Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology
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Pemanfaatan Citra Sentinel-2 Untuk Pemetaan Sebaran Total Suspended Solids (TSS) di Muara Sungai Porong Sidoarjo
No full textABSTRAKMuatan padatan yang terlarut dalam air (Total Suspended Solids) merupakan salah satu fenomena yang dapat mempengaruhi sifat optik perairan laut dan dapat diobservasi melalui teknik penginderaan jauh. Tingginya konsentrasi TSS dalam suatu badan perairan dapat menghambat laju fotosintesis, sehingga mengurangi kandungan oksigen terlarut dan berdampak negatif terhadap metabolisme biota akuatik. Penelitian dilakukan di perairan muara Sungai Porong Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui perubahan multi-temporal konsentrasi TSS yang diduga disebabkan oleh tingginya sedimentasi di muara sungai dan (2) menguji hasil pengukuran TSS berdasarkan hasil penginderaan jauh dan data lapang. Citra satelit yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Citra Sentinel-2 akuisisi tahun 2020 sampai dengan 2023. Algoritma yang digunakan untuk estimasi nilai TSS adalah algoritma Liu, Parwati, Laili dan Syarif. Sebanyak 25 titik sampling digunakan untuk perbandingan dan validasi data TSS hasil pengolahan citra dengan pengukuran lapang.Uji akurasi dilakukan mengugunakan 3 parameter yaitu RMSE, MAE dan MAPE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran nilai TSS in-situ berada pada kisaran 48-366 mg/L. Sementara itu, kisaran rata-rata nilai TSS yang diperoleh dari 4 algoritma antara 50 – 250 mg/L. Uji akurasi hasil pengukuran TSS in-situ dibandingkan dengan hasil pengolahan citra satelit mendapatkan nilai MAPE yang bervariasi antara 14.8% - 50.3%. Algoritma Liu menunjukkan hasil nilai TSS yang cukup mewakili pengukuran lapang (R2=0.75). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa citra satelit dapat digunakan untuk mengestimasi konsentrasi TSS di perairan dengan akurasi yang sedang. Modifikasi algoritma atau pre-processing pada tahap awal pengolahan citra dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan akurasi pengukuran. Kata kunci: muatan padat terlarut; algoritma; citra Sentinel-2; multi temporal; ABSTRACTTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) is a phenomenon that can affect the optical properties of marine waters and can be observed through remote sensing techniques. High concentrations of TSS in a body of water can inhibit photosynthesis, which reduces the dissolved oxygen content and negatively impacts the metabolism of aquatic biota. This study was conducted in the estuarine waters of the Porong River in Sidoarjo Regency. The objectives were (1) to determine multi-temporal changes in TSS concentrations believed to be caused by high sedimentation in the estuary and (2) to evaluate TSS measurements derived from remote sensing against field data. The satellite imagery utilized in this study consisted of Sentinel-2 images acquired from 2020 to 2023. The algorithm employed to estimate TSS values was the Liu, Parwati, Laili, and Syarif algorithm. A total of 25 sampling points were established for comparison and validation of TSS data from image processing and field measurements. Accuracy tests were conducted using three parameters: RMSE, MAE, and MAPE. The study's results indicated that in situ TSS values ranged from 48 to 366 mg/L. In contrast, the average TSS values derived from the four algorithms ranged from 50 to 250 mg/L. The accuracy test comparing in situ TSS measurements with satellite image processing results yielded MAPE values between 14.8% and 50.3%. The Liu algorithm produced TSS values that were fairly representative of field measurements (R² = 0.75). This study demonstrates that satellite imagery can be used to estimate TSS concentrations in water bodies with moderate accuracy. Improvements to the algorithm or preprocessing during the initial stages of image processing may enhance measurement accuracy.Keywords: total suspended solids, algorithm, Sentinel-2 images; multi-tempora
Identifikasi Holothuria atra pada Ekosistem Lamun di Pulau Cemara Kecil Taman Nasional Karimunjawa
