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Exploring the Impact of the Full Range Leadership Model on Student Academic performance in Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Kibaha and Bagamoyo Districts.
Get PDFThis study examined the impact of leadership styles on academic performance in government secondary schools in Tanzania's Kibaha and Bagamoyo Districts. Data from 177 participants, including teachers and heads of schools, were analyzed using quantitative research methods to explore correlations between leadership styles, particularly those under the Full Range Leadership Model (FRLM), and academic performance. Statistical techniques, including ANOVA, t-tests, and descriptive analyses, were employed to assess these relationships. The findings indicate significant associations between the leadership styles embodied in the FRLM and academic outcomes. Specifically, transformational leadership exhibited the strongest positive correlation with academic performance, followed by transactional leadership, while laissez-faire leadership showed a negative impact. Moreover, gender was found to have no significant influence on leadership style selection among heads of schools. The study underscores the importance of adopting a holistic leadership approach that integrates various styles to address situational demands effectively. It recommends targeted training programs for heads of schools to enhance leadership effectiveness, particularly in transformational and transactional competencies. Additionally, institutional measures such as mandated professional development hours for heads of schools are proposed to foster continuous improvement in leadership practices. The study concludes by highlighting the need for future research to explore additional factors, such as resource availability and student backgrounds, in conjunction with leadership styles to further enhance educational practices in Tanzanian secondary schools.
Key words: Full Range Leadership Model, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Laissez Faire Leadership, Academic performance, Kibaha, Bagamoyo,
Tanzani
Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee’s Performance in Tanzania
Get PDFThis explanatory study aimed at assessing the effects of human resources management practices on employee’s performance. Specifically, it aimed at determining the influence of training and development on employee’s job
performance, determining the influence of selection and recruitment on employee’s job performance, determining the influence of reward and compensation on employee’s performance and to determine the influence of communication and information sharing on employee’s performance in Tanganyika district council (TDC). Random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 150 research participants. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and multiple regression analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings of this study revealed that training and development, selection and
recruitment, reward and compensation, communication and information sharing had positive and significant influence on employee’s performance in TDC. It is concluded that the studied HRM practices influence employee’s performance. The
study recommends that TDC should offer more training programs, improve pay systems, attract high quality employees through proper recruitment and selection
procedures and improve organization communication so as to attain better performance. However, the researcher suggested further studies on the similar research area of study in other institutions. Other researchers can expand the scope of work in order to cover all district councils since the research based only on one district council in Tanzania Mainland (i.e. TDC).
Keywords: Training, Compensation, Human Resource Management, Communication
Contribution of Incentives on Employees Performance in Public Organizations with Special Reference to Police Force in Mwanza, Tanzania
Get PDFThe study investigated the contribution of incentives towards employees’ performance in Tanzania Public Organization, specifically at Mwanza Police Force. Specifically, the study examined the influence of intrinsic incentives and extrinsic incentives towards employees’ performance in Mwanza Police Force and challenges facing public organizations in providing incentives to improve employees’ performance in Mwanza Police Force. The study employed mixed research approach through explanatory research design by using questionnaires and interview as data collection tools. Sample size for the quantitative data was 329 out of 1856 police officers in Mwanza while the sample size for the qualitative data was 5 respondents who were supervisors. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide and analyse qualitative data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics or content analysis was used for qualitative data. Results show that there is positive and significant relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic incentives on employees’ performance. The study also found insufficient budget, negative attitude of politicians’ influence on police force, lack of professionalism, discourage management, public perception that the organization is corrupt and un-trusted are the main challenges facing public organizations from provision of incentives. The study recommends the management to work purposely on intrinsic and extrinsic incentives because they were both found to have positive and significant influence on employees’ performance. The study also recommends management of the Police force to work closely with the responsible Ministry so that the review of salaries is done and provision of fringe benefits is considered.
Keywords: Intrinsic Incentives, Extrinsic Incentives, Employees Performance, Mwanza
Effect of Management Practices on Tanzania Ports Performance; A Case of Dar es Salaam Port.
