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Assessing Abundance and Activity Patterns for the Angolan Black and White Colobus Monkey (Colobus angolensis palliatus) in Udzungwa Mountains National Park.
Get PDFThis study investigated the abundance and activity patterns of Colobus angolensis palliatus in Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP). Seven one-kilometre point-transects were set at the study area, three in disturbed and four in undisturbed sites. A group of C.a. palliatus at Sonjo transect, intermingled between disturbed and undisturbed areas, was selected to study activity patterns across age and sex groups. The C.a. palliatus were significantly abundant (t=5.75; p=0.0135) in undisturbed sites. Overall, C.a. palliatus spent the most time (30.6%) resting, feeding (28.5%), moving (26.2%), and socialising (14.7). Whereas males spent much of their time by 0.3%, 0.8% and 1.0% in feeding, resting, and moving,respectively. Females spent more time, by 5.7%, in socialising than males. The resting, moving and socialising activities differed significantly (p<0.05) across age groups. The adults spent much of their time resting (8.4%) and feeding (8.1%); sub-adults spent much of their time resting (7.8%) and feeding (7.0%). Juveniles spent much of their time resting (7.0%) and moving (6.6%); infants much of their time was spent socialising (6.2%), resting (6.2%) and moving (6.1%). The ANOVA results for activities across age groups differed significantly: Feeding (F=53.88, p<0.05); Resting (F=43.47, p<0.05); Moving (F=53.39, p<0.05); Socializing (F=118.2, p<0.05. The lower C. a. palliatus abundance in disturbed sites was attributable to low food availability and habitat degradation. The overall variations in activity patterns across age and sex groups were attributable to energy conservation strategies and body size. Increasing conservation efforts in disturbed areas in UMNP was recommended to improve C.a. palliatus population sustainability.
Keywords: C. a. palliatus, disturbance, Habitat, Udzungwa Mountain National Par
Factors Affecting Academic Performance among Secondary School Girls Students in Misungwi District, Mwanza Region.
Get PDFThe study assessed factors affecting academic performance among girls’ students in selected secondary schools in Misungwi District in Mwanza region. Descriptive research design was used, qualitative approaches employed; methods of data collection were questionnaire, focus group discussion and interviews. The selection of respondents was purposive technique. The findings show that girls were performing poorly in academic because of many domestic chores such as cooking, fetching water, looking after siblings and cultivation, long distance to school such as 5-10 kilometers. Parents could not afford to pay for “bodaboda” to ferry their children to school, early engagement in love relations which shifted their focus from studies, lack of electricity and boys were favored more than girls this led to missing time for private study and attention when in needy of study materials at school. Also poor school system related to teachers’ poor motivation and bullying girls that they cannot do better in science subjects. Nine strategies were identified to address this situation. These were: equal treatment of boys and girls, control discipline of girls and those misled them, avoid early marriage, and avoid bad cultures of assuming girls are source of wealth, hostel approach to girls, equal distribution of duties among girls and boys, less cost towel to girls. Recommendations to address the situation were: education to parents should be provided to balance domestic chores all children to allow girls use private time for self studies at home, bad culture of early marriage should be stopped, the, the schools should encourage parents with girls child to allow them join hostel to reduce risk of travel to school; the government must improve schools counseling unit to enable girls to get counseling that will help them manage studies well; less cost towel to girls is recommended to help girls during menstruation cycle. Lastly, government should allocate and finance construction of hostels to accommodate students leave away from schools.
Keywords: Education, performance and girl studen
Determinants of Women’s Participation in Local Government Political Leadership: A case of the Lushoto District.
Get PDFThe different national and international organizations have channeled their resources and efforts for promoting women’s participation in politics. However, women’s participation in political leadership especially in the Local Government is low. The study was conducted to assess the determinants of women’s participation in Local Government Political Leadership in the Lushoto District. The specific objectives were to assess the drives influencing women’s participation, the attitudes of women toward participation, and the measures for ensuring effective women's participation in Local Government Political Leadership. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, involving 100 women respondents. Purposive and simple random samplings were used. The individual survey and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used in data collection with aid of questionnaires and a checklist of items respectively. The quantitative data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and qualitative were organized into themes. The descriptive statistical analyses, Likert Scale, Man-Whitney Test, and Binary Logistic regression were used to analyze quantitative data while content analysis was used in qualitative data. The findings reveal that 61% of respondents are not interested in politics. Also, monogamy and polygamy as types of marriage affects women’s involvement in political leadership at (P < 0.05). Findings on attitude’s reveal that 72% of respondents agreed that families restrict women’s participation on politics. The women’s attitudes on participation in politics differed significantly by types of education and employment at (P < 0.05). A quarter of respondents 15.5% cited financial support as a major measure to improve women’s participation in political leadership. The study recommends building women’s interest in politics participation through harnessing, rehabilitating, and directing resources on initiatives targeting women and politics, raising awareness of gender equality issues, financing and supporting women’s engagement in politics, and capacity-building on women’s leadership development
Challenges facing Immigration in combating Migrants Smuggling in Zanzibar.
