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The Role of SACCOS Microcredits on the Empowerment of Rural Female-Headed Households (FHHs) in Tanzania: A Case of Njombe Region: Moderating Role of Education and Mediating Role of Culture.
No full textThe study investigated the role of SACCOS microcredits (SMCR) in empowering rural female household heads (FHHs) in the Njombe Region in Tanzania. The study's specific objectives were to examine the influence of SMCR on economic, social cultural and political empowerment, and the moderating role of education and the mediating role of culture in influencing SMCR and FHH empowerment. The primary data were randomly collected from the sample of 350 FHHs who were SACCOS borrowers. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data, The cross-sectional survey strategy and explanatory design facilitated data collection from four districts of the Njombe region. Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression analytical approaches concurrently with Hayes (2018) moderation and mediation processes. Findings showed that SMCR positively and significantly influenced economic and social-cultural empowerment. However, the influence of microcredits on political empowerment was positive but insignificant. Further, education positively and significantly moderated SMCR and FHHs' economic and social-cultural empowerment. The findings indicated that the moderating role of education on SMCR and political empowerment was insignificant. Moreover, culture mediated SMCR and FHHs' economic, social-cultural and political empowerment. The study emphasizes the government's formulation of policies that improve SACCOS services for marginalized groups such as FHHs. Moreover, the stakeholders should promote FHHs SACCOS services by providing financial support and training. They should also sensitize society to avoid social-cultural practices that hinder economic, social, and political empowerment of the FHHs.
Keywords: SACCOS Microcredits, FHHs Empowerment, Education, Cultur
The Role of Integrated Marketing Communication Tools on the Hotels Performance in Kinondoni District : Dar Es Salaam Region in Tanzania.
No full textThe study assessed the role of Integrated Marketing Communication Tools (IMCT) on the hotel performance in Kinondoni Municipal in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study objectives were; to evaluate factors influencing the use of IMCT in the hotels, to determine the IMCT used in hotels, to determine the relationship between the IMCT and hotels performance, and to assess challenges experienced in the use of IMCT in the hotels. The target population was 468 and the selected hotels for this study were 8 hotels. Kinondoni Municipality was selected for this study because hotels are strategically located along the coastal areas where tourist prefers such an environment. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design and mixed research approach. The data were collected using interviews and questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The study sample size was 139 obtained through purposive and stratified sampling techniques. The sample included hotel managers, marketing managers, IT staff, reservation, staff and sales and marketing staff. The findings revealed that IMCT plays great role on increasing hotel revenue and facilitating the increase of hotel sales and revenue. The study also found that all the IMCT are used in hotel, but advertisement played the leading role in hotels in Dar es Salaam; however, they were limited by low budget for IMCT, employees limited skill, and inadequate IT service. The study concluded that there is a direct and close relationship between IMCT and hotel performance as regression analysis indicates a statistically significant positive relationship. The study also recommends that Hotel owners should use IMCT to enhance their hotel's performance.
Keywords: Integrated Marketing Communication Tools, Hotel Performance, Hotel, Industry
Digitization of Academic Library Materials in Zanzibar: A Case of the State University of Zanzibar and Abdulrahman Al-Sumait University.
No full textThe study investigated digitization of academic library materials at the State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) and SUMAIT University, with a focus on performance, types of materials digitized, and challenges faced. It assessed how effectively digitization initiatives have been implemented in these institutions and their impact on accessibility and resource management. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining surveys, interviews and questionnaire with librarians, IT personnel, academic staff, and students. The findings revealed that while both universities had made significant progress in digitizing books, journals, and theses, they still faced challenges related to limited funding, outdated infrastructure, and insufficient staff training. Additionally, technical issues such as software incompatibility and storage limitations were identified as barriers to successful digitization. The study recommends that addressing these challenges through increased investment, staff development, and enhanced technical support is essential for improving the digitization process and ensuring sustainable access to academic resources in Zanzibar.
Keywords: Digitization, Academic Libraries, Zanzibar, SUZA, SUMAIT, Library Materials
Effect of Intrinsic Motivation on Employees Job Performance in Tanzania Public Organizations : The Case of Sumbawanga Water and Sanitation Authority.
