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Influence of leadership styles on student academic performance in secondary schools in Mvomero district council- Tanzania.
Get PDFThe study assessed the influence of leadership styles on the students' academic performance in selected secondary schools in Mvomero. The study was guided by three specific objectives namely, to explain the existing leadership styles used by heads of schools, to analyze effects of leadership on the students' academic performance, and to discuss the challenges facing heads of schools in their headship practice in Mvomero district secondary schools. The study was guided by mixedmethods design employing questionnaire, interviews and documents as data collection methods. The study found that the heads of schools in Mvomero secondary schools were using mainly the democratic leadership style to lead the schools. This typical leadership style created positive learning environment among the students and the teachers and so the allegations raised in chapter one that 82.6 percent of the students were failing in their form four national examination, was not tied to this leadership style as such. The study identified that the leizes fair leadership style was least used as it hindered teachers accountability in teaching at the schools. Further the findings indicated that the leadership styles such as democratic and instructional leadership were used as they created positive learning environment to the students. The styles were facilitating collaborative decision making among staff thus they felt enthusiastic and motivated to teach and improve students‟ academic performance. The last findings indicated that favoritism, struggle over power between the heads and the staff and the insubordination were identified as challenges facing the heads of schools in practice of their leadership styles. Recommendations to improve the situation are attached.
Keywords: Leadership, Students, Academic Performance, Secondary School
Analysis of Community Perceptions on VET: A Reflection from Learners in the Vocational Education and Training Institutions in Sengerema District.
Get PDFPerception plays a vital role in anything one should be interested to acquire. This research aims to analyse of community perceptions on Vocational Education and Training (VET) institutions in Sengerema district. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions of the community on vocational education and training in the Sengerema district. The study was mainly qualitative in approach and a case study design was used using both purposive and random sampling procedure. Five vocational education and training institutes were involved in this study, which includes Sengerema FDC, Karumo FDC, Sengerema Vocational Training Centre (VTC), Elabs Institutes of Science and Technology, and the fifth college was Sengerema Modern Era Training College (SMETCO). A total number of 95 respondents made up of 75 VET learners, 15parents and 05 teachers (instructors) who took part in this study. Data was collected through in-depth interview and documentary review methods. Data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics appropriate for responding to the principle questions asked to learners’ respondents in the vocational education and training programmes, instructors and parents. The finding revealed that learners in VET had negative perception before they enrolled in the VET programmes. Therefore the study conclude that the perception of learners towards vocational education and training were negative. The study recommended a consideration for the teaching profession to improved taking the case of attracting working environment in making the VET institutions more attractive for learners and instructors.
Keyword: Community perception, Vocational Education and Training (VET)
Vocational Education Learner, Vocational Institutions VET in Tanzania
The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Public Debt in Tanzania from 1990 to 2021.
Get PDFThis study assessed the impact of macroeconomic variables on public debt in Tanzania from 1990 to 2021. Tanzania uses debt received from internal and external sources in financing its deficit budget and implementing development projects to facilitate economic development. Tanzania public debt stock depicted an upward trend for the last decade, reaching USD 33,773.1 million at end of June 2021.The study employed VECM to capture the long and short run relationship of macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, the findings show that the coefficient of all independent variables had negative impact on public debt and statistically significant at 5percent while FDI had a positive impact on public debt in short run.
The study also recommended to the government the followings; to provide training to civil servants about loan utilization, emphasizing the government to direct loan to the development projects, emphasized the government to reduce duplicative programs and to take the soft loan in order to facilitate economic developments. The findings also had a number of policy implications including the need to implement responsible debt management procedures while making sure that resources are allocated to the economy's productive projects in order to facilitate economic development.
Key words: Public Debt,Inflation Rate, Government Expenditure, Foreign Government Investment
Determinants of Local Government Authorities Loan Scheme Management: A Case of Bariadi Town Council.
Get PDFThe study assessed determinants of Local Government Authorities‟ loan scheme management in Tanzania with a case of Bariadi Town Council. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of department staffs‟ capacity, beneficiaries‟ knowledge, and the influence of politicians‟ role on 10% loan management and identify challenges that lead to non-recovery of loan funds from beneficiaries. The study used cross-sectional design with a sample of 236. The study employed Cluster sampling and Purposive procedures and questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview during data collection. The study employed inferential analysis and thematic analysis of quantitative data. The study found low staffing level in Community Development (CD) department statistically significant (P=0.01)affecting 10% loan management at Lower Level Governments (LLG). It also found beneficiaries‟ knowledge statistically significant (0.000) influence loan management requirements. Results further showed Spearman correlation statistically significant (0.03) indicating that politicians have influence on 10% loan management procedures.Findings also revealed nine regulations that call for attention and found weaknesses in 10% loan provision and management regulations giving enough space to defaulters. The study concludes that department staffs‟ capacity has affected 10% loan management in Bariadi Town Council; Beneficiaries‟ Knowledge has significance relationship with loan management requirements, and politicians haveinfluence on loan management. Consequently, the study recommends that Local Government Authorities (LGAs) supervise and ensure loan applicants submit workable business ideas, monitor and evaluate their projects from the beginning
Assessment on The Contribution of Motivation on Employee Performance In Church Organizations: A Case Of South Nyanza Conference Of SDA Church.
