International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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The Comparison of Mindfulness and Type D Personality between women with Non-Cardiac Chest pain and Healthy Women in Tehran
No full textAim: Given the importance of psychological factors in the incidence of physical pains, the present study has been conducted for the purpose of comparing mindfulness and type D personality among women diagnosed with non-cardiac chest pain and healthy women of Tehran. Method: The present research is descriptive and of causative-comparative type. The sample includes 60 women with non-cardiac chest pain who were selected through accessibility sampling, from among the referrals to two hospitals and cardiac clinics that were compared with 60 women who had not chest pain and had the criteria for inclusion in the study. The participants responded to two questionnaires including the mindful attention awareness scale of Brown and Ryan (2003), and type D personality questionnaire of Denollet (1998). Findings: The results showed that the mean score for the scores of mindfulness and type D personality (negative affectivity and social inhibition) has significant difference (p < 0.05) between women with non-cardiac chest pain and healthy women of Tehran. Conclusion: Considering the results of the study, which represent the difference of mindfulness and type D personality in women with non-cardiac chest pain, compared to healthy subjects, it is suggested that psychological interventions also be used for treatment and recovery of this group of patients under the specialists' supervision
Depressive and anxiety symptoms of Iranian immigrants in Denmark: a comparison
Get PDFIntroduction: The first aim of present study was to compare the differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms among Iranian immigrants in Denmark, Iranians living in Iran and native Danes. The second aim was to investigate interactions between ethnicity/location, gender and employment in depressive and anxiety levels of participants.Methods: The study design was causal comparative. The sample size was 720 individuals, aged 18 to 45 selected through convenience sampling. All participants filled SCL-90 and demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA.Results: Native Iranians reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than immigrant Iranians and native Danes. Unemployed and female participants reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than employed and male participants. Interaction between ethnicity/location, employment and gender was significant in depressive and anxiety symptoms of participants.Discussion: Lower level of anxiety and depression among Iranians immigrants in Denmark and native Danes in comparison of Iranians living in Iran can be related to better social welfare system and high levels of flourishing in Danish society.Declaration of interest: Non
Predictive Role of Parental Acceptance, Rejection and Control in the Internet Addiction of the female students
Get PDFIntroduction: The consequences of the increasing use of the Internet for young people have became of interest for researchers in the field of sociology and psychology .The purpose of this study was to determine the role of parental acceptance, rejection, and control in Internet addiction of female students .The study population consisted of all female students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran .Methods: In which 262 individuals with a mean age of 24 years were selected in multi-stage cluster sampling. The method of study was descriptive and correlative type and questionnaires of "Internet Addiction Test (IAT)" and "scale of Parental Acceptance, Rejection and Control Questionnaire (PARCQ)" were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. Results: Results showed that the components of rejection, anger and ignorance of parents have a significant relationship with Internet addiction and there is an inverse significant relationship between the components of the acceptance and Internet addiction. However, no significant relationship was found between parental control and Internet addiction. The regression analysis showed that the variable of parental acceptance and ignorance has the most predictive role in girls' Internet addiction and paternal and maternal control component has no explanatory role in this model. Conclusion: The results showed that parenting style and parent-child interaction play an important roles in addictive tendencies of girls to the internet and we can use this component in prevention and intervention programs in this area
Review of literature on cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral parent training for aggressive behavior, and peer problem of children with conduct disorder
Get PDFIntroduction: This study provides an overview of interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral parent training for aggressive behavior, and peer problems of children with conduct disorder (CD) worldwide. Conduct disorder is one of the main externalizing disorders listed in DSM-5 among children and adolescents. Children with this disorder violate basic rights of others and other societal norms. The main symptom of conduct disorder is aggression. Aggressive behavior often results in being rejected by their peers (especially those with prosocial behaviors) and losing the opportunity for developing social skills. Methods: This study reviews the related studies on treatment of children with CD through the aforementioned methods conducted over the world. Most of the studies mainly focused on only children with conduct problems and only in a few of them parents of the children were involved as sources of data collection. Results: This review demonstrated that researchers worldwide investigate aggressive behavior of children with conduct problems vastly. It is also evident that more studies need to be conducted in both developed and developing countries to solve peer problems of children with CD. Conclusion: It is recommended that in developing countries studies based on making choices program need to be expanded. Declaration of interest: Non
Depressive disorder in rheumatoid arthritis: the more joint’s distressed, the more severely depressed
Get PDFIntroduction: To determine the prevalence of depressive disorder and it's related factors in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conductd from April 2013 to August 2014.A total of 81 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) were enrolled from Rheumatology Clinic, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan/ Iran. The Severety of depressive disorder was measured by Beck Depression Inventory, and the diagnosis of depressive disorder was confirmed in clinical interview by psychiatrist based on DSM-IV-TR. Results: Findings showed that more than half of the RA patients with depression 55.5 % had severe depression, the rest had Moderate and mild degree of depression, (16.7%) and (27.8%) respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between depression and age, sex, marital status, job, economic status, and joint deformity (P > 0.05). However, the relationship between depression and the number of affected joints was statistically significant (P = 0.02), those patients with seven or more affected joints had a higher rate of depression than those with six or less. Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of depressive disorder among those patients with rheumatoid arthritis early screening and treatment of depressive disorder is greatly recommended. Declaration of interest: Non
The Association between functional-emotional development and creative thinking in preschool children
Get PDFIntroduction: Considering that creativity is essential to adapt to today's complex world, identification of the affecting factors on the development of this way of thinking is one of the necessities of research area. Hence, the aim of present research is to investigate the relationship between emotional-functional development as a potential effective factor and the formation of creative thinking. Methods: 80 children and their mothers were selected from preschools of Mashhad City based on cluster sampling method. The level of creativity among children was measured through Torrance Test of Critical Thinking (TTCT: visual B-form). The mothers of children in sample group answered the Greenspan Social- Emotional Growth Chart. Results: Data analysis showed a significantly positive association between functional-emotional development and aspects of fluidity, expansion and innovation in two groups of male and female preschool children as verified in creativity test. The results of simple linear regression analysis also showed that functional-emotional development can predict 0.05 percent of variance in creativity. Based on the results of t-test for independent groups, there was no significant difference in the level of functional-emotional development and creative thinking among male and female preschool students. Conclusion: The findings of present study supports the theory of Greenspan (1997) regarding the significance of functional-emotional development in integrated development of human kind and emergence of higher levels of thinking. Declaration of Interest: None.
