4473 research outputs found
Sort by
Factors Influencing Grand Multipara Practice Among Women in The Lake Zone, A Case of Geita Region.
Get PDFThe main objective of this study was to examine the factors influencing grand multipara practice among women in the Geita District Council. Specifically: it aimed to find the effects of child sex preferences on grand multipara practices, the effects of desire for more children and the grand multipara practices; the use of contraceptives among grand multipara women and the contribution of social influence on the grand multipara practice among women. The study was guided by fertility theory and also the study adopted a mixed research approach with a convergent parallel research design. Data were collected through questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion from the sample size of 97 respondents selected using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The results show that linearity assumption on Child Sex Preference (p<0.04), Desire for More Children (p<0.06), Contraceptive Uses (CU) p<0.01), and Social Influence (SI) p<0.00) were the most important predictors of prevalence of grand multipara. The findings from qualitative confirmed that grand multipara is associated with factors such as child sex preferences, desire for more children, contraceptive uses and social influence. The specific strategies needed to be set in order to educate and raise awareness of lake zone community on the issues of child sex preferences, desire for more children, use of contraceptives and the effect of social influences in parity issues. These will help the community to make rational choices when it comes to parity decision making.
Keywords: Grand Multipara, Child Sex Preference, Contraceptive
Assessment of the factors associated with Quality of Routine HIV Viral Load Data Collected at Health Facilities in Mbeya Region.
Get PDFBackground: Routinely collected health data are crucial for health sector planning. In developing countries, the insufficient quality of the data produced by health data systems limits their usefulness in regard to decision-making. The aim of this study was to determine level of quality of routine HIV data and associated factors in Mbeya region, Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study included 108 health centres and their respective data clerks who were responsible for data collection in public and private health centres. The technique and tools used were an interview with a self-administered questionnaire. The dependent variables were data quality. The independent variables were socio-demographic and organizational-related factors. Bivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with data completeness and timeliness. Results: A total of 106 data clerks with median age of 28 (IQR: 22-28) years were recruited. The level of data quality was low (44.3% for data completeness and 15.1 for data timeliness). Individual factors associated data quality were younger age (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.66-5.45 for age 25-29 years; OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.98-5.83 for age 20-24 years) and attainment of high education level (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.65-5.31 for diploma level; OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.51-5.21 for degree level). Organizational factors associated with data quality were access to necessary resources (OR 1.29, 95% 1.10-2.68); feedback on quality of HIV data (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.70-6.59); Incentives (OR 1.87, 95% 1.15-4.10); monitoring quality of HIV data (OR 4.17, 95% CI 2.80-9.17); and capacity building opportunities (OR 2.39, 95% CI1.80-7.14). Conclusion: Data quality in terms of completeness and timeliness were very low. Individual and organizational factors should be considered when planning for interventions to improve the quality of routine HIV viral data collection.
Keywords: HIV Viral, Load Data, Quality completeness, Timelines, Mbeya Regio
Factors Influencing Performance of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems in Tanzania: A Case Study of Smallholder Coffee Development Project in Mbeya Region.
Get PDFThe general objective of this study was to examine the factors influencing performance of M&E systems in the CODE-P Project in Tanzania. Specific objectives of this study were, to examine the influence of financial resources to the performance of Monitoring and Evaluation systems in CODE-P in Tanzania, to examine the extent to which competency of M&E staff and strength of M&E team have influenced performance of Monitoring and Evaluation systems in the development projects in Tanzania, to examine the influence of technology in the performance of M&E in CODE-P in Tanzania and to examine the influence of stakeholders’ participation in the performance of M&E in CODE-P in Tanzania. Findings of this study are expected to advance knowledge and form a base for further studies and inform organizations policies towards setting structures for M&E. A descriptive research design was used for the study and structured questionnaires were used to collect data to the pre-determined sample size of 55 respondents and analyzed using Kobo Toolbox and MS Excel. Data was presented using descriptive statistics. Findings presented that budgetary allocation to M&E, strength and competency of M&E team, technology and stakeholders’ participation are major influence on the performance of M&E system. The study concluded that there is enough budget for M&E activities, competent M&E team, technology advancement and enough involvement of stakeholders. Recommendations made from the study includes stakeholders’ involvement in all stages of the project, capacity building to the teams carrying out M&E and a need for team building events.
Keywords: Performance, Monitoring and Evaluation, Monitoring and Evaluation System, Project
The Role of Parental Involvement on Students Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Tanga City, A Case of Tanga District.
