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Impact of Causality Relationship between Financial Development Funds and Economic Growth in Tanzania: 1986 – 2020.
Get PDFThe general objective of this study was to assess the impact of the causal relationship between financial development funds and economic growth in Tanzania from 1986 to 2020. The specific objectives were to examine in Tanzania the impact of the causal relationship between Domestic credit and economic growth, banks Government deposits and economic growth, Broad Money and economic growth. The study adopted time series design. Data were collected from Bank of Tanzania, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the World Bank. The study was guided by a model developed by Odedokun (1996) which is a modification of Neo – Classical growth theory and Financial Repression Hypothesis model McKinon (1973) and Shaw (1973). The study employed the Granger-causality method, combining four macro-economic variables in multiple causation modeling through the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model, since while other variables were stationary in the first difference 1(1), one variable was only stationary in the second difference 1(2), and there was cointegration within the variables. Several econometric tests were carried out to ensure the validity and reliability of the data; they included normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and unit root tests. Domestic credit revealed negative impact while Broad money and Banks Government deposit revealed positive impact to economic growth. In conclusion, there is two way causality relationships between Financial Development Funds and Economic growth in Tanzania. The study recommends that the government should design policies that will strengthen the financial sector which through intermediation will facilitate availability of fund for investment towards growth and stability of the economy.
Keywords: Economic growth, Domestic Credit, Broad Money, Bank
Assessing the Role of Women Special Seat Councilors in Advancing Community Development Initiatives.
Get PDFThis study assessed the role of women special seat councilors in driving community development initiatives in Kahama Municipality, Tanzania. Through qualitative data collected from interviews and focus group discussions with 30 participants, (Ward Community Development Officers, Development Project Implementors and Special Seat Councillors). The research identified implemented projects, assessed councilors' involvement, and evaluated Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices. Data were analyzed by using content analysis. The findings revealed a diverse range of community development initiatives including health, water, education, infrastructure, electricity, and nutrition projects performed by WSSCs. The WSSCs plays a crucial role in participating in planning, implementation and M&E of community development initiatives. The WSSCs made significant contributions to project planning stage, approval and budgeting. Based on these findings, it is recommended that, all women special seat councilors must collaborate in establishing effective mechanism for active stakeholder’s engagement in project selection, planning, and decision-making processes throughout the project life cycle that enhance effectiveness, inclusivity and sustainability of community development initiatives that respond to the needs of the community.
Keywords: Women’s Participation in Local Governance, Special Seats for Women, Community Development Initiatives and Councillor
An assessment of the causes of intra school conflict and its effects on the students’ academic achievement in Tanzania: A case of selected public secondary schools in Tanga municipal council
Get PDFThe study was guided by three objectives, which are determining the causes of conflicts in selected public secondary schools, investigating the effects of conflicts on selected public secondary schools, and finding out strategies to control conflicts in selected public secondary schools in the Tanga municipal council. The research employed a survey design in which three methods of data collection were used; interview, questionnaire, and documentary review. The study population was district secondary education officers, secondary school teachers, school board members, community members, and students with a total of 121 respondents. Generated data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively where qualitative data was analyzed by content analysis and a statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used for quantitative data that involved the use of calculations, percentages, and tables. The findings showed that shortage of teachers, poor administration style, indiscipline practices among students, inadequate teaching and learning resources, poor food quality, and accommodation were the triggering factors for the rise of intra-school conflicts meanwhile also led to poor academic performance, insecurity, destruction of school properties and act as a catalyst for changes were found as the effects of intra school conflict. The research recommends increasing efforts to rectify the situation so as to wipe out school conflict in Tanzanian secondary schools should be redoubled, to both the government and other educational stakeholders to wipe out school budgeting for improving food quality and school accommodation and also increase the availability of teaching and learning resources in schools to adheres.
Keywords: Causes of conflicts, public secondary schools, Tanga municipal counci
The Role of School Management Committee in Improving Students' Academic Performance in Tanzania: A Case of Ward Secondary Schools in Temeke District, Dar-es salaam.