No full textABSTRAKEchinodermata termasuk komponen keanekaragaman hayati yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui morfologi, anatomi, habitat, serta hubungan antara faktor fisika kimia perairan terhadap jumlah Holothuria atra di perairan Pulau Cemara Kecil Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode observasi dengan analisis statistik kuantitatif. Metode observasi merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis sampel di lapangan serta di laboratorium. Penentuan stasiun secara systematic random sampling dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan ekosistem padang lamun sebagai habitat utama teripang. Sampel teripang diidentifikasi dan sampel sedimen dilakukan analisis butir sedimen. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan guna mengetahui pengaruh tutupan lamun terhadap kelimpahan teripang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan spesies Holothuria atra dengan tubuh berbentuk bulat dengan warna hitam terdiri atas mulut, tentakel, faring, esofagus, stomach, usus, gonad, cloaca, dan anus. Berat tubuh teripang yang ditemukan yaitu 192 - 411 gram, panjang tubuh 17 - 23 cm, lebar badan 4 - 7,6 cm, dan panjang ususnya 68,58 - 78,8 cm. Habitat dari teripang Holothuria atra berupa sedimen berpasir kasar (0,5 mm) yaitu sebesar 54 % dan pasir halus (0,125 mm) 44,9%. Hubungan antara kelimpahan teripang dengan nilai tutupan lamun didapatkan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,024 termasuk kategori lemah dan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,15 termasuk kategori sangat lemah. Sedangkan parameter kualitas air optimal untuk pertumbuhan teripang dan lamun.Kata kunci: Echinodermata, Holothuria atra, Kelimpahan, Lamun, Teripang.ABSTRACTEchinoderms are one of components of marine biodiversity that play an important role in ecosystem function.This study aims to determine the morphology, anatomy, habitat, and relationship between physical, chemical factors in the waters and the number of Holothuria atra Cemara Kecil Island, Karimunjawa National Park. The method in this study is the observation method with quantitative statistical analysis. The observation method is a method used to analyze samples in the field and in the laboratory. Determination of stations by systematic random sampling by considering the the existence of seagrass ecosystems as the main habitat of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumber samples were identified and sediment samples were analyzed for sediment grains. Quantitative analysis was conducted to determine of seagrass cover influence on sea cucumber abundance.The results showed that the species Holothuria atra was found with a round body with a black color consisting of a mouth, tentacles, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gonads, cloaca and anus. The body weight 192-411 grams, body length of 17-23 cm, body width 4-7.6 cm, and intestine length in the range of 68.58-78.8 cm. The habitat of the sea cucumber Holothuria atra is coarse sand (0.5 mm) sediment which is equal to 54% and fine sand (0.125 mm) 44.9%. The relationship between revealing sea cucumbers and the seagrass cover value obtained a determination coefficient value of 0.024 including the weak category and a correlation coefficient of 0.15 including the very weak category. Meanwhile, air quality parameters are optimal for the growth of sea cucumbers and seagrass.Keywords: Abundance; Echinodermata, Holothuria atra, Seagrass, Sea Cucumber
Analisis Pengaruh Tekanan Udara, Kelembaban, dan Suhu Udara terhadap Curah Hujan di Kota Bengkulu selama El Niño 2023
No full textABSTRAKFenomena El Niño sangat memengaruhi dinamika atmosfer, meliputi variabel seperti tekanan udara, kelembaban, dan suhu, sehingga memengaruhi pola presipitasi di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tekanan udara, kelembaban udara, dan suhu udara terhadap pola curah hujan dari tahun 2019 hingga 2023, dengan fokus pada fenomena El Niño yang terjadi pada tahun 2023. Data diperoleh dari Stasiun Klimatologi Bengkulu dan Stasiun Meteorologi Fatmawati Soekarno, serta data Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) dari NOAA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda, yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara suhu udara, tekanan udara, dan kelembaban udara di Stasiun Klimatologi, dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,54. Sebaliknya, parameter cuaca di Stasiun Meteorologi memiliki koefisien korelasi yang lebih rendah, yaitu 0,42. Hasil ini menyatakan bahwa adanya varians dalam hubungan antara variabel meteorologi tersebut di berbagai lokasi pengamatan. Hal ini mengonfirmasi bahwa El Niño menyebabkan penurunan curah