Get PDFThis study was about The Role of Parental Involvement on Students Academic Performance in Secondary Schools. The study was carried out in Tanga city. The researcher used a general objective examining the role of parental involvement on students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Tanga city, which was broken into two specific objectives namely, to examine Parental involvement in the implementation of school programs based on six types of involvement, to examine challenges facing parents in involvement in implementation of school program and to
find out suggestions for improving the level of parental involvement for better performance. A case study design was adopted whereas a sample of eighty-eight (88)
respondents was selected through stratified random sampling and purposive sampling. Questionnaires, interview and documentary review were employed for literature review
and data collection. Quantitative data were analyses through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16th version computer software tool, and then data
were presented in tables, frequency and percentage, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings of the study reveal that, the respondents
seem to disagree towards existence of Parental inclusion of Parental involvement in the implementation of school programs based on six types of involvement, namely in terms
of parenting skills, communication, voluntary aid, learning at home, decision-making and cooperation with the community. The researcher concluded that, Parents
involvement in the implementation of school programs based on six types of involvement in provision of education in secondary schools in Tanga City needs not only the efforts of the school management but also the leaders at community levels and the general public.
Key words: Role, Parenting, Students, Performance, Engagement, Schoo
Assesment of the Factors Causing Girls Dropout in Busega District.
Get PDFThis study assessed on the factors causing girls dropout in Busega district. Specific objectives of the study were to explore the school girls dropout status in Busega district, examine factors causing girls dropout in Busega district and identify way forward in order to mitigate girls dropout in Busega district. The study applied mixed design and involved parents, school committees leaders, Head of schools, Ward Executive Officers and District Education Officer. Interview, questionnaire and documentation review were applied as the method of data collection. Findings shows that factors causing girls dropout are more domestic chores to girls leading to losing interest in school attendance, temptation caused by men on the way to school leading to pregnancy, girls sacrifice to go to work in town so that the family get income, Sukuma culture take a girl child as source of wealth through receiving pride price. The findings further show that the factors for girls drop out in Busega include heavy domestic chores to girls, girls being tempted by men to engage in love affairs and girls being lobbed to go for paid jobs in town and cities. The findings lastly show that imposing heavy penalties, improving school learning environment for girls, developing policies for girls to persist in school and developing comprehensive plan for checking girls attendance were recommended mitigation measures to reduce drop out among girls in Busega district. Some of the recommendations included; The government through the Ministry of Regional administration and local government authority in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology to design and establish appropriate guideline on mitigating girls dropout so that to allow every enrolled child complete studies as required.
Key Words: Drop out. Busega district, Girls, Secondary educatio
Effect of Management Control Systems on Local Government Authorities Employee Performance Case Study of Mkinga District Council.
Get PDFThe study sought to examine the effects of management control systems on employee performance in Mkinga District Council. This study was guided by three of objectives; to examine the effect of budgeting system on employee performance, to examine the effect of information system on employee performance and to determine the effect of training and development system on employee performance. This study used a positivist research paradigm with quantitative research approach and adopted an explanatory research design together with non-proportional stratified simple random sampling technique to obtain 93 respondents from 1330 employees and the data were collected using questionnaire method. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyse the effect of independent variables to dependent variable. The findings indicate that there is positive and significant relationship between budgeting system, training and development control system on employee performance. The findings also indicate that there is positive relationship between information management system and employee performance. Based on the findings the study recommends that organization should establish comprehensive training and development programs that provide employees with opportunities to acquire new skills, knowledge, and competencies. The study recommends that organization should implement efficient information control systems that facilitate access to accurate and timely information. Moreover, the study also recommends that organizations should ensure that employees have a clear understanding of budgetary goals and targets.
Key words: Management Control Systems, Local Government Authorities and Employee Performance
A Dissertation Entitled Effect of Extrinsic Motivation on Employee Performance in Public Organizations A Case Nzega Town Council
Get PDFThe study sought to examine the effects of extrinsic motivation on employee performance at Nzega Town Council in Tanzania. The study was guided by five (5) specific objectives; to determine the effect of salary on employee performance, to determine the effects of employee promotions on employee performance, to assess the effects of working environment on employee performance, to assess the effects of job security on employee performance and to assess the effects of recognition on employee performance. The study followed the positivist research philosophy and used a quantitative approach. An explanatory research design was also employed. A random sampling technique was used to select 90 respondents from 923 population. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to analyze data. The study found that job security, employee recognition, and employee promotions had a positive and significant relationship effect on employee performance. On the other hand, salary and the working environment had no relationship with the improvement of employee performance at Nzega Town Council. As a recommendation, the central government should improve the working environment and increase employee salaries to ensure fair compensation based on their job responsibilities and qualifications to avoid job dissatisfaction and create a supportive atmosphere for employees to thrive in their roles.