Get PDFThree objectives guided the study: Firstly, to analyze how SMC helps in improving school management, secondly, to examine how SMC facilitate citizens' and parents’participation in the management of the schools and thirdly, to identify how the SMC motivates teachers. The study employed a convergent parallel mixed method where a researcher used quantitative and qualitative data under a cross-sectional study design. The study also involved a sample of 61 respondents from 10 ward secondary schools found in Temeke district. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that SMCs are very active in day-to-day school supervision, monitoring capitation grants in cooperation with the school management and transparency with the community. Furthermore, SMCs played a great role in preparing and arranging parents' and teachers meeting which led to the improvement of student’s academic performance. Additionally, SMCs played a great role in maintaining good students’ behaviour and discipline for the improvement of students’ academic performance. The study concluded that, even though the results show that SMCs are ineffective in some areas such as providing allowances and training to the teacher, is still considered, and adopted as the key factor for the improvement of students’ academic performance. The study advocates teachers, parents, and the community to cooperate fully with the SMCs in managing the schools for the aim of improving students’ academic performances. For the school that does not formulate SMCs should do effectively for the better academic
performance.
Keywords: SMC, improving school management, motivates teachers, facilitate
citizens' and parent
Corporate Governance Attributes and Level of Disclosure among Listed Companies in Tanzania. Moderating Effect of Ownership Concentration
Get PDFThis study examined the effects of corporate governance attributes on the level of corporate disclosure (LCD) for companies listed in Tanzania. Specifically, it determined the level of disclosure among listed companies, it examined the effect of ownership structures on LCD, it examined the effect of board characteristics on LCD and lastly, it examined the moderating effect of ownership concentration on the association between CG attributes and LCD. Agency theory and management hegemony theory were used. Explanatory research design were employed together with a post-positivist philosophy. The sample included 105 firm-year observations from annual reports from 21 listed companies. Ordinary Least Square, Fixed Effects and Generalised Methods of Moments estimators were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis were employed. Findings showed a positive effect of directors, government and foreign ownerships on LCD. Results also showed a positive effect of board size, board independence and directors’ remuneration on LCD. Institutional ownership showed a negative effect. Also, the findings showed a positive moderating effect of ownership concentration on the association between the director, government, and foreign ownerships while there is a negative moderating effect on association between the institutional ownership and LCD. Moreover, OwnConc showed a positive moderating effect on the association between board size, board independence, directors’ remuneration and LCD. It was recommended that policymakers and regulators should ensure there are an optimal number of board members of varied skills.
Keywords: Corporate governance, corporate attributes, ownership structures, board characteristics, Ownership concentration, Tanzania
Influence of Transformation Leadership Style on Implementation of Contextual Dimensions in the Ministry of Culture and Sports (MoCAS) in Tanzania,
Get PDFThis study examined the influence of transformation leadership styles in implementing contextual dimensions in the Ministry of Culture and Sports (MoCAS) in Tanzania. The specific objective of this study was to assess the following:- the effect of the transformational leadership style on the culture of MoCAS; the effect of the transformational leadership style on the environment of MoCAS; the effects of the transformational leadership style on the MoCAS' strategies and goals; the effect of transformation leadership style on the size of MoCAS and the effect of transformation leadership style on the implementation of technology of MoCAS. A total of 153 individuals were involved into the study The study used a quantitative approach. SEM was used to test the hypothesis. The study found out that there is significant influence of intellectual stimulation on culture and size/magnitude; idealized influence on technology, size/magnitude, goals, and strategies; inspirational motivation on goals and strategy and individualized consideration of technology and environment. Also, the study found insignificant influence of intellectual stimulation on technology, environment, strategies, and goals; idealized impact on culture and environment; inspirational motivation on culture, technology, size/magnitude, and environment; individualized consideration on technology, goals, and strategies. The study concluded that transformation leadership dimensions affect each contextual extent in MoCAS differently, and it is recommended that all variables with significant influence be used to the maximum potential. In contrast, those with insignificant impact and their constraining factors are concretely addressed.
Keywords: Transformation leadership, Leadership, contextual dimension, Organisations & Leadership styl
Examining challenges facing the Tanzania Police Force in mitigating illegal immigrants: A case study of Bagamoyo district.
Get PDFThis study examined challenges facing the Tanzania police force in mitigating illegal immigration using a case study of the Bagamoyo district. The available literature indicated that, globally police organization has been involved in crime prevention and mitigation of Illegal migration, especially after September 11, 2001. Restrictive measures and tight strategies employed by enforcement agencies. The specific objectives aimed to describe the roles of TPF in the mitigation of illegal immigrants; examine the challenges encountered by TPF in mitigating illegal immigration in Bagamoyo District and suggest possible measures of addressing the challenges in mitigating illegal immigrants in Bagamoyo District. The study was guided by Lee's Migration Theory in complement with the Broken Window theory and employed the case study research design involving 73 who were sampled purposively. The methods used for data collection in this study were questionnaires, surveys and in-depth interview where both Primary and secondary data were collected. The study was largely qualitative data was analysed by using content analysis such as words, meaning and pictures and little use of quantitative data was analysed by using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage in tables. The findings revealed there is a quite good understanding of the role of the police force in relation to illegal immigration; detection, arresting and custodian of illegal immigrants are police officers, although the police force enforcing illegal immigration without professional training, shortage of budget to facilitate their operations and corruption behaviour among law enforcement agencies, Measures the study revealed are harmonization of migration policy with neighbor countries, emphasizes on coordination among enforcement agencies, joint patrol and allocation of budget for preventing and mitigation of illegal migration. The study made the following conclusion:- There are challenges apprehensions measures and operations, coordination gaps among enforcement agencies, and the presence of huge land with porous borders which prolong to threaten National security.
