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Examining the Influence of Occupational Stress on Secondary School Teachers’ Job Performance in Mwanza Region, Tanzania
Get PDFThis study investigated the influence of occupational stress on job performance among secondary school teachers in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Its specific objectives were to: examine teachers’ perception on the causes of occupational stress, assess the factors that determine the levels of occupational stress among secondary school teachers, examine the relationship between occupational stress and job performance and determine the managerial interventions for alleviating occupational stress among secondary school teachers. The study was based on the job demand-control model and used a mixed research approach with a survey research design. The research involved 462 respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Key findings revealed that the common causes of occupational stress among secondary school teachers were increased workload, low salaries, debts, family issues, and limited job promotion opportunities. Factors influencing stress levels included the absence of rewards, limited decision-making freedom, restricted use of their knowledge, and time pressure from management. Occupational stress levels were associated with higher job performance. The study recommended managerial interventions based on recognizing employees, fostering positive relationships between employees and management, providing on-the-job training and creating a supportive working environment in order to alleviate occupational stress among teachers.
Keywords: Occupational stress, Job Performance, Managerial Interventions and Secondary School Teacher
The Impact of Public Credit Lending Program on Women’s Economic Empowerment in Tanzania
Get PDFThis study aimed at examining the impact of public credit lending program on women economic empowerment, the mediating role of human capital development in Tanzania. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey sample of 415 women from four regions in Tanzania where, 287 were beneficiaries of Public Credit Program (PCP) and 128 were non-beneficiary of PCP. This study employed a cross-sectional research design with the use of quantitative methods to statistically attain the objectives of this research via deductive approach Participation or not in PCP was regressed against three main variables using a binary logistic regression analysis method. Based on the findings, it has been concluded that there is a significant influence human capital development as a mediator factor on public credit program and women economic empowerment in Tanzania. It is therefore recommended that human capital development should be considered when drafting public credit programs and operational procedures in order to increase active participation of the intended women beneficiaries to enhance their achievement of economic empowerment
Effect of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Tanzania: 1980–2018.
Get PDFThe study assesses the effects of foreign aid on economic growth in Tanzania for the period 1980 to 2018. Tanzania has been facing low economic growth rates with low income per capita due to limited capacity to invest because of inadequate resources resulting from low savings rates and poor export performance. The study is guided by Theory of Aid and Economic Growth so as to encourage investment in Tanzania. This study analyzes the effect of foreign aid in economic growth in Tanzania by using a time series data of 1980 to 2018. The study used an ARDL Model for testing the presence of aid-growth relationship and more variables are included like government expenditure, foreign direct investment and openness to trade as central variables. The study found that, there is a significant negative long run relationship of foreign aid to economic growth in Tanzania whilst none in the short run. The variable of government expenditure had shown the positive significant impact to economic growth in Tanzania in short run and negative in long run while foreign direct investment and openness to trade have insignificant positive impact in the short run and negative impact in the long run. The study concludes that FDI and Openness to trade have insignificant positive impact in the short run and negative relationship to economic growth in the long run in Tanzania. Lastly, recommended that reduce current expenditures in order to improve macroeconomic indicators.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Aid, Endogenous Variables, Tanzani
An Analysis of the Effect of Institutional Arrangement on Cashew Nut Farming Business Sustainability in Tanzania: The Mediation Role of Market Stakeholders’ Action.
Get PDFBusiness sustainability has been a global problem experiencing a number of trials. In a bid to address it, the Government of Tanzania has established different institutions. However, the contribution of institutional arrangement to business sustainability is not yet documented. The objectives of this study were; to examine the effect of institutional legitimacy, isomorphism, and logic together with market stakeholders‘ actions on business sustainability in Tanzania. The mediating effect of market stakeholders‘ actions was also examined. The study was explanatory and involved data from 430 cashew nut farmers from Mtwara, Lindi, Ruvuma, Coast, and Tanga region selected using simple random sampling. Descriptive and inferential analysis followed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis performed. Assumptions of structural equation modeling were tested whereby a significant relationship was
reported if p<.05. SPSS version 25 and IBM SPSS Amos version 23 were applied. Results revealed that: - legitimacy, isomorphism, logic together with market stakeholder‘s action had a positive and significant direct effect on business sustainability at p < .001. Market stakeholder‘s actions mediated the relationship between legitimacy, isomorphism, and logic on business sustainability. Therefore, it is recommended that: - institutions should enhance their legitimacy to all business players to stay sustainable. Applied isomorphic pressure must cut across both direct and indirect business players for continuity, and institutional logic which takes into account only direct business players can be more useful.