Get PDFThis study examined assessment on the contribution of motivation on employee performance in church organizations: A case of south Nyanza Conference of SDA church. In more specific way it focused on determining how motivation is conducted in different departments in South Nyanza conference of SDA church and whether workers are motivated, to determine how motivation influences employees’ performance in different departments in South Nyanza conference of SDA church and to assess the relationship between motivation and work performance in South Nyanza conference of SDA church.
The study used a case study design, drawing a total of 86 respondents' sample which includes 5 key informants, 26 pastors, 30 teachers, 2 drivers, 3 secretaries, 2 doctors and 18 nurses and health attendants. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants; simple random sampling was used to select pastors, nurses, doctors, drivers and secretaries. Primary data were collected through interviews and questionnaire while secondary data were collected through documentary reviews. Qualitative method was used to analyze the in depth interviews. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages characterized the analysis and thus presentation of the information in form of tables and figures.
It was found that ways of motivating workers in SNC of SDA differs in each department however there are some of the ways used in all departments these are provision of house to live, medical assistance, education assistance, and permanent contracts, provision of trainings and seminar and salary. It was further found that employee performance was influenced by communication allowances, utility allowances and travel allowances, job security, salary payment, training, rewards, education assistance, medical assistance and working environment. There was strong association between education allowances, medical allowances, rewards, nature of contract, seminar and trainings, houses and work performance. The p-value found were 0.00, 0.003, 0.001, 0.002, 0.004 and 0.001 respectively whereas there was weak association between salary provided, communication and utility allowances, travel allowances and work performance.
The study recommended that equal motivation opportunities to be given to all workers and also SNC should improve accessibility of the working policy in order for its employees to be better informed of their benefits, working policy also be made more practical
Assessment of the Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment on Creating Employment Opportunities in Tanzania. A case Study Kibaha District.
Get PDFThe main objective of the study was to assess the contribution of FDI to creating employment opportunities in Tanzania by taking Kibaha district as a case study. The study employed both a qualitative and quantitative approach. A sample size of 84 respondents from the total population was used. Data collection methods included questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observation, and documentary review. Quantitative data was presented by tables and graphs related to Microsoft Excel and analyzed descriptively, for qualitative data content analysis was used. The findings revealed that FDI contributes to the creation of jobs on a large scale for local citizens in Tanzania. There is a positive relationship between the availability of FDI and the creation of jobs in the Kibaha district. The findings revealed that about 58% of the respondents said FDI provides employment opportunities in large quantity or on a large scale. Also, the study found that in Kibaha district, there were many FDI firms that invested in home appliance industries, building material industries, vehicle and motorcycle spare parts, as well as construction. Furthermore, the findings also show that despite the presence of different laws in the country, like the Employment Regulation Act of 2015, local citizens are not given priority for employment opportunities in FDI in Tanzania. Moreover, the study revealed that among the challenges that hinder FDI from employing local citizens in Tanzania are the following: language and communication barriers, lack of skilled labor, unfaithfulness of local communities, the tendency to drop out of a job without notice, laziness, low payment, selective hiring and cultural differences.
Key words: Foreign Direct Investment, employment opportunities
Impact of Non-Tariff Barriers in Trading Within East African Community: Evidence From Sirari One Stop Border.