Keywords: Migration, Illegal immigrants, Smugglin, Migrant smuggling
Effects of Village Savings and Loan Associations on Households’ Livelihood in Ilala District, Tanzania.
Get PDFVillage Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) are community based financial institutions that allow easy access to loan to individuals who had no such opportunity because of a number of unmet requirements from the financial institutions. The specific objectives of this study are three; to assess the effects of VSLAs on households‟ livelihood, identify challenges facing VSLAs and to propose measures to address VSLAs‟ challenges in Ilala District in Tanzania. The social identity theory guided this study because it informs that not every member of VSLAs could attain improved livelihood unless they take the required initiatives. The study adopted descriptive research design involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study revealed that, VSLAs have positive effects on households‟ savings, income, and access to loan. Despite the advantages of VSLAs, VSLAs encounter number of challenges such as dropouts, untimely disbursement of loans, defaults and delayed loan repayment. Some of the proposed measures to address VSLAs‟ challenges include eliminating non-committed members, enforcing compliance and capacity building of VSLAs members. The study concludes by highlighting areas for further studies particularly, the comparative analysis of the effects of VSLAs vis-à-vis other forms of savings on the livelihood of households. Eventually, the study recommends the recognition and inclusion of VSLAs in the microfinance Act, effective monitoring, digitalization of the operation processes of VSLAs and male involvement in VSLAs.
Keywords: Defaults, Household, Loans, Village Savings And Loan Associations,
Livelihood
Investigating the Influence of School Library Services on Community Secondary Schools’ Academic Performance in Singida Municipality, Tanzania.
Get PDFThis study examined the influence of using school library services on community secondary schools academic performance in Singida Municipality. The study was guided by four objectives, namely: to examine the availability and use of library services in community secondary schools, to examine students’ attitudes towards using libraries in community secondary schools, to assess the association between the availability of school library services and the form four national examination performance and to establish strategies to enhance availability and use of library services in secondary schools in Singida Municipality. The study employed mixed method research approach and a cross-sectional research design. The data were collected through questionnaires, observation and interviews from students, teachers and Municipal Education Officer. The findings revealed that very few community secondary schools had library services in Singida Municipal. Moreover, some students held negative attitudes towards using library services in community secondary schools. Also, the study found that the school library has much influence on the student’s academic performance as it acts as a catalyst in the process of teaching and learning. This study recommended that there is a need for the government to increase the educational budget so as to construct and equip libraries with enough resources such as furniture, books, for library teachers, employ professional librarians and provide on job training to enhance academic performance of community secondary schools.
Keywords: Academic Performance, School Library, Community Secondary School
The Effects of Fee Free Education Policy in Public Secondary Schools Academic Performance: A Case of Kisarawe District.
Get PDFThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fee free education policy (FFEP) on public secondary schools academic performance in Tanzania. The study used snowballing sampling to obtain 150 respondents where as descriptive research design as well as mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative approaches) wasemployed in the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and interview guides while secondary data were collected through documentary review. Findings of the study indicated that the policy has increased access to education, improved students’ examination performance, improved transition rate and it has reduced the burden parents had in paying tuition fees to their children. The study further observed that FFEP has become one of the efforts of the country to implement the Education for All (EFA) philosophy. On the other hand, the findings indicated that there are some challenges associated with the implementation of the policy including congestion of students and food shortage. The study argues that the policy should not be taken as a political panacea rather an effort of Tanzania to increase access of education to all people regardless of their financial status; whether rich or poor.In ensuring commitment of teachers and heads of schools to implement FFEP in schools, the study recommends that the working conditions should be improved through remunerating teachers properly, building houses for teachers, ensuring transport for students and teachers, establishing sanitary services, ensuring in-service teachers training, and availing them with teaching resources. Also, the study recommends that community participation should be increased to minimize challenges in school related activities in the implementation of FFEP.
Key words: Fee free, Education, Learning, Environment, Quality education