4473 research outputs found
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Assessment of the effects of COVID-19 on tourism enterprises in Arusha City Council, Tanzania.
Get PDFThis study was conducted in Arusha City Council with the main purpose of assessing the effects of COVID-19 on tourism enterprises. Specifically, the study examined the affected tourism enterprises, the effects of COVID-19 and mitigation measures for overcoming the effects of COVID-19 on tourism enterprises. The study employed a cross-sectional study design and used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample size of 277 respondents was drawn from the target population which constituted the employees of hotels, tour firms, curio shops, and cultural centres. Semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, direct observation and documentary literature reviews were data collection methods engaged in this study. The content analysis and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 were used to analyze data. The study revealed that COVID-19 had devastating effects on hotels, tour firms, curio shops, cultural heritages and travel and aviation. The most profound effects of COVID-19 included the sudden loss of jobs, changes in lifestyle choices and preferences and operations below capacity. The significant mitigation measures that were used to facilitate the recovery of tourism enterprises included the government initiative of the Royal Tour documentary, the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine and encouraging domestic tourism. The study recommended that tourism enterprises should diversify their activities, encourage digital marketing and initiate tourism product designs that can be tourists' friendly. The study further recommended that future studies should embark on challenges encountered by tourism enterprises during the initiation of mitigation measures for the recovery following the COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords: COVID-19, Tourism, Tourism enterprises, Arusha City Counci
Relationship between Social Competence and Reading Skills Acquisition in Primary School Pupils: Teachers’ Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices.
Get PDFThis study set out to examine the relationship between social competence skills and reading skills acquisition in public primary school pupils. The key objectives of the
study were to; explore the factors that hinder the acquisition of reading skills in pupils,establish teachers‘ knowledge of social competence skills, examine the
perceptions of teachers on the role of social competence skills on reading skills acquisition, appraise the social competence and reading skills enhancing practices employed by teachers in schools, and analyse the association between social competence and reading skills acquisition by primary school pupils. The study was guided by the Socio cultural and Social Learning Theories. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, as well as convergent parallel design.The population of the study was standard four pupils, standard four class teachers, standard four Kiswahili subject teachers, head teachers and parents/guardians. The study was conducted in 17 purposefully selected schools, where 340 pupils were randomly (20 from each school), 42 teachers, and ten parents/guardians were purposefully selected. Data were
collected using observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentary review techniques. The analysis of interviews, observations and documentary review proceeded through the following three main steps: preparing and organising data,
creating categories/themes, and coding, presentation and interpretation. For quantitative data, logistic regression analysis was run to estimate the impact of social
competence skills on binary outcomes, while Ordinary Least Square Regression (OLS) with multiple predictors was used to estimate outcomes of continuous variables. The findings show that there were a number of factors that hindered the
acquisition of reading skills in the pupils. It was further revealed that all teachers
knew the concept of social competence. It was found that pupils with social competence skills were in a good position to acquire and the reading skills faster than their counterparts. The participatory teaching method was mostly reported in enhancing reading skills in pupils; followed by pairing pupils, the use of extra hours, the use of libraries, parental involvement in the pupils‘ reading-related activities, and school feeding programmes. As for social competence skills, there were no specific practices that were solely meant to develop them. Rather, the practices fordeveloping social competence skills were coincidentally and unknowingly,embedded in those for developing the reading skills and other academic subjects. The most important social competence skills are communication skills, as other skills depend on the pupil‘s ability to communicate his/her ideas well. Findings from the
questionnaire showed no significant relationship between social competence skills and the acquisition and mastery of reading skills. The study, however, concludes that
social competence skills have a positive impact on pupils‘ acquisition of reading skills. The study recommends a reviewed curriculum that imparts pupils with social
competence skills for an everlasting positive effect on the pupil‘s lives, positive social interactions and academic achievements
Assessment of Water Quality at River Themi, Arusha, in Relation to Human Activities.