hujan akibat meningkatnya suhu dan tekanan udara, serta berkurangnya kelembaban. Penelitian ini berpotensi menyediakan kerangka dasar untuk mengurangi dampak buruk kekeringan akibat perubahan iklim di wilayah Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci : Suhu Udara, Kelembaban, Tekanan, Curah Hujan, El Nino.ABSTRACTThe El Niño phenomenon significantly influences atmospheric dynamics, including factors like as air pressure, humidity, and temperature, hence impacting precipitation patterns in Bengkulu City. This study seeks to ascertain the correlation between air pressure, humidity, and temperature concerning rainfall patterns from 2019 to 2023, emphasising the El Niño phenomena of 2023. Data were acquired from the Bengkulu Climatology Station, the Fatmawati Soekarno Meteorology Station, and the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) data provided by NOAA. This research employed a descriptive methodology and multiple linear regression analysis conducted via Microsoft Excel. The findings indicated a substantial association among air temperature, air pressure, and air humidity at the Climatology Station, with a correlation coefficient of 0.54. The Meteorology Station exhibited a lower correlation coefficient of 0.42 for the identical parameters. The results demonstrate variability in the correlation among these meteorological variables across different observation sites. The results indicate that El Niño leads to less precipitation owing to elevated temperature and air pressure, together with diminished humidity. This research may establish a foundational paradigm for alleviating the detrimental effects of climate change-induced droughts in coastal regions.Keywords: Air Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Rainfall, El Nino
Potensi Antifouling Ekstrak Teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) Terhadap Bakteri Biofilm Di Beton Perairan Jembatan Suramadu
No full textABSTRAKPenempelan biota pada permukaan beton diawali dengan tahapan penempelan koloni bakteri dan mikroalga (biofilm). Fenomena ini terjadi pula pada beton di jembatan Suramadu. Biofilm yang nantinya berkembang menjadi makrofouling rentan menimbulkan kerusakan sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk menghambat penempelan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kemampuan antifouling ekstrak teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) terhadap biofilm yang muncul di perairan jembatan Suramadu. Pengambilan sampel biofilm didapatkan dari permukaan rendaman beton di perairan jembatan Suramadu. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari identifikasi bakteri biofilm secara morfologi, pembuatan ekstrak teripang dan pengujian antifouling dengan uji fitokimia dan uji zona hambat. Uji zona hambat ekstrak teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) dilakukan dengan hasil rendemen sebesar 5,64% dengan 2 variasi ekstrak uji yaitu 100% ekstrak dan 50% ekstrak. Bakteri biofilm diketahui terdiri dari bakteri gram positif kokus, gram positif basil, gram negatif kokus dan tidak ditemukan gram negatif basil. Hasil uji fitokimia sebagai agen antifouling yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm antara lain fitokimia alkaloid, flavonoid dan terpernoid. Tingkat hambat ekstrak dengan kategori kuat ditemukan pada variasi ekstrak 100% yaitu 2,34–10,92 mm pada 5 isolat, pada ekstrak 50% zona hambat pada kategori lemah. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya potensi penggunaan ektrak teripang (Phyllophorus sp.) terhadap biofilm yang muncul di perairan jembatan Suramadu.Kata kunci: Antifouling, Biofilm, Biofouling, Ekstrak Teripang, Jembatan SuramaduABSTRACTBiofouling on the concrete surface begins with the adhesion of bacterial and microalgae colonies (biofilm). This phenomenon also occurs on the concrete of the Suramadu Bridge. Biofilms, which eventually develop into macrofouling, are prone to causing damage, necessitating efforts to inhibit biofilm attachment. This study aims to analyze the antifouling potential of sea cucumber extract (Phyllophorus sp.) against biofilms found in the waters of the Suramadu Bridge. Biofilm samples were obtained from the surface of concrete submerged in the waters around the Suramadu Bridge. The research stages included the morphological identification of biofilm bacteria, preparation of sea cucumber extract, and antifouling testing through phytochemical