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate how Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation Rukwa Region employees' performance was affected by work-life balance. This study was led by three objectives: to ascertain the impact of flexible work arrangements, leave policies, and welfare policies on the performance of Tanzania Telecommunication Corporation Rukwa Region employees. In this study, positivist philosophy was applied. Additionally, a quantitative method was used. The study design that was selected was the explanatory one. Out of the 115 TTCL employees, 87 respondents were chosen at random to make up the sample. To gather information, structured questionnaires were employed. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics. According to the study, employee performance at TTCL Rukwa Region was positively and significantly correlated with all independent variables, including leave, policy, flexible work arrangements, and welfare policies. Based on the results, this study suggests that TTCL management examine the leave policy on a regular basis to make sure it is in line with the aims and objectives of the company. Additionally, managers should foster an environment of trust and responsibility where staff members are empowered to efficiently manage their own work schedules. Last but not least, HR should make sure that all workers are aware of welfare regulations and their rights and benefits.
Keywords: Work Life Balance, Leave Policy, Flexible Work Arrangements, Welfare Policies, Employees Performanc
The Impact of Occupational Health Practices on Employees’ Performance in Private Organizations: A Case of Tanganyika Planting Company in Kilimanjaro.
No full textThis study examined the impact of occupational health and safety practices on employee performance in Tanzania's private organizations. The study was conducted in Moshi Region focusing on the Tanganyika planting company in Kilimanjaro. Three objectives guided this study which are to; determine the effect of reduced workplace injuries, reduction in stress and the effect of compliance with workplace regulations on employees’ performance in the Tanganyika planting company in Kilimanjaro. The study adopted a positivism paradigm, quantitative approach and descriptive cross-sectional research design. The population of the study was 217 employees from Tanganyika Planting Company and a sample size was 68 respondents were randomly selected. The data analysis tool was Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) while the data analysis technique adopted was the regression analysis technique. The findings show that reduced workplace injuries were positive and significantly related to employee performance. The findings show that compliance with work regulation was positive but insignificantly related to employee performance. The findings show that reduction of stress levels was positive and significantly related to employee performance It was concluded that reduction of workplace-related injuries and reduction of stress levels amongst employees is the most effective healthy safety a company can take to improve employee performance. This study recommends that compliance with work regulation should be given attention to bring positive and significant impact on employee performance.
Keywords: Occupational health practices, workplace injuries, stress, compliance employees’ performance
The impact of Tourism industry on Poverty reduction among women
Get PDFThe study is about The impact of tourism industry on poverty reduction among women. A case study of Jambiani village, Unguja Zanzibar. The main objective of the study was to examine the impacts of tourism industry on poverty reduction among women in Jambiani village. The specific objectives were: to identify economic activities related to tourism sector done by women in Jambiani Village; to assess women’s business related tourism sector capacity performed at Jambiani village: to assess the impacts of tourism sector’s activities performed by women at Jambiani. In this study, the population includes women from Jambiani village, Local leaders as well Human Resource Officers from hotels. The target population was women in Jambiani in both shehias, and was 152. This study used qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample procedure used was Simple random sampling and judgments. The data was collected using quantitative approach whereby questionnaire was used. Whilst semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussion(FDG) and Observation were used. The current research study reveals that, tourism has contributed to the reduction of poverty among women in the villages by creating more 60percent of the direct and indirect employment to the women at Jambiani and Zanzibar in general. It has provided markets for various women’s products especially those from the handcrafts, foods vendors, tourists guide and related women business activities. It has encouraged small business to the women. Either, study also assessed women’s business related tourism sector capacity performed at Jambiani village. briefly it reveals that there are different women business capacity related on tourism sector at Jambiani. Women business have been linked with bank and other related micro finance institutions whereby most of them getting some support. Business skills and networking have been identified by women that they tap many positive impacts that facilitates poverty reduction since they have engaged in their businesses. There is no doubt that better education is the essential factor to be employed in tourism enterprises and can offer higher positions which have higher incomes, so the study recommends that NGOs, CBOs and Jambaini community have to take special measures to improve the levels of education among young women and feed them with tourism trainings in order to enable those women to benefit much from tourism sector. In addition, the study recommends that the local leaders in shehias to reorganize well and come up with women development projects which all tourism enterprises in Jambiani village will donate on to fulfil the programme.
Key words: Impact of Tourism, Poverty eradication, Women Economic activitie
Factors Associated with Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among Male Adults in Maswa District
Get PDFThe study determined the factors associated with uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision among male adults in Maswa district. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to assess the effect of knowledge on voluntary medical male circumcision among male adults in Maswa district, to determine the effect of attitude on voluntary medical male circumcision among male adults in Maswa district and to examine the effect of practices on voluntary medical male circumcision among male adults in Maswa district. A descriptive research design was adopted with a
quantitative research approach in achieving the research objectives. The population of the study comprised of uncircumcised men aged 20 years and above living in Simiyu region, Maswa District, particularly, Malampaka ward which, a sample of 100 respondents were sampled for the study. Data were collected using questionnaires. The analysis of the quantitative data was done through descriptive statistics as well as multiple regressions' analysis. The findings, knowledge has a positive and significant impact on VMMC uptake, with a regression coefficient of 0.635 and a p-value of 0.000. Also, according to the findings, attitude had a positive and significant impact on VMMC uptake, producing a regression coefficient of 0.341 and a p-value of 0.000. However, findings indicated that practices had a positive but insignificant impact on VMMC uptake (B=0.012, p-value=0.866). The study concludes that knowledge and attitudes are significant factors towards the uptake of VMMC, while practice is an insignificant factor in the uptake of VMMC. The study recommends tailored messages suitable for adults male are crucial so to attract more adult male into undertaking VMMC services.