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of management practices on the performance of Tanzania Ports, specifically focusing on Dar es Salaam Port. The primary objective is to analyze how management practices employed by the Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) influence the port's performance. The research is guided by three specific objectives: assessing the effects of strategic plan, stakeholder collaboration, and performance measurement on the port's performance. The study is grounded in positivism, emphasizing objective data and statistical analysis to understand the relationships between management practices and port performance. The research adopts an explanatory design to establish causal links between these practices and outcomes. A quantitative approach was used, targeting individuals with direct experience in port operations, including employees at various management levels within TPA. A sample size of 350 respondents was selected to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the management practices at Dar es Salaam Port. Data collection involved structured questionnaires that captured detailed information on the respondents' experiences and perceptions. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify key trends and regression analysis to explore the relationships between management practices and port performance. The findings highlight that strategic planning, effective stakeholder collaboration (especially when facilitated by digital communication), and performance measurement significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of port operations. Educational background was found to influence strategic planning, and integrating management practices with advanced technology was shown to further improve port performance. These insights suggest that adopting these effective management practices can enhance the performance of Dar es Salaam Port, ultimately supporting Tanzania's broader economic development.
Keywords: Port, Management practices, Strategic plan, Stakeholder collaboration, Performance measurement
The Effects of Declined Clove Production and Alternative Livelihood Strategies for Clove Farmers in Zanzibar: A Case of Mgelema and Chonga Shehia.
Get PDFThe study intended to examine the effects of declining clove production and alternative livelihood strategies for clove farmers in Zanzibar. Descriptive research had been adopted. A sample of 92 respondents was employed. A simple random technique was used to select 85 respondents. Purposive sampling was employed to select key informant respondents (officials from ZSTC and the Ministry of Agriculture, irrigation, natural resources, and livestock). A self-administered questionnaire composed of closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data from 92 respondents. The quantitative data had been analysed using descriptive statistics using SPSS software, whereas the qualitative data collected for this study was analysed using content analysis to develop categories based on identified commonalities. The findings show that the decline in clove production has led to socio-economic effects on communities whose livelihoods depend on clove production, such as household economic insecurity and rural youth outmigration. The findings revealed that clove farmers adapt various alternative livelihood strategies to cope with socio-economic damages associated with declining clove production, such as engagement in non-farming activities and diversification of other cash and food crops. The study recommended that clove farmers should be supported with utilities. They should be provided with professional training on the alternative livelihood options they have adapted. Also, they should be mobilised to utilise simple technology and encouraged to formulate farmer’s groups and networks that could help them search for better markets and pull up resources and benefits rather than compete with each other.
Keyword: Clove, Clove Tree, Livelihood, Productio
Effect of Project Control on Financial Performance: A Case of Scale-Up of Family Planning Projects Implemented by Marie Stopes in Tanzania
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of project control on the project financial performance citing a case study of the Scaling-up family planning project implemented by Marie Stopes, Tanzania. The samples of 52 purposively selected respondents were selected from different departments engaging directly with the implemented project to which structured questionnaire was distributed for response. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of project control on financial performance, specifically to analyze the effect of Cost control, schedule control as well as resources control on project financial performance. Collected data were analyze descriptively and the regression analysis to obtain the magnitude and direction of the effect of the variables under the study. Findings from the study revealed that, Budget Control and Schedule Control both had a positive and significant effect on the project financial performance at Marie Stopes with β=0.272, t=2.230, p= 0.011and β=0.346, t= 3.035, p=0.002 respectively. On contrary, the Resource Control was found to have a positive but insignificant effect on tor project financial performance with β=0.232, t=1.279, p= 0.207. The study therefore recommends the effective Project control measures such as Budgeting control by ensuring that all the budgeting process should be adhered to including assigning appropriate cost to every activity and strict management of the assigned budget. Time-frame should be taken into account since it has much effect on the project, the completion delay, the cost overrun are among the outcome of lack of Schedule control. Lastly the appropriate use of resources should be taken into account, both physical and human resource is important for the successful project implementation.
Keywords: Cost Control and Financial Performanc
Effect of Employee Relations on the Performance of Private Organizations in Tanzania: A Case Study of Jordan University College.
Get PDFThis study sought to examine the Effect of employee relations on the performance of private organizations: a case study Jordan University College – Morogoro. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy, Quantitative approach and the case study design was used at the collection of the information at one specific point in times. The target population was 488 respondents and 122 respondents were the sample size of the study. Sampling techniques used was stratified random sampling. The questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Finding revealed employee’s safety to some extent that employee has an understanding of firefighting education, the training that has ever been given within the organization. Also findings imply that communication in the organization is not transparent and correct for the relationship between employees, and repetition of bad behavior of employees occurs in the organization and this leads to conflicts and affects the performance of the organization. The study recommends a private organization has to develop and maintain a positive attitude to employees, should maintain effective communication channels and explore on other ways to improve the organizational performance. Also private organization should ensure that they implement the health and safety programs at their work places not just because it is a government requirement but also because it will result to improved employee performance.