Key Words: Employees, Extrinsic Motivation, Working Environment, Recognition, Promotion, Employee Performanc
Factors Influencing Employee Motivation
Get PDFMotivated employees are relevance for high job performance than unmotivated ones. Knowledge of motivating employees depending on relevant programs upon fulfilling job satisfaction. It discourse the factors influencing employee motivation of Dodoma city council. Specifically it addressed; to determine the extrinsic motivation system
that affects Dodoma city council, to determine the intrinsic motivational aspect of Dodoma city council and to suggest measures for improving employee motivation in Dodoma city council. The study used a cross-sectional design that emphasizes data collection at a particular moment in time. Data were collected from 86 respondents in Dodoma city council. Statistical package for social science to facilitate data analysis. The findings revealed that extrinsic motivation system that affects Dodoma city council were lack of bonus which accounted for (58.1%), followed by existence of underpaid that reported by (57%). The underpaid is one of the extrinsic motivation factors that limit performance of local government authority. Lack of bonus specifically hindered specific performance of Dodoma city council. The intrinsic motivational aspect of Dodoma city council on the other hand were existence of praise that management impose, findings accounted for (62.8%) of
respondents and recognition reported by (58.1%) respectively. The measures for improving employee motivation were management appreciation of employees, management responsibility to appreciate employees are motivation catalysts for improvement. Local government authority is advised to harmonize the extrinsic motivation system through monetary extrinsic like salary increases and bonuses for
economic condition advancement.
Keywords: Employee motivation, Dodoma City Council
Effectiveness of Students’Government in Managing Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Bukoba Municipality, Kagera, Tanzania.
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to assess the role played by students’ government in managing discipline in public secondary schools in Bukoba municipality, Kagera, Tanzania. It comprised of four specific objectives which were to: identify prevalent student’s misbehaviours, find out the extent of student’s government involvement in the formulation of rules and regulations, analyze the challenges encountered by student’s leaders and identify various strategies employed by students’ leaders. As guided by the Behaviourist Theory, the study used a convergent parallel research design supported with a mixed-methods research approach. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample size of 120 informants (15 HBs, 15 HGs and 90 SLs). Data collection methods were questionnaires and semi-structure interviews. Quantitative data were coded and analyzed and interpreted in tabular forms while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings have indicated that, prevalent student’s misbehaviours are the use of abusive words and stealing of others’ property.In regard to the involvement of students’ leaders in the formulation of rules and regulations, findings have established that, students’ leaders do not participate in the preparation of school rules and regulations. Findings show that, students’ leaders are challenged with irregular meetings which interfere with academic calendars. It is recommended that, school heads should involve students’ leaders in setting school rules
and regulations.
Key words: Role, students’ government, discipline, public secondary school
Factors for The Academic Performance of Satellite Pre-Primary Schools in Kilwa District, Lindi Region Tanzania.
Get PDFThis study assessed factors influencing effectiveness of satellite pre-primary schools in Kilwa district. Four specific objectives guiding the study were to: establish the influence of school leadership on provision of education, find out the influence of teaching and learning facilities on provision of education, determine the influence of social-cultural practices on provision of education and establish strategies of improving provision of education in satellite pre-primary schools in Kilwa district. The study, grounded in Contingency Theory, employed a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 76 respondents, including teacher volunteers, standard one teachers, head teachers, WEOs, Aga Khan Foundation staff, quality assurance officers and other teachers using questionnaires and interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative data were descriptively analysed, utilising means and standard deviations. Findings revealed that leadership practices, including planning, budgeting, and resource control, significantly impact academic performance in satellite pre-primary schools. Moreover, the provision of teaching and learning facilities, such as classroom construction, book procurement, and essential resources, plays a crucial role in influencing academic outcomes. Social-cultural practices, like enrolling school-aged children, were identified as additional factors influencing academic performance. The study suggests practical strategies for improving education in satellite pre-primary schools, such as raising societal awareness about their importance, ensuring an adequate supply of teachers through government employment, and involving parents in teacher remuneration. Recommendations stress the on going role of mother schools in planning, leading, and directing satellite schools.
Key words: School leadership, Satellite pre- primary schools, social-cultural
practice