analysis and inhibition zone tests. The inhibition zone test of the sea cucumber extract (Phyllophorus sp.) yielded a 5.64% extract with two variations tested: 100% extract and 50% extract. The biofilm bacteria were identified as gram-positive coccus, gram-positive bacilli, gram-negative coccus, but none of gram-negative bacilli found. The phytochemical analysis indicated that alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the extract served as antifouling agents capable of inhibiting biofilm growth. A strong inhibition was observed in the 100% extract variation by the diameter 2,34 – 10,92 mm for 5 isolats, while the 50% extract showed weak inhibition. These results demonstrate the potential use of sea cucumber extract (Phyllophorus sp.) in controlling biofilm formation in the waters surrounding the Suramadu Bridge..Keyword: Antifouling, Biofilm, Biofouling, Sea Cucumber Extract, Suramadu Bridg
Analisis Potensi Antioksidan Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Sargassum sp.) Sebagai Produk Body Lotion
No full textABSTRAKRumput laut kaya akan senyawa bioaktif, terutama senyawa fenol dan turunannya yang berfungsi sebagai mekanisme pertahanan terhadap lingkungan ekstrim. Senyawa bioaktif ini memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang ditemukan dalam rumput laut. Antioksidan dalam kosmetik berfungsi untuk mencegah oksidasi yang dapat merusak formulasi kosmetik dan menangkal efek buruk radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kulit seperti kemerahan, kekeringan, dan pecah-pecah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan antioksidan dalam body lotion berbahan dasar rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) dan (Sargassum sp.) menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), dengan pengukuran yang dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa body lotion berbahan dasar rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) dan (Sargassum sp.) mengandung antioksidan, yang ditunjukkan oleh perubahan warna dari ungu menjadi kuning pucat setelah didiamkan selama 30 menit. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC₅₀ formulasi terbaik (F3) sebesar 36,36 ppm, yang termasuk kategori aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat. Sebagai pembanding, nilai IC₅₀ F0 sebesar 24.237,50 ppm, F1 sebesar 49,80 ppm, dan F2 sebesar 49,75 ppm yang menunjukkan bahwa body lotion berbahan dasar rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) dan (Sargassum sp.) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Temuan ini memiliki signifikansi praktis bagi industri kosmetik sebagai alternatif bahan antioksidan alami yang ramah lingkungan, sekaligus berpotensi meningkatkan nilai tambah ekonomi masyarakat pesisir melalui pemanfaatan rumput laut lokal Kata kunci: Rumput laut, Antioksidan, body lotionABSTRACTSeaweed is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds and their derivatives, which serve as defense mechanisms against extreme environments. These bioactive compounds possess antioxidant activity found in seaweed. Antioxidants in cosmetics function to prevent oxidation that can damage cosmetic formulations and counteract the adverse effects of free radicals that can cause skin damage such as redness, dryness, and cracking. The aim of this study is to analyze the antioxidant content in seaweed-based body lotion (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and (Sargassum sp.) using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, with measurements conducted using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 517 nm. The research results show that seaweed-based body lotion (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and (Sargassum sp.) contain antioxidants, as indicated by a color change from purple to pale yellow after being allowed to stand for 30 minutes. The antioxidant activity test showed that the IC₅₀ value of the best formulation (F3) was 36.36 ppm, which falls into the category of very strong antioxidant activity. For comparison, the IC₅₀ values of F0, F1, and F2 were 24,237.50 ppm, 49.80 ppm, and 49.75 ppm, respectively, indicating that the seaweed-based body lotion (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Sargassum sp.) possesses very strong antioxidant activity. This finding has practical significance for the cosmetics industry as an eco-friendly alternative source of natural antioxidants, while also offering the potential to enhance the economic value of coastal communities through the utilization of local seaweed. Keywords: Seaweed, Antioxidants, body lotio