Keywords: Voluntary Medical, Male, Adults, Maswa Distric
The efficacy of Tanzania labour law in protecting the rights of Casual employees in Sugar industries.
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of Tanzania labour law in protecting the rights of casual employees in sugar industries by using Kagera sugar Ltd and Mtibwa Sugar Estates as case study. The study explored the position of old and contemporary labour law in protecting the rights of casuals. The study used a descriptive method and a sample of 369 respondents to test whether casuals were more protected in the old labour law compared with the contemporary labour law. The study used Statistical Package for Social Sciences to analyze the collected data and the results show that health insurance,leaves,overtime pay,collective bargaining rights,Personal Protective Equipments, bonus pay and sugar incentives are not being offered to casual employees but to full time employees only. Casuals get only those generic rights like none-discrimination and rights against forced labour and that some casuals are well qualified and most of them have been working with the selected Organisations for a period of more than one year in the same jobs. It is recommended that Kagera Sugar Ltd and Mtibwa Sugar Estates should change the employment status of the long serving casuals to either specific task or fixed term contract. That Tanzania Plantation Workers Union (TPAWU) and the Management of the two Organisations add a clause in their Collective Baragaining Agreements (CBAs) which will require casuals to pay an agency fee to TPAWU so that some terms and conditions agreed upon in the CBAs are extended to casual employees. That the Government should amend section 14 of the Employment and Labour Relations Act of 2004 to recognize and regulate casual employment in Tanzania.
Keywords: Casual Employee, Casuals’ Skills, Labour Law and Employees’ Rights
Effects of Credit Risk Management on Loan Repayment Performance of Commercial Banks in Tanzania. Analysis of Commercial Banks in Dar es salaam and Zanzibar.
Get PDFThe study intended to investigate the influence of credit policies, debt collection process, risk identification process and credit scoring on loan repayment performance of commercial banks. The target population was credit risk management managers of the registered commercial banks in Tanzania working at the head office with a sample size of 34 respondents drawn using purposive sampling. Primary data was collected by use of 5 point liker scale questionnaires. A reliability test was done by using Cronbach Alpha method. Analysis was done by quantitative techniques. Quantitative analysis included the use of tables. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results indicated that organizations credit policies have a positive and significant effect on loan repayment performance of commercial banks. Also, results showed that risk identification process includes risk-ranking components where these ranking are usually based on impact, severity or dollar effects. The results also show that risk identification process by commercial banks has a positive and significant effect on loan repayment performance. It was recommended that banks should have stringent credit appraisal techniques.
Key words: Credit risk management, Loan repayment performance, fully fledged bank, Tanzania
Factors Influencing the intention to adopt crypto currencies in Tanzania
Get PDFCryptocurrencyas a digital cashless system has been perceived to accomplish numerous roles including instant international moneytransfer, making transactions at low charges,onlinepayments,alternativesourceofcurrency,andasaspeculativebusiness.Moreover, thedecentralized and anonymous featureenableit to give freedom and confidentialityof its users. This study aimed to examine factors that impact the intention toadoptcryptocurrenciesinTanzania.Theconceptualframeworkinwhichhypotheseshavebeen proposed based on Technology Acceptance model (TAM). The study was based on quantitative design approach and data were collected via questionnaire from 368 Dar es Salaam citizens. Findings indicated that the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use showed positive association on the intention to use cryptocurrencies. On the contrary, the perceived challenges and risks were insignificant to both the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of using cryptocurrencies. The study concludes that cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin can be used in Tanzania to fulfill various roles. Furthermore, the study concludes that security gaps, risks and challenges are among the factors that hinders cryptocurrencies from being used as a legal tender in Tanzania. The study recommends to the government of Tanzania to consider establishing a syllabus on blockchain technology particularly cryptocurrencies in all levels of college and higher education.Thiswillprovideawiderunderstandingofthistechnology.Also,centralbank should review the Tanzania monetary policy in order to accommodate new financia