Get PDFThe study examines the challenges of Immigration in combating migrants smuggling in Zanzibar. Descriptive research design was used which involved both qualitative and quantitative approach. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Interview data was analysed thematically while data from questionnaire were analysed by Mean/standard deviation and correlation. The study found positive correlation coefficient between lack of effectiveness and combating migrants smuggling was 0.898, Also, the study found the Correlation coefficient between peculiar methods used by criminals and combating migrants smuggling was 0.788.The study also found the correlation coefficient between porous border and combating migrant smuggling was 0.778 while the correlation coefficient between immigration officers subjective to the rule of law and combating migrants smuggling was 0.708. The study concluded that challenges by immigration on combating migrants smuggling included effectiveness of law enforcement agents, porous border, peculiar methods used by criminals and Immigration officers subjective to the rule of law. The study recommended increase of effectiveness by law enforcement agents, discovering methods used by criminals and tactics to mitigate them, improve the boarder’s security and the government should make sure that Immigration officials are objective to the rule of law
The Role of police Defense Force in Preventing Cattle Rustling in Bariadi District.
Get PDFA violent practice known as "cattle rustling" involves pastoral communities robbing one another of their livestock. Because it hinders participation in the implementation of development incentives that open doors for people to advance in life, cattle rustling is thought to have a negative impact on community development levels. The study's main goal was to assess the role of police force in preventing cattle rustling in Bariadi District, with a focus on the role of police in Tanzania. The study adopted Qualitative research approach and employed a case study research design whereby researcher had100 respondents from Nyangokolwa ward and was guided by Structural conflict theory. From studies the findings, the majority of police officers are not only aware of the gravity of cattle rustling, but also believe that significant measures should be taken to prevent it. The police have the capacity and capability to contribute to its prevention, and they respond quickly when cattle rustling incidents occur in the Bariadi District. Furthermore, the majority of participants acknowledged that the police and the community collaborated in sharing information about cattle rustling, and that they empowered the community to prevent cattle rustling in the district. The study suggested that police training and awareness be improved, with a focus on cattle rustling prevention strategies, conflict resolution,
and community engagement.
Keywords: Police Force, Cattle Rustling Prevention
Understanding Corruption Practice in Police Force: A case of Ilala Municipality.
Get PDFThe study explores the cause, nature and magnitude of corruption that is in the Tanzania Police Force at Ilala municipality. Specifically, assessed the social economic factors influencing Police corruption, examine public experience towards Police corruption, public‟s perception towards police corruption, and evaluate strategies undertaken by police and proposed new strategies to overcome corruption. It employed a case study design with a sample size of 90 participants whereby key informant interviews, focus group discussion and document review were used. Study found that factors for police corruption include weak internal control, non�compliance with anti- corruption, Indiscipline/moral decay, Lack of integrity, unclear policies on hiring and recruiting, poor law enforcement. Inefficiency external oversight mechanism, and lack of motivation such as promotion. The departments which were mostly mentioned as a lead rings in receiving corruption are traffic police, Criminal Investigation, General Duties (CRO), and Vehicle Inspectors.Public confidence towards police procedural justice is very low. The identified possible strategies to overcome corruption in the Police force in Ilala Municipal includes improving service delivery and customer cares to Police clients such as quick respond to crime incident once reported, establishing call center for easiercommunication and closer internal supervision to lower ranks officers. In concluding, the finding has shown that, the corruption exists in the Police force
though there are few numbers of the victim/complainants. The study recommendsnew strategies to fight corruption includes; intolerance of misconduct, enhancing on job training, enhancing coordination with other stakeholders, strengthen the capacity of Corruption fighting Institutions, engagement of civil society on Anti- corruption campaigning, anti-corruption awareness campaigns to ensure good governance and reform public administration and finance management.
Keywords: Police Corruption, Corruption, Police, Petty Corruptio
Effect of Media Entertainment on Youth Behavior: the Case of Wasafi Media in Tanzania.