Keywords: Business Sustainability, Institutional Arrangement, Legitimacy, Isomorphism
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Interventions used in preventing Road Traffic Accidents in Tanzania: A case study of Kigoma Ujiji.
Get PDFThis study assessed the effectiveness of interventions used in preventing road traffic accidents in Tanzania using a case of Kigoma Ujiji Municipal. The study identified the interventions used in reducing traffic accidents; analyzed the strengths of the interventions employed in reducing traffic accidents, and ascertained the weakness of interventions employed in reducing traffic accidents in Kigoma Ujiji. The study used a survey research design where a sample of 97 respondents was obtained. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively through the use of SPSS software while qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. The findings revealed that the interventions used in reducing road traffic accidents included; improving traffic signals, penalties, and vehicle inspection; improving road conditions, type and design engineering; enforcing traffic laws and regulations; prevent under aged driving and unlicensed drivers; and enhancing training and education to road users. On the other hand, the strengths of interventions employed by the police force in Kigoma Ujiji resulted in influencing road safety as a political agenda; influencing and enhancing behaviour change among road users, and professionalism in driving. The shortcomings of the intervention found were ineffective traffic management, corruption, the wrong use of vehicle inspection equipment, poor road marking, a lack of political will addressing road safety and security issues, and insufficient driver licensing. To improve road safety in Kigoma Ujiji, frequent vehicle inspections, and driver education are required.Moreover, regular trainingis needed within the school systems.
Keywords: -Effectiveness of interventions, road traffic accidents, Kigoma Ujiji
Assessment of Intra-Party Elections in Tanzania with Special Reference to Democratic Practices at Iringa Municipality in Tanzania.
Get PDFThe major aim of the study was to assess the intra-party elections in Tanzania focusing on the democratic practices in the Iringa Municipality. The study included 330 respondents where 320 were party members and 10 were leaders. Party members were selected randomly to respond to the questionnaires while leaders were purposefully selected to respond on interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, and percentage) where Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was employed. The results indicate that, 17.5% of respondents disagreed and strongly disagreed on level of inclusiveness in intraparty election in Iringa municipality, 31.06% were neutral and 51.43% agreed and strongly agreed. For centralization of intraparty 30.4% disagreed and strongly disagreed, 43.8% were neutral and 25.8% agreed and strongly agreed and lastly on institutionalization of intraparty election 27.9% agreed and strongly agreed, 42.7% were neutral and 29.4% agreed and strongly agreed. The study concluded that inclusiveness during intraparty election shown that were neutral for centralization and institutionalization of intraparty election. Therefore, the study recommends that education on part members concerning centralization and institutionalization of intraparty election should be given to make them aware or have enough understanding on intraparty elections, also rules and regulation during intraparty election should be clearly practiced.
Keywords: Democratic Practices, Inclusiveness, Decentralization, Institutionalization
The impact of leadership styles on employee motivation in Tanzania. The case of the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA).
Get PDFA leader motivates employees through setting in place structures aimed at taking full advantage of employee’s potential, organizational resources and providing direction. Motivation of employees is a crucial leadership task, it translates employees knowledge, skills, and abilities into effort. This studyexamined the impact of leadership styles on the employee’s motivation in TRA, specifically determined the leadership styles adopted, assessed employee’s response towards the adopted leadership styles and established the link between the adopted leadership styles and employee’s motivation. The study used primary source of information and employed mixed research methods where both qualitative and quantitative research approach were used. The study revealed employees are influenced by leadership styles. The correlation coefficient has indicated there is a relationship between leadership styles and employees motivation. The regression analysis has illustrated that, democratic and transformational leadership styles has a positive relationship with employees motivation, while autocratic leadership style has negative relationship. The study recommends that transformational leadership is the most suitable form of leadership because it motivates employees to see what they are capableand inspiring them to achieve their goals which increases employee morale and retentionultimately committed to organizational objectives. Similarly, the organization can develop certain training programs for supervisorsso as to improve their skills that will definitely lead to much more productivity, that should be in concurrent with improving employees welfare.