Get PDFAssessment of water quality at Themi River in relation to human activities in Arusha City was conducted in two seasons’ dry (October-November 2021) and rainy (March – April 2022) seasons. Water samples were collected by using special sterilized plastic containers at the designated points and hours. Measurements of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were done at the site turbidity, TDS, TSS, Escherichia coli, and heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Fe, and Cu) were determined in the laboratory. Samples for laboratory analyses were stored and transported as appropriate. Water sampling was done while observing the different human activities along and within the river at each site. Temperature, pH, DO, turbidity, TDS and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Pb) did not exceed WHO drinking water standards while presence of E. coli and TSS makes the water from River Themi not suitable for human use. Presence of E.coli and TSS is indicative of human activities along the river, which generate more pathogens and suspended solids. There is a need to raise awareness among water users on proper use of water resources. In addition, continuous and regular monitoring of the river health by Pangani Water Basin management is proposed.
Keywords: Water Quality, Water Temperature and Water Pollution in Relation to Human Activitie
Kuchunguza Maendeleo ya Ubunifu katika Tamthilia ya Kiswahili
Get PDFUtafiti huu ulijikita katika kuchunguza maendeleo ya ubunifu katika Tamthilia ya Kiswahili kwa kulinganisha tamthilia za awamu ya Azimio la Arusha na soko huria nchini Tanzania. Lengo lilikuwa ni kulinganisha kazi za awamu mbili tofauti ili kubaini kufanana na kutofautiana katika ubunifu wa ujenzi wa dhamira na matumizi ya lugha ili kubaini kama kuna maendeleo endelevu ama la. Utafiti ulimakinikia dhamira, matumizi ya ucheshi, matumizi ya misimu, matumizi ya uchanganyaji ndimi na uwepesi na ugumu wa lugha. Kiunzi cha utafiti kilikuwa ni nadharia ya Fasihi Linganishi. Utafiti ulikuwa ni wa maktabani. Tamthilia sita za Kiswahili
(Mashetani, Kijiji Chetu, Harakati za Ukombozi, Safari ya Chinga, Changamoto na Nje – Ndani) ziliteuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya usampulishaji nasibu tabakishi. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya usomaji makini. Uchambuzi wa data na
uwasilishaji wa matokeo ya utafiti uliongozwa na mkabala wa kiufafanuzi. Matokeo ya utafiti yanadhihirisha kuwa, waandishi wa tamthilia teule wanafanana na kutofautiana katika uteuzi na ujenzi wa dhamira na lugha ya tamthilia zao. Ubunifu katika kila tamthilia teule umethibitika kwenda na wakati, hali, lengo la utunzi na mazingira ya utunzi. Kila mwandishi ameonesha upya wa kipekee katika kazi yake.
Hivyo, utafiti huu umebaini kuwa siyo kweli kwamba tamthilia za Kiswahili za nchini Tanzania ambazo watunzi wake ni zao la awamu ya soko huria hazina ubunifu endelevu. Kwa hiyo basi, tafiti zaidi zinahitajika kuhusu tamthilia za Kiswahili ambazo watunzi wake ni zao la awamu ya soko huria ili kuondoa ombwe la taarifa za msingi katika kutathmini historia na maendeleo ya Tamthilia ya Kiswahili nchini
Tanzania. Maneno muhimu ni dhamira, maendeleo, misimu, ubunifu, uchanganyaji ndimi, ucheshi, uwepesi na ugumu wa lugha
Kuchunguza Namna Uhalisia mazingaombwe Unavyoibua Maudhui katika Hadithi Simulizi za Jamii ya Wazanzibari
Get PDFTasnifu hii imejikita katika ‘Kuchunguza uhalisia mazingaombwe na namna unavyoibua maudhui katika hadithi simulizi zinazopatikana katika jamii za Wazanzibari’ Utafiti huu uliongozwa na malengo mahsusi matatu: Moja, ‘Kubainisha vipengele mbalimbali vya kifani vilivyoonesha uhalisiamzaingaombwe katika hadithi simulizi tulizoziteua. Mbili, Kuchambua vipengele vyauhalisia mazingaombwe vinavyoibua maudhui ndani ya hadithi simulizi teule. Tatu Kubainisha miktadha ambayo uhalisia mazingaombwe huelekezwa katika hadithi simulizi teule. Data za utafiti zilikusanywa kwa mbinu za hojaji na usaili. Pia mtafiti katika kazi hii ametumia njia ya uwandani na ile ya maktabani. Mjadala wa data ulioongozwa na nadharia ya Uhalisia mazingaombwe. Nadharia hiyo ilikuwa muafaka katika uchambuzi na mjadala wa vipengele vilivyolengwa katika utafiti huu. Nadharia hiyo iliteuliwa kwa misingi ya kutegemeana na kukamilishana ili kukidhi malengo mahsusi ya utafiti. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yameonesha kuwa vipengele vya kifani vimetumika kuonesha uhalisia mazingaombwe katika hadithi simulizi za jamii ya Kizanzaibari. Pia uhalisia mazingaombwe umeibua maudhui ya mapenzi ya kweli, umoja na mshikamano, ugumu wa maisha, kupigania haki na ujasiri na ukakamavu. Utafiti huu unapendekeza kuwa watafiti wengine wazidi kufanya tafiti zaidi juu yauhalisia mazingaombwe katika hadithi simulizi za jamii ya Wazanzibari kupitia vipengele vyake, kwa mfano, wahusika wa uhalisia mazingaombwe nao wahusishwe na wanajamii wa uswahilini, pia tafiti nyengine zifanyike kuhusu mabadiliko ya uhalisia mazingaombwe kwa kuyahusisha na sayansi na teknolojia.
Maneno Muhimu: Teknolojia, mazingaombwe, fan
Assessment of Disaster Management and Preparedness Practices in Academic Libraries of Tanzania
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to investigate disaster management and preparedness practices in selected academic libraries in Tanzania. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to determine the extent to which library staff are aware of disaster preparedness practices, to assess the available infrastructure in relationship to disaster preparedness in the selected academic libraries, to find out measures that are in place to control disaster outbreak in selected academic libraries in Tanzania as well as to determine challenges facing disaster management and preparedness practices in the selected libraries. The study population included librarians and library directors from selected academic libraries. Probabilityrobability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to select 70 respondents who were involved in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview and Observation methods. Equally, data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 22, and Microsoft Office Excel. The key findings of this study showed that 81% of the respondents were not aware of the availability and importance of disaster preparedness plan in their libraries. Nevertheless the disaster preparedness plan was found in only one library. Further, the study exposed that,libraries, staff were not trained on the disaster equipment and facilities were installed in libraries though most library staff were not trained on how to use them when the disaster occurs. Thislibraries. means their Libraries were not very much prepared to prevent, response, or manage disasters. Again,, Furthermore, the study revealed that, though the written document of five years’ library disaster management plan was there as a measure to respond disaster, it had no value because the librarians were not aware of it. Furthermore, thethat study exposed the major challenges that include: limited fund, to conduct training and purchasing disaster preparedness equipment’s, no written disaster policy, no training to library staff on disaster management and as well as limited awareness in disaster preparedness and management. themanagement. The study recommended that there should be disaster training programs to library staff,, relevant disaster facilities and equipment to be should be adequately provided to academic libraries, enough fund should be allocated for training on disaster preparedness.Lastlyinstalled, Lastly, the study concludes that, most academic libraries in Tanzania including the selected academic libraries has low awareness. in disaster preparedness. The major reasons for low awareness were due to inadequacy training. Lack of enlightenment for creating community awareness and cautions on fire incidences and poor fire outbreaks management.
Keyword: Disaster, Disaster management, Academic libraries, Disaster preparednes
Parents’ and Teachers’ Engagement in Preparing Children with Special Educational Needs for Readiness to School in selected inclusive schools in Tanzania
Get PDFMajority of children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Tanzania are not enrolled in school. Despite the potential significance of parents and teachers’ engagement in preparing children with SEN for readiness to school, research is still limited on how best to make this happen. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ and teachers’ engagement in preparing children with SEN for readiness to school. Specifically, it analysed the varied roles played by parents and teachers, examined the challenges experienced by the parents and teachers and assessed the support services provided by teachers to facilitate children’s smooth transition to school. The study was informed by ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). It was conducted in two districts and employed a case study design with a sample size of 68 participants. Data were collected through interviews, focused group discussion, observation and documentary review and thereafter subjected to thematic data analysis. The findings revealed that parents and teachers played varied roles in preparing children with SEN to enrol into school. Nonetheless, their engagement was limited by lack of parents’ awareness about the available educational opportunities, absence of transport for children to manage the distance from home to school and delayed identification of the children’s learning difficulty. This study concludes that parents’ and teachers’ engagement was not straight-forward. Rather, it was a complex process with financial and emotional implications. Recommendations included among others, parents’ and public sensitisation on the essence of sending children with SEN to school as well as the need for continued government support.
Keywords: Parents’ and Teachers’ Engagement; Transition to School; Special Educational Needs
Assessment of Legal Framework for Electronic Procurement in the Public Sector in Tanzania
Get PDFThis research aimed at assessing the legal framework of electronic procurement in the public sector in Tanzania. The framework's legal flaws were examined, and ideas for improving Tanzania's electronic procurement efficiency were suggested. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology and used comparative and doctrinal legal research techniques. It was found that Tanzania lacks essential regulatory bodies for software, provisions that acknowledge the role of IT specialists in the procurement process, risk management strategies for both financial, economic risks and security threats in the e-procurement cycle. Furthermore, Tanzania's constitution does not contain any articles recognising procurement. These legal problems seriously impede the efficiency of e-procurement procedures, which resulted by a lack of comprehensive e-procurement regulation. Therefore, if Tanzania is to benefit, the study recommends revising the current Public Procurement Act 2011(Cap 410 R.E 2022) and its ancillary legislation and replace with the comprehensive e-procurement regulation; to enclosure procurement in constitution, to establish software licensing authority, to create risk management control mechanism and to establish ratification process of codified international instruments like UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement 2011,the World Trade Organization on E-Procurement 2012, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Public
Procurement 2011; the World Bank`s Procurement Framework and UN Convention on the use of Electronic communication 2005 in order to improve e-procurement in Tanzania and also, to join with the Information Systems Audit and Control Association in order to control the financial and security risks in e-procurement.
Keywords: Legal, Framework, Electronic Procurement, The Public Sector
Factors Influencing the Financial Sustainability of Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies in Tanzania
Get PDFThe study assessed the factors influencing the financial sustainability (FS) of SACCOS in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined the influence of outreach, corporate governance, credit risk management and monetary motivation on the FS of SACCOS. Using multi-stage and random sampling, the study generated a sample of 100 SACCOS. The resultant data were subjected to descriptive, multiple, and panel
data regression analyses. Moreover, the study applied the random effect regression model and Hausman test with the help of the Stata software to analyse the influence
of outreach on the FS of SACCOS. Furthermore, the study applied the SPSS software and multiple regression to analyse the influence of corporate governance, credit risk management, and monetary motivation on the FS of SACCOS. Then the variables were confirmed using principal components and factor analysis. The study used OSS as a proxy of FS which was a dependent variable. It was discovered that SACCOS in the areas of the study are financially sustainable. Also, the study found significant effects of outreach, corporate governance, credit risk management and monetary motivation variables on the FS of SACCOS. As such, the study recommends that the Bank of Tanzania should formulate policies that promote outreach, corporate
governance, credit risk and monetary motivation to further enhance the FS of SACCOS in Tanzania. Overall, the study contributes to Agency and Institutional Theories by integrating the four variables into one study and using SACCOS as semi�formal financial institutions operating using co-operative principles.
Keywords: SACCOS, Financial Sustainability, Outreach, Corporate Governance,Credit Risk Management, Monetary Motivatio
Heads of Schools Effective Management of Primary Schools Through Timely Orientation: A Case of Kishapu District in Shinyanga Region.
Get PDFThis study aimed at assessing assessed the heads of school effective management of primary schools through timely orientation: a case of Kishapu district in Shinyanga region. The objectives of the study were; to investigate on ways used to enhance effective management of schools, to assess the strength of enhance effective management of schools, to determine challenges facing enhancement of effective management, and to suggest proper methods and procedures to be adopted in enhancing/promoting timely orientation to the head of schools’ effective management of primary schools in Kishapu district. The study used cross-sectional research design, and used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis and quantitative data were analysed descriptively with the use of SPSS. The study involved 58 respondents who were purposively and randomly selected. Findings revealed that enhancement of effective management of schools through timely orientation of the school heads will be achieved through; provision of special courses in universities and colleges, conducting seminars, in service training, workshops and training development programs; mentoring and coaching. The challenges facing timely orientation for effective management of schools in Kishapu district include: failure to build good working condition and teamwork; lack of good leadership and management skills. The study also recommends that the higher education authority should use the experienced head of schools, education officers and school inspectors, provision of documents and publications, allocation of enough financial resources and time for conducting timely orientation to the heads of schools.
Keywords: Timely orientation, Heads of schools, effective management, Primary schools