Get PDFThe study aimed to assess the impact of non-tariff barrier in trading within the East African Community (EAC) using Sirari one stop border in Tarime district as the case study. Specifically, the study examined the non-tariff barriers challenging Tanzanian exporters within the EAC, the technical barriers to trade affecting the Tanzanian exporters within EAC and mitigating factors of NTBs and TBTs. The study used a descriptive research design basing on quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample size comprised 100 respondents. Questionnaires, interviews and documentary review were employed. SPSS and Microsoft Excel used to analyze data. The study revealed that the non-tariff barriers to trade within the EAC included; documentation and procedures, lack of harmonization in working hours at the border posts, delays at weighbridges, multiple police road blocks and mobile control, burning transportation of locally produced goods, use of immigration and visa procedures, insecurity of goods at the container freight stations. The Technical Barriers to Trade includes;voluntary standards and conformity assessment procedures, various Tanzanian ministries, departments and parastatals. Also some mitigation procedures identified for minimizing this situation include establishment a communication network between NTB focal points, and launching suitable procedures for classifying and eradicating NTBs. The study recommends that existing advance ruling mechanisms in various boarders and countries should be classified into the national customs tariff and verification of the origin of goods declared for preferential treatment. All parties should also introduce an advance ruling mechanism to provide information in a way that simplifies the whole process cross-border trade.
Keywords: Non-Tariff Barriers, Common Market, Trading, East African Community
Effectiveness of Internal Audit in Enhancing Financial Management in Tanzania
Get PDFWhen effectively managed, internal auditing becomes an important element in helping an organization achieve its objectives. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of internal audits in enhancing financial management using the case of Tanga City Council and find out challenges facing effectiveness in internal audit. The study was conducted using different data collection methods including interview, questionnaires, and secondary data collection. Most of the respondents were from Accounting and Internal Audit sections at TCC. The results of this study revealed that internal audit units at TCC are effective; their effectiveness was due to several factors; including the independence of internal auditors, roles of the audit committee, and resources to internal auditors, due care, training and promotion. These factors positively affect the effectiveness of the internal audit unit; as a result, they make internal audit practice to be effective within the institution. It was recommended that; strengthening the independence of internal auditors, improvement of Audit committee functions and compositions, improving communication right of Internal Auditors, increasing resources to internal auditors, improving access of information, and complying with International Professional Practice Framework by IIA. It is further recommended that the implementation should not be limited to removing the internal audit function under the Accounting Officer but rather implementing it in a way that enables the creation of a well-structured and effective Internal audit service capable of delivering high quality of service to the Tanzania Public sectors.
Keywords: Auditing, Internal Auditing, Financial Management, Fire Risk
The Effectiveness of the Open Performance Review and Appraisal System Tools in Tanzania
Get PDFPerformance appraisal (PA) has been described as a “vehicle for creative competitive advantage” for organizations be it public or private sector. This study evaluated the effectiveness of performance appraisal tools in Tanzania a case of PSSSF in Dodoma City, Tanzania. The study adopted a descriptive research design incorporating quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample of 102 employees was surveyed using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively using SPSS while thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings of this study revealed that all banks use the same tool which is Management by Objectives (MBO). The tool was found useful to the banks as it is brings about the required outcomes of its use, employees have a higher level of understanding about the tool that is they understand how to conduct it, they are trained about PA and that PA is fair in terms of procedures, information, relationship and equity. The study also found that employees especially managers are not in favor of the tool because it does not allow multiple ratings. Furthermore; the study revealed that in one of the banks, only management and senior-level employees are appraised. Recommendations were given that all employees should be appraised regardless of their positions and that the banks should consider the use of the tool that will enable employees to get a wider understanding of their performance from different raters.
Keywords: Open Performance and Review System, Tools, Tanzani
Assessing the effects of Human Resource Training on the Performance of Ministry of Education and Vocational Training in Zanzibar.
Get PDFThis study assessed the effects of Human Resource Training on the performance of Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) in Zanzibar. Specifically, the study focused on the investigating Human Resource Training strategies adopted by the MoEVT in enhancing employees’ performance, examining the roles of employees’ training on the performance of academic institutions and identifying the challenges facing MoEVT institutions in the implementation of HRT strategies in Zanzibar. The study employed cross sectional survey design and adopted qualitative and quantitative research approach. The study used probability sampling particularly purposive sampling. The sample size was 90 respondents which consisted of teachers and head teachers of secondary schools, MoEVT officials and National Teacher Resource Centre staffs who were employees of MoEVT institutions. The study involved in-depth interview and questionnaires whereby descriptive research design was used for quantitative data analysis and content analysis was used for qualitative data. The findings of the study revealed that employees have been equipped using different training strategies as a way to adopt required competence in enhancing the performance of public organizations. The findings indicated that HRT has positive role to the sustainability of organization specifically building competence, creativity, job morale and commitment of the employees. Meantime, findings revealed that HRT programs are not free from challenges including poor budget and follow up which lead to under efficiency of many delivered in service programs. It was recommended that HRT should be supported with adequate fund resource, clear policy, appropriate time allocation and effective follow-up.
Keywords: Human Resource Training, Learning Strategies, Performance of Organizatio