Karakteristik Massa Air Berdasarkan Data Argo Float Di Laut Banda
No full textABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik massa air di Laut Banda dengan memanfaatkan data dari Argo Float. Sebagai laut terdalam yang krusial bagi dinamika Arus Lintas Indonesia (ARLINDO), monitoring in-situ hingga kedalaman ribuan meter di wilayah ini menjadi tantangan. Oleh karena itu, Argo Float merupakan instrumen krusial untuk menyediakan data suhu, salinitas, dan densitas secara real-time. Penelitian ini menggunakan 108 profil Argo Float (WMO ID_6901747) terkini untuk memetakan massa air utama Laut Banda secara musiman yang jarang dilakukan di studi-studi sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa massa air di Laut Banda terdiri dari beberapa tipe utama, yaitu North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW), South Pacific Subtropical Lower Thermocline Water (SPLTW), North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), dan Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). Variasi suhu, salinitas, dan densitas menunjukkan bahwa pada musim timur (September), nilai yang terukur berada dalam rentang 4,6 – 27,5°C; 34,2 – 34,6 PSU; dan 21,9 – 27,4 kg/m³. Sementara itu, pada musim barat (Maret) pada kedalaman yang sama, kisarannya adalah 4,6 – 29,9°C; 32,6 – 34,6 PSU; dan 20,1 – 27,4 kg/m³. Frekuensi Brunt-Vaisala yang terukur selama musim timur berkisar antara -2,3 hingga 22 siklus per jam, sedangkan pada musim barat berkisar antara -2,6 hingga 32,2 siklus per jam, dengan distribusi yang berbeda antara kedua musim tersebut.Kata Kunci: Temperatur, Salinitas, Densitas, Argo Float, Laut BandaABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the characteristics of water masses in the Banda Sea using data obtained from Argo Floats. As the deepest sea basin that plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), conducting in-situ monitoring down to thousands of meters depth in this region presents significant challenges. Therefore, Argo Floats serve as essential instruments for providing real-time temperature, salinity, and density data. This research utilizes 108 recent Argo Float profiles (WMO ID_6901747) to map the seasonal distribution of the major water masses in the Banda Sea, an approach that has been rarely undertaken in previous studies. The results reveal that the water masses consist of several key types, namely North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW), South Pacific Subtropical Lower Thermocline Water (SPLTW), North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). Variations in temperature, salinity, and density indicate that during the east monsoon (September), the measured ranges are 4.6–27.5°C, 34.2–34.6 PSU, and 21.9–27.4 kg/m³, respectively. Meanwhile, during the west monsoon (March) at similar depths, the ranges are 4.6–29.9°C, 32.6–34.6 PSU, and 20.1–27.4 kg/m³. The Brunt–Väisälä frequency measured during the east monsoon ranges from –2.3 to 22 cycles per hour, while during the west monsoon it ranges from –2.6 to 32.2 cycles per hour, exhibiting distinct seasonal distribution patterns. Keywords: Temperature, Salinity, Density, Argo Float, Banda Se
Pemetaan Sebaran Suhu Permukaan Laut Dan Klorofil-a Menggunakan Data Citra Satelit Aqua Modis Di Perairan Selat Makassar
No full textABSTRAKSuhu permukaan laut dan korofil-a merupakan salah satu parameter terpenting dalam perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memetakan dan menghitung rata-rata sebaran suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a di perairan Selat Makassar. Pengambilan data suhu dan klorofil-a dilakukan selam dua bulan dari tanggal 14 Agustus-14 Oktober 2023. Data suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a berasal dari citra satelit Aqua MODIS selama Januari-Desember 2022. Metode penelitian secara deskriptif. Data citra di olah di aplikasi SeaDAS dengan melakukan pemotongan citra dan koreksi geometrik, kemudian olah kembali di aplikasi ArcGIS untuk pembutan Layout peta. Konsentrasi suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a selama satu tahun di perairan Selat Makassar memiliki rata-rata sebaran suhu sebesar 29,72°C - 31,04°C, dan rata-rata sebaran klorofil-a sebesar 0,286 mg/m3 - 0,627 mg/m3. Rata-rata sebaran suhu tertinggi pada tahun 2020 ditemukan pada bulan April sebesar 31,04°C dan terendah ditemukan pada bulan Februari 29,72°C, sedangkan rata-rata sebaran klorofil-a tertinggi di temukan pada bulan Januari 0,627 mg/m3 dan terendah ditemukan pada bulan Agustus sebesar 0,286 mg/m3. Kata kunci: Suhu permukaan laut, klorofil-a, Satelit Aqua Modis, Selat MakasarABSTRACTSea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration are among the most important parameters in marine environments. The objective of this study is to map and calculate the average distribution of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in the Makassar Strait. Data collection was conducted over a two-month period, from August 14 to October 14, 2023. SST and chlorophyll-a data were obtained from Aqua MODIS satellite imagery covering the period from January to December 2022. This study employed a descriptive method. The satellite imagery was processed using the SeaDAS application for image cropping and geometric correction, followed by further processing in ArcGIS for map layout design. The average annual distribution of SST and chlorophyll-a concentration in the Makassar Strait ranged from 29.72°C to 31.04°C and from 0.286 mg/m³ to 0.627 mg/m³, respectively. The highest average SST in 2022 was recorded in April at 31.04°C, while the lowest was in February at 29.72°C. In contrast, the highest average chlorophyll-a concentration was observed in January at 0.627 mg/m³, and the lowest in August at 0.286 mg/m³.Keywords: Sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, Aqua MODIS satellite, Makassar Strai
Ecological Pressures In Pusong Harbour: Integrated Assessment Of Water Quality, Nutrient Enrichment, And Pollution Index
No full textABSTRACTPusong Harbor in Lhokseumawe City doubles as a center for fisheries activities as well as a habitat for marine biota, making it vulnerable to pollution pressure from anthropogenic activities. This study aims to assess water quality through the analysis of physico-chemical parameters, nutrient content (nitrate and phosphate), pollution index, and spatial variation patterns using a multivariate approach. Measurements were taken at three stations representing the locations of boat moorings, settlements, and fish farms. The measurement results showed that basic parameters such as salinity (32-33‰), pH (7.5-8.0), dissolved oxygen (5.8-6.3 mg/L), and BOD (1.6-3.6 mg/L) were still within the quality standard range, but the brightness level was low (0.8-0.9 m) and the phosphate concentration was very high (7.2-10.1 mg/L), exceeding the quality standard by hundreds of times. The pollution index based on the harbor quality standard showed a Slightly polluted (PI = 1.09-1.11), but based on the marine biota quality standard it was classified as "heavily polluted" (PI = 10.3-10.9). PCA analysis identified phosphate and BOD as the dominant factors differentiating water quality, while temperature, salinity and DO were more reflective of natural conditions. Cluster analysis showed that stations 1 and 3 were similar, while station 2 differed significantly due to local pressures. This finding confirms the serious ecological pressures in the harbor area, especially due to excessive nutrient loads, and calls for pollutant control strategies and continuous monitoring to maintain the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. The study highlights the urgent need to address nutrient-driven pollution in Pusong Harbor, where phosphate concentrations exceed marine biota standards by hundreds of times despite most basic water parameters remaining within acceptable limits. This excessive nutrient load poses a serious threat of eutrophication, habitat degradation, and loss of biodiversity in a harbor that supports both fisheries activities and critical marine life. By integrating physico-chemical measurements, nutrient analysis, and multivariate statistics, the research identifies phosphate and BOD as key pollution drivers and reveals spatial variation linked to human activities. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for local management and policy, calling for targeted pollutant control and continuous monitoring to protect coastal ecosystems. The multivariate framework also offers a replicable approach for similar small-harbor environments across Southeast Asia.Keywords: water quality, pollution index, PCA, cluster, nutrients, Pusong Harbou
