facing severe criticism for their authoritarian policies. The chapter concludes
that the EU’s contradictory, paternalistic carrot-and-stick approach is partly
responsible for the deterioration of the situation. Finally, some cautious predictions are made about what the future might hold for Hungary and Serbia’s
authoritarian regimes, taking into account the potential drivers of emancipatory
change
The traditional vegetarians – improving attitudes toward vegetarians through emphasizing similarities between vegetarianism and traditional fasting
No full textThe modern choices of diet are often perceived at odds with the traditional worldviews. This study aimed to test the possibility of improving attitudes toward vegetarians by emphasizing the similarity between vegetarianism and religious fasting. We expected the effects of induction to be moderated by endorsement of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation (SDO-D and SDO-E). Participants (N = 246) were randomly divided into three groups that all read a text about a traditional birthday celebration. The control group read a text about the celebration with meat-based meals, one experimental group read about a celebration with meatless dishes. In the second experimental group it was emphasized that the host became a vegetarian after years of religious fasting. Both inductions improved attitudes toward vegetarians. Only SDO-D proved to be a significant moderator, with induction exhibiting a significant effect at higher levels of SDO-D. The findings inform public communications about reducing meat consumption
Filozofija tehnike od egzistencijskog racionalizma do umeća mogućeg
No full textTekst se bavi prikazivanjem dva moderna koncepta u filozofiji tehnike koje zastupaju Maks Benze (Max Bense) i Kristof Hubih (Christoph Hubig). Benzeof pristup se predstavlja kao nacrt egzistencijalističkog pristupa u pogledu odnošenja prema modernoj tehznologiji. Kada je reč o Hubihovoj filozofiji tehnike, naglašava se teza o teniciji kao medijalnosti sredstava