Keywords: Employee relations, performance, private organization
Assessment of Community Perceptions on The Implementation of School Feeding Program in Tanzanian Secondary Schools, A Case Study of Dar Es salaam City Council.
Get PDFThis study was intended to assess the Community Perception on the implementation of school feeding program in Tanzanian Secondary Schools, was conducted in Dar Es Salaam City Council, Dar Es Salaam region. The study involved four Secondary Schools, in each school one head of school, ten parents, five members of SFP Committee, five teachers and 50 students were involved. Two WEOs and Three street chair persons each representing the school located at his or her areas are involved. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative approaches with interviews, questionnaire, direct observation and Documentary review as methods for data collection. The study found that the perceptions of teachers, students and parents on SFPs are heterogeneous and perceived the program as Pandora’s Box that came with good things and bad things at the same time. They pointed good things like solving short hunger problem during class ours especially afternoon sessions, motivating teaching and learning process, increase student’s creativity and body health, and making learning activities as loving art to students, increase students school attendance and academic performance and brings sense of socialization among students. The bad things perceived are like low increased conflicts between teachers and parents, quality and quantity of the food provided to students (considered unhealthy), wastage of time, interference teaching and learning processes, bias nature of the program and increased workload to teachers. It was further discovered that the LGAs failed to execute their roles and functions relating to SFPs. In addition the study found that the developing trend of the SFPs in DCC is stunted and future direction of the program is living since the stakeholder still have hope on the program if some adjustment well done. Finally the study recommends that government should take control of the SFPs full as how done in government boarding schools.
Keywords: SFPs, community, stakeholders, LGA, DCC, academic performance, perceptio
Analysis of the Medical Records Management Practices at Chakechake Hospital, Pemba, Zanzibar.
Get PDFThis study analyzed the management of medical records at Chakechake Hospital, a public hospital in Pemba, Zanzibar. The objectives were to analyze current medical records management practices, evaluate staff knowledge and competencies, and identify challenges in managing medical records. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative data from 80 respondents that sampled purposively and conveniently from 121 population. Results showed that the hospital creating average records per month, including 1,400 to 1,500 records and the created records are managed through paper and electronic formats. Findings of staff education level shows that 45 (57%)have certificate, 18 (22%) have diploma, 16 (20%) have bachelor degree and 1 (1%) has master degree. Only two staff under records management section have adequate knowledge and skills regarding to supervision of records while health care professionals have not adequate knowledge and skills about records management Challenges reported includelimited number of staff, lack of awareness and training, unstable Electronic Medical Records system used in managing records, limited number of records management facilities and too much workload. These challenges limit the effectiveness of the records management practices at the hospital and efficiency of customer services delivered to the patients. To improve record management, the researcher recommends the following; government through the Ministry of Health Zanzibar to employ qualified personnel to fill the deficit of the staff, providing trainings and workshops to the staff, Electronic Medical Record system has to be stabilized and records management facilities to be procured.
Key words: Medical records, Electronic Medical Records, Chakechake hospita
Influence of Electronic Customs Administration System on Imported Goods Verification at Dar Es Salaam Port, Tanzania.
Get PDFThis study focused on assessing the influence of electronic customs administration system on imported goods verification at Dar es Salaam Port, Tanzania, highlighting the system's role in enhancing customs operations critical to the nation’s economy. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative customs data analysis with qualitative insights from customs officials and other stakeholders. The sample included 385 participants from clearance, revenue collection, and risk departments, along with clearing agents and cargo consolidators, selected from a total of 11,000 TRA and TPA employees. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model was utilized to assess the relationship between explanatory and dependent variables, focusing on their effects on the efficiency of the goods verification process. The findings indicate that the electronic systems significantly enhance verification efficiency, leading to faster clearance times and improved accuracy in identifying discrepancies. Key benefits include real-time data exchange and increased transparency among stakeholders. Furthermore, the study reveals a correlation between the number of scanner images processed and the thoroughness of verification, while automated systems reduce human errors and processing times, enabling customs officials to efficiently manage greater import volumes. These results underscore the importance of continuous investment in electronic customs systems for policymakers and customs authorities.
Keywords: Scanner Image, Imported Goods, Electronic Customs Revenue System, Dar es Salaam Por