Roopa Language and Movement Integrative Program: a Biological Perspective on Child Education
No full textIntroduction: Children of the ages 5-6 are in a distinct educational condition. On the one side, they are biologically inclined toward movement and on the other side their parent’s preference toward straight and categorical education like second language starts. This study investigates the effect of Neshaat language and movement integrative program on children’s gross motor development and their second language (English) learning in Tehran. Methods: The sample included 50 boys and girls with the average age of (4.12± 1.32) who voluntarily participated in the study. In a semi-experimental method the children were randomly divided into one experimental group (n=25) and one control group (n=25). The experimental group attended the Neshaat program for 3 months (2 sessions in a week) and the control group also carried out the second language learning process with the same material conventionally, i.e. learning language without movement in a class. The data were analyzed though dependent and independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (=α0.05).Results: The results showed that this integrative program significantly increased the children’s gross motor development and improved the children’s second language learning.Conclusion: this study is the same line with the total physical theory in second language learning and ecological theory in motor development
Attenuation of haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia by ginkgo biloba extract
Get PDF Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. Increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress has been proposed as possible etiopathologic mechanisms. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) is a natural antioxidant. We investigated the effects of ginkgo biloba extract on neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats, a potential animal model for tardive dyskinesia.Methods: Orofacial dyskinesia was induced by chronic administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p) for a period of 21 days. On 22nd day, animals were assessed for development of oral dyskinesia. Malon di aldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels were evaluated in animal forebrain homogenate.Results: Chronic haloperidol (1 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased the vacuous chewing movement’s frequency, increased MDA and decreased SOD and catalase levels. Co-administration of EGB 25 mg/kg along with haloperidol suppressed the haloperidol induced vacuous chewing movements (Pvalue < 0.05). EGB 100 mg/kg reversed haloperidol induced reduction in SOD level. It also reversed the increment in MDA level observed in haloperidol treated rats.Conclusion: The present study suggested that oxidative stress plays a significant role in neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia and EGB co-administration reverses these behavioral and biochemical changes.Declaration Interest: None
Explaining the Psychological Symptoms in Students Based on the Gray’s Biological Models of Personality
No full textBackground: Gray`s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) presupposes individual differences in the sensitivity of basic brain systems that respond to punishing and reinforcing stimuli. These differences are thought to underlie the personality dimensions of anxiety and impulsivity, and to have relevance for psychopathology. The present study aims at studying the relationship between behavioural inhibition/activation systems and psychological symptoms. Methods: In this regard, 361 students (205 boys-156 girls) in Tabriz University were selected by cluster sampling method and then tested by symptom Check List -90-R (SCL-90-R) and Inventory of behaviour inhibition/ activation systems. The data were analyzed using by software SPSS-16 and Pearson Correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression. Results: The results show that Behavioural inhibition system has a significant relationship with all the 9 symptoms (P < 0.05). Also, regression results shows that 0/01 of experience of symptoms were explained by Behavioural inhibition system (BIS). Conclusion: It seems that the behavioural inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) are one of the important components in explaining psychological symptoms, especially in youth
The efficacy of group reality therapy on reducing stress, anxiety and depression in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Get PDFBackground and objective: Psychological aspects of chronic diseases has attracted many professionals. Because the incidence of sudden and uncontrollable symptoms of many diseases, causing stress and create a variety of negative emotions and mood in patients'. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy in reduceing stress, anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: This study is semi-experimental with pretest-post test and control group. The Research community included all MS patients referred to MS Society of iran in tehran. That was the beginning of the DASS-21 questionnaire. Among those who score high on this scale had a mean of 40 was selected and Randomly divided and assigned into two experimental and control groups (N=20 subjects) and matched control group (20 subjects) were replaced by the two groups. Both group were tested in the pre-test and post-test. The data of pre-test and post-test were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). Findings: Findings showed a significant reduction in the mean of the three variables of stress (F(1,38)= 81.37 ; P<0.01), anxiety (F(1,38)= 81.89 ; P<0.01) and depression (F(1,38)= 82.56 ; P<0.01) in the experimental group after the intervention (P <0/05). Conclusion: in this study group reality therapy significantly reduces stress, anxiety and depression in the intervention group compared with the control group . The reality therapy can be effective therapy in the treatment of stress, anxiety and depression in patients with MS and as an adjunct to other therapies.