Get PDFEntertainment media particularly television has evolved into a potent force in the transmission of social values and norms in a civilized society. Moreover, there are television stations that emerged with specialized programming in entertainment, called entertainment television. This study sought to assess the effect of media entertainment influenced on youths’ behaviuor with three specific objectives namely; to determine the youth daily use of media entertainment to examine both positive and negative effects of media entertainment on youth behaviuor as well as to suggest ways of protecting youths from the effects of media entertainment. Cultivation theory was applied to show how misshaped, yet repetitive represented reality gradually dominates the worldview of heavy viewers, who rely on media as main source of belief and values. The study adopted a research design which focuses on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study used two techniques of data collection namely, questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The researcher examined the entire population in order to totally eliminate sampling error. The results were presented by using frequency tables and descriptions. The findings indicated that entertainment media makes youths lazy and addicted, destroy social relationships and facilitated bad sexual behaviours among youths. The research recommended that training on better usage of the entertainment media are needed to youths so as to minimize time wastage on chatting and other irrelevant engagements that are not of major importance on their lives.
Keywords: Media, Media entertainment, Youth Behavior, Wasafi Media
Assessment on the Reporting of Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project (JNHPP): The Case of Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation and Independent Television.
Get PDFThe study assessed the reporting of Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project (JNHPP) with reference to Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation (TBC1) and Independent Television (ITV). The study was guided by the general objective of the research that was to assess the reporting of Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project (JNHPP) by TBC1 and ITV. The specific objectives were; to assess the coverage of Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project by TBC1 and ITV, to measure viewers‟ responses on the reporting of Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project by TBC1 and ITV, to examine issues covered by TBC1 and ITV of Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project, as well as to examine the pattern of reporting by TBC1 and ITV on issues covering JNHPP. The study used descriptive research design whereby a sample of 66 was selected from Rufiji in Coast Region and Dodoma area. Purposive sampling was used to select sample for data collection. The study used questionnaire and observation to collect data, the findings presented in tables, graphs and charts. Findings indicated that TBC1 and ITV were covering JNHPP and people were informed about the project although there were improvements that should have been considered. For instance, the results show that more than 57% said there was irregular coverage of JNHPP. The study concludes that media practitioners should enhance their skills and be innovative to produce informative programs that will bring general awareness to people about the ongoing construction of JNHPP and its eventual impact. The study recommends that government officials should make sure they provide information and awareness to the public regularly in order for people to know the stages of the construction until its completion.
Keywords: News reporting, Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project (JNHPP), Tanzania Broadcasting
Corporation (TBC
The contribution of training and development to the employee’s performance in public sectors. A Case of the land Sector in Morogoro Municipality.
Get PDFThis study assessed the contribution of training and development to the performance of the employees in the land sector. The objectives were: to determine the gap in the land sector employees' training and development, to examine the professional skills among the land sector employees and to analyse how training and development improve employees' work performance and increase productivity in the land sector. The sample of the study was 119 respondents selected using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The data collected methods were questionnaires and interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS software to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Descriptive Statistics were used to evaluate the results of respondents. The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between the employee’s performance and training and development in the context of Morogoro Municipal land sector employees. The study recommends plans and programs for employees' training and development for the organization's better performance. It also urges employees to be involved in some of the decision-making and be part of the organization's daily performance. Also, the design of the training programs should consider different actors in the land sector, various available strategies and technologies, and the cost implications.
Keywords: Training, Development, Employee’s Performance and Public sector
Influence of human resource management practice on organization performance in Tanzania.
Get PDFThe way in which human resource management (HRM) practices can influence the commitment of an individual employee to the objectives of an organization. This study assessed the influence of human resource management practice on organization performance at Musoma district council in Tanzania. Specifically, the study focused on the examining the influence of teamwork practices on organization performance as well as examining the influence of job security, and compensation management practices on organization performance. The study applied qualitative and quantitative research design, and involved only 109 sample sizes, but only 104 employees were involved in the analysis for its accuracy. Both primary and secondary data collection methods i.e. questionnaires and secondary sources were applied respectively. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis were applied for quantitative data analysis of this study and explanations building for qualitative data analysis. The study findings indicated that teamwork practice influence positively the organization performance. Similarly, it was noted that organization performance was also influenced positively by the job security practice, and compensation practice. These imply that a unit increase in each teamwork, job security, and compensation practice lead to organization performance to increase. Generally, it was recommended that teamwork, job security, and compensation practice should be a priority of any institutions due to its huge breath of influence dimension. Doing so, employees will be committed towards achieving performance, and this will boost employees’ morale prompting them to work much harder and be self-driven.
Keywords: Human Resource Practices, Teamwork Practices, Job Security, Management