Keywords:Leadership styles; Transformational, Democratic, Autocratic, Employee Motivatio
The influence of extrinsic motivation on employee’s performance in Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA) – Morogoro
Get PDFThis study sought to examine the influence of extrinsic motivation on employee’s performance in Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA) Morogoro. The study was guided by following specific objectives; to identify the effect of praise on Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency employee’s performance, to determine the effect of payment on Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency employee’s performance and to determine the effect of punishments on Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency employee’s performance. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy, Quantitative approach and the case study design was used at the collection of the information at one specific point in times. The target population was 320 respondents; therefore, 80 respondents were the sample size of the study. Sampling techniques used was stratified random sampling. The questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings revealed that personalized praise this includes features or tangible rewards that are tailored to a person's unique personality or interests. Secondly it was found that payment is the good for all the efforts that have been made by the employee. Third object it was revealed that there is a significant impact of varying punishment on employee performance. The study recommends that employees should aim to write incentive plans and present them to management during general meetings as a special agenda in the organization's performance.
Keywords: extrinsic motivation, employee’s performance, employee’s, performance, motivatio
Acceptance and Use of Online Resources amongst University Students in Selected Higher-Learning Institutions in Iringa, Tanzania
Get PDFThe main objective of this study was to examine the acceptance and use of online resources amongst university students of higher learning institutions, which was conducted at Mkwawa University College of Education (MUCE) and Ruaha Catholic University (RUCU). Specifically, the study aimed (i) to examine the extent to which university students perceive ORs as ease to use in learning, (ii) to examine the extent to which university students perceive ORs as useful, (iii) to examine the influence of environmental factors on the acceptance and use of ORs, (iv) to examine the extent to which university students are socially influenced in accepting and use ORs. The study adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and also adopted quantitative research approach so as to comply with the Positivism research philosophy used and applied a deductive as a research design. The study population constituted of 10200 students and of these, 5,500 were from MUCE while 4,700 were from RUCU. Researcher use a published sample size table by considered 5 level of significance to come up with the sample size of 370 where 170 students were enrolled at (RUCU) while 200 students were enrolled at (MUCE) respondents were obtained through simple random sampling techniques. The study used questionnaire method in collecting data and data were analyzed and summarized by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 with descriptive statistics and inferential analysis using multiple regression analysis. Descriptive Statistical results revealed that the majority (84.79%) of respondents cumulatively agreed that the ease of use of online resources enhanced their acceptance and use of such resources. The majority (81.52%) of respondents cumulatively agreed that perceived usefulness impacted their acceptance of online resources. The majority (72.94%) of respondents cumulatively agreed that environmental attributes influence their acceptance and use of online resources and lastly, the majority (69.85%) of respondents cumulatively agreed that social attributes influence their acceptance and use of online resources. The findings of the regression analysis also revealed a strong correlation between the acceptance and use of online resources by selected university students and perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and environmental and social factors. According to the research, it was recommended that institutions implement more sophisticated technology to improve the availability of online materials. Adopting technology that is simple to use and considered helpful by students is very critical. It is also imperative that universities provide a favourable, socially conducive environment to enhance students' acceptance and use of online resources. The researcher concludes that generally, most students have a positive attitude towards the use of online resources in learning and research activities
Keywords: Online resources, acceptance, perceived usefulness, ease of use, environmental and social influence
Effects of Motivation on Tanzania Police force officers' Performance at Dodoma Regional Police: The Mediating Role of Knowledge and Skills.
Get PDFThe study sought to examine the effect of motivation examine the effect of motivation on Tanzania police force officers' performance at Dodoma regional police; and the mediating role of knowledge and skills. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to determine the effect of extrinsic motivation on Police performance in Dodoma Regional Police, to assess the effect of intrinsic motivation on Police performance in Dodoma Regional Police and lastly to determine the effect of knowledge and skills after controlling extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on Police performance at Dodoma Regional Police. A positivist philosophy was used in this study. Quantitative approach research was utilized. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 334 who were stratified sampled from a population of 2013 police officers. Descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression were used as data analysis tools. The study found that extrinsic and intrinsic motivation are positive and statistically related to police officers' performance at Dodoma. However, when a second multiple regression model was run incorporating mediating variables of knowledge and skills it was found that there was an increase in motivation relationship effect to be stronger on police officers’ performance. Therefore, the study recommends that Police management and government in general should focus on motivating police officers. Also, to develop a comprehensive training program for all police officers
Key Words; Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, knowledge and skills